Mene ne heraldry? Heraldry Rasha

Heraldry ya dade a dukan al'adu da tarihi da sabon abu. Fito a matsayin wani sifa jarumtan da tsada, a yau shi aka ajiye a cikin birnin da kuma jihar alamomin.

Mene ne heraldry? Da fari dai, shi ne mai tarihi horo cewa karatu da alama. Abu na biyu, shi ne sabon abu na kama da hotuna, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tsakiyar zamanai.

Asalin dasu makamai

Don gane da abin da yake heraldry, shi wajibi ne don gano a lõkacin da ta bayyana. Markings a kan kayan samo asali a lokacin da heyday na jarumtan a XII karni tsakanin farko da na biyu jihadi. Noblemen fara saya su ga nasu ganewa a fagen yaƙi.

By da XIII karni, da xabi'unsu sun bayyana a birane, addini umarni, bourgeois. An muhimmanci taimako ga yaduwar wani sabon abu sanya jousting gasa.

Heraldry a Rasha

Rasha heraldry aka dauke aro Yammacin Turai al'adar. A Rasha, ba zai iya bayyana dasu ba na makamai a al'ada ma'anarta, kamar yadda asali wannan art fito a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun jarumtan, wanda shi ne ba ya nan daga Slavs. Duk da haka, ko da a gaban shi a Turai Slavic iyalan da kuma kabilu da nasu haruffa, buga da arna totems.

Tare da tallafi na Orthodox Rus karfe ne sau da yawa amfani da katin shaida maki biyu mikiya, soma daga Byzantine. Bugu da kari, da na kowa Kirista giciye ya zama wata alama ce.

A tsakiyar karni XVII Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, so don ƙirƙirar wani bishiyar iyalin da Rasha shugabanninmu, ya nẽmi taimako daga Austria Sarkin makamai Lawrence Hurelevichu. Muhimmancin shi ne "Royal titulyarnik" wallafa a 1672 da kasa diplomasiyya hukumar. Ya wallafa yawa disparate isharori daban-daban na Rasha ƙasashe cikin guda jiwuwa hoto. Heraldry Rasha gare yawa muhimmanci da bayanai daga wannan aikin.

Karkashin Bitrus na fara saya nasu dasu ba na makamai da kuma daraja gidaje. "Ya yi jayayya da Rasha Empire", hada a 1797, hada da fiye da 3000 Generic haruffa.

Bayan da 1917 da juyin juya halin, da Rasha heraldry ya zama wani karin tarihi da'a. Yau, shi awakens wani aiki ban sha'awa na talakawa. A 1999 Heraldic Majalisar da aka kafa a karkashin shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation.

The abubuwa na gashi na makamai

Tasari bayãnin hukuncin alama yana da dozin abubuwa. Wannan garkuwa, magoya bayan, shaci, kuma torse t. D.

Ayarinsa sun fi mayar da kayyade taken. A bisa ga al'ada, kowa rubutu a Latin. Saboda haka, taken Lermontov ya jumlar «Sors mea Yesu» ( «The zana Yesu"). Da taimakon wadannan phrases tsaye ga wani hali da sanya kanta cikin HALITTAR, cikin birnin, kuma haka a. D. Wannan shi ne wani sabon abu da ba ka damar amsa tambaya game da abin da yake heraldry.

heraldic garkuwa

Babban kashi na wani alama - garkuwa. Cewa yana da wani sa na Figures. Raba bayani na bukatar wani iri-iri siffofi na garkuwoyi. Suna raba tare kabilanci Lines.

A tsakiyar zamanai da image haka siffar da garkuwa da jarumi ta tsaron gida kayan aiki. Duk da haka, tare da bacewar Knights matsayin wani muhimmin factor fama image karža zanen gado zama mafi mutumin siffar.

Mafi na kowa tsari - Faransa (rectangular garkuwa da wani nuna tushe). A cikin Rasha hadisin, kamar yadda a da yawa wasu, "Faransanci" ra'ayi ya zama ya fi na kowa.

Ya kamata kuma a lura Varangian (triangular), Spanish (square da zagaye tushe), Turanci (inverted alwatika baka a kai) da kuma Jamus (dimbin yawa) garkuwa.

tincture

A kayan da abin da garkuwa ne amfani da image ne kai tsaye related to da launi palette na gaba alama. Babu wani daga cikin fitattun alama ba za a iya gane baicin ta launi. Sau da yawa biyu irin webs iya zama daya da kuma guda hoto, amma a lokaci guda ya bambanta a launi, halin ya canza ma'anar, wanda daukawa abun da ke ciki. Saboda haka, za ka iya amsa tare da yaƙĩni da tambaya ga abin da yake cikin heraldry: na gani zane-zane. Coatings da Paints dũka jikuna da nasu ajali - tincture.

enamel

Kafin a zahiri dauki launi muhimmi emblemovedeniyu kamata lissafa abubuwan da kayan da wanda Hoton ne amfani. All uku daga gare su. Babu bayanin kowanne daga cikinsu ba za a iya gabatar da "Heraldry."

Enamel - coatings wanda sun dauki wani foda da wani vitreous enamel. Bugu da kari, lokacin da samar da topsheet aristocratic "lakabin" kamar yadda amfani da tushe farantin tagulla. Enamel sun fi na kowa a cikin na da Faransa, inda ya koma Rasha. A kasar mu a yau, akwai mutane da yawa da makarantu da suke da wannan sunan amfani zane-zane (Vologda, Rostov, da sauransu. D.). Domin enamels halin da biyar da launuka.

Red (ko mulufi) launi nuna ƙarfin hali, ƙarfin zuciya da kuma jin tsoro. Generated da hadawa da ma'adinai cinnabar da minium. Red sautunan - daya daga cikin wadanda wanda zai iya gadara da wani kasa heraldry. Red flags ne daga cikin mafi kowa.

Blue (ko sama blue) launi da aka yi amfani da jaddada da kyakkyawa, da fifiko da softness. Lazuli pigment hada ultramarine kuma cobalt karfe.

The black launi da aka gano da ƙanƙan da kai, hikima da kuma bakin ciki. Don sa shafi na baki launi da aka yi amfani da sau da yawa a baya kone hauren giwa.

Green - wata alama ce ta zuba, bege da farin ciki. Sha'awa, domin imparting Hoton tabarau na kore fure halitta ganye amfani, da kuma chromium.

Purple launi ne wata ãyã ba kawai da ƙarfi da iko, amma kuma mutumci. Amfani da kasa akai-akai sauran hudu da launukanku. Purple - cakuda ja fenti da Carmine ruwan hoda launi varnish.

Idan baya Paint suna dauke canonical, sa'an nan da yin amfani da sauran palettes rarer. An ba sau da yawa za ka iya samun enamel orange, Crimson, jini, Brown, m da kuma ruwan hoda launuka.

karfe aiki

Na biyu abu - karafa. Biyu kawai da irin - da zinariya da azurfa, wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, dauke daraja.

A farko daga cikin wadannan, wanda yana da girman kai suna da "Sarkin karafa", alama ce ta arziki, da iko, da tsada. Bugu da kari, a cikin Hadisin Kirista na zinariya launi - da wata ãyã daga gaskiya, bangaskiya, da sadaka, da kuma tawali'u.

Azurfa tare da sĩlĩli fari ko da yaushe tafi hannu da hannu da tsarki, rashin laifi, karimci da kuma gaskiya. Ko dai hanya, da daraja karafa ake daura wa duk abin da yake mafi kyau, a ɗan adam hali.

Gold ne dauke da wani analog rawaya launi, yayin da azurfa da ake dangantawa da fari Paint. Su sukan rufe dasu ba na makamai. Heraldry ce farin launi daya daga cikin na kowa a cikin art. Artists iya samun zinariya da azurfa launuka da taimakon ba kawai kai tsaye zuwa karafa, amma kuma m launuka.

A Jawo a kan allon

Lokacin yin riguna makamai na biyu al'ada amfani da Jawo dabbobi - squirrels da weasels.

Ermine Zagayawar a kan azurfa ko zinariya filin a cikin nau'i na crosses a baki. Wannan abu ne wata alama ce da iko. The hakkin ya yi amfani da shi kuma sun kawai sarauta da daraja dauloli da cewa suna da wani musamman matsayi a cikin al'umma.

Kurege cover auku a cikin nau'i na blue-m da fari fãtun jikinsu. Ba kamar analog ermine, sai ya wakiltar da kõme, kuma an zāna mafi sau da yawa a cikin nau'i na kwalkwali. Irin wannan abu, misali, a Rasha ne rare.

Sha'awa, da furs, wanda ya a Premium a na da Turai, amfani da kayan ado na knightly Banners ko da kafin da kansa alama.

Relic na baya za a iya daukan kuma Sable Jawo. Alal misali, ana iya gani a kan banner daga cikin shahararrun iyali na Hohenzollern. Shi ne daga wannan daular, akwai sarakuna na Prussia da Kaiser na Jamus.

Flowers a matsayin wata alama

Flowers a heraldry sun rare har ma a tsakanin sarauta haihuwa. Alal misali, a Ingila, da furanni, bouquets na wardi iya nuna kashe kawai alama na mulki daular. Idan daraja iyalai da dangi a tsakanin su lashe shugabannin, ta iya yin amfani da fiye da guda fure a kan garkuwa.

Wars na Wardi, wanda ya barke a Ingila a cikin XV karni, ya kira shi a kan haruffa na biyu dauloli takara ikon. Lancaster alfahari da ja tashi, a Yorkie - fari. Akwai sauran jiki spiked furanni. Unofficial alama na Bulgarian Rose ne mulufi, yayin da rawaya wardi - alama ce ta Beijing.

Wani duniya-sanannen flower logo - Lily. Yana wata alama ce da triad furannin Bourbons, wanda ya yi mulki Faransa domin ƙarni, da kuma Spain zauna kursiyin a yau.

Ƙaya daga heraldic alama ya zama wata alama ce da dukan of Scotland. M misalai Chrysanthemum, wanda shi ne kasa flower na Japan tun da VII karni.

Bishiyoyi a kan makamai

Oak. Wanda ke nufin heraldry tare da kama da juna? Tun zamanin da shi nuna alamar iko da ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, a kan kan sarki da kuma flags iya sau da yawa sami 'ya'yan itatuwa - acorns.

Itacen zaitun, da kuma musamman rassansa da aka sani da wata alama ce da zaman lafiya. Wannan fassarar da aka kafe a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. A cewar Tsohon Alkawali, kurciya kawo zaitun reshe zuwa ga Nũhu a matsayin wata ãyã daga cikin ƙarshe na Ambaliyar. The musulmai sun dauki itacen zaitun na rayuwa. Dove dauke da wani reshe na itace za a iya gani, misali, a kan makamai na Fiji.

Har ila yau, a kan posters ne na kowa Pine da ceri (a Japan - wata alama ce ta dũkiya da nasara).

Birds a kan posters

More sau da yawa fiye da sauran tsuntsaye kamar yadda na gani image, za ka iya samun gaggafa, wadda a Turai al'adar yayi magana akan mamayar da kuma iko. Yana za a iya gani a Amurka latsa, inda ya riqe wani zaitun reshe da kibiyoyi nuna goma sha uku (yawan da kafa jihohin).

Heraldry musamman a hankali nazarin siffar na biyu-gangarawa gaggafa, wadda za a iya samu a cikin al'adun jama'a daban-daban. An yi imani da cewa ta asalin zamar masa dole ya yi rajista da Sumerian wayewa na zamanin d Mesofotamiya. Daga can, sai ya yi gudun hijira zuwa Hittiyawa.

The Byzantine Empire kuma yi amfani da biyu-gangarawa mikiya a cikin ganewa da babu dalili. Shi ne daga can ya, tare da Orthodoxy aka canjawa wuri zuwa Rasha, inda ya samu a karo na biyu haihuwa. Fantastic tsuntsu qawata kan posters Chernigov, Tver da kuma Moscow mulkoki.

Yana shahara tsakanin Jamus (da Jamusanci Confederation, Mai Tsarki Roman Empire, da Austro-Hungarian Empire, da sauransu. D.). Yau, da wannan adadi ne yanzu a kan flags na Albania, Armenia, Rasha, Serbia da kuma Montenegro.

Similar to gaggafa a masa daraja halaye shaho, wanda shi ne har yanzu a tsakiyar zamanai aka hade tare da namiji halaye: karimci, jarumtan, ƙarfin hali kuma ƙarfi.

Similar a ma'ana images of tsuntsaye kamar da heron, crane da shamuwa. Matsayin mai mulkin, suna bayyana ne a tsaye a kan daya kafa. Irin wannan abun da ke ciki ya hada da taka tsantsan da kuma taka tsantsan.

Tsuntsaye "tasirin" ne ma kowa zakara, ducks da roosters.

A symbolism na dabbobi

Wolf ne musamman na kowa a cikin Jamus na da al'ada. A lokaci guda, da predator yana da wani daban-daban da kamã da jũna muhimmanci. Rasha hadisin ascribes to shi da fushi, hadama da kuma gluttony. Littafi Mai Tsarki ne dabba mai shayarwa - personification daga cikin annabawan karya. Da aka sani ga sauran dangi Lupa Capitolina, ciyar da jariri da ta madara. Shi ne wata alama ce da "madawwami birni" na Roma. A cewar labari, ta tsira daga yunwa yan'uwa Romulus da Remus, na farko wadda, kuma kafa da matabbatarsu.

Dabbobin da yawa, ana daukarsu a fadan da tawali'u da kuma timidity. Wannan barewa da kuma 'yan raguna. A rago yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin Hadisin Kirista. Ɗan Rago na Allah, a cikin Injĩla na Iisus Hristos aka kira. Ba tare da shi, ba zan iya yi Turai Katolika heraldry. Haruffa daga Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru sun yaushe shagaltar da wani shahararren wuri a cikin Tsohon World.

The doki yana da wani na kwarai matsayi matsayin ado banner tun yana da wani aminci Knights da tauraron dan adam. Yana wakiltar ba kawai da gudu da kuma hazaka, amma kuma ƙarfin hali. The doki ne ko da yaushe aka nuna a profile.

Deer, ya ko da yaushe aka dauke mai daraja dabba, ya mashahuri a cikin daraja iyalansu. Warriors iya amfani da siffarta matsayin shaida na tursasawa daga maƙiyansu, saboda horned gandun daji yan kanshin su kuma abin tunkuɗewa macizai.

Boar halin da m fushi, shi daukawa halayya kamar ƙarfin hali da kuma jin tsoro. Matsayin mai mulkin, ya ne wanda aka nuna a profile, duk da haka, na faruwa ne kawai boar ta kai.

ƙarshe

Yau ne rayayye nazarin tarihi na heraldry. Ta tun bayyanar ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun images of da na da mulkin gargajiya al'umma. Bambanta alamar ya hujja da na ga iyali da kuma aji. Raguwar ban sha'awa a cikin sabon abu kayyade a cikin XVIII karni. A tsawon lokaci, ya zama m hotuna na mulkin gargajiya saurã, ya zauna a matsayin "fuska" na birane da kuma jihohi.