Electron aiki aiki: a wuya rabuwar

A yi, ko da wani injiniya wajen m jiki Concepts iya zama da muhimmanci ƙwarai. Alal misali, electron aiki aiki wani karfe - wani misali darajar da developer lantarki tsarin. Hakika, gwani za bukatar more in-zurfin ilmi, dangane da kayan da wanda ya yi aiki. Wannan darajar ba kawai karfe, amma wani daskararru, ciki har da semiconductors. Idan muka yi la'akari da wata biyu biyu semiconductors amfani da yawanci Anderson. Amma idan ya ce abu ne shiga zuwa karfe, shi ne amfani kullum Schottky-Mott. Duk da haka, da lissafin zai kasance m, da kuma babban rawa a wannan wasa da karfafawa na makamashi matakan da Fermi.

definition

A m jihar kimiyyar lissafi, da aiki aiki - wannan m thermodynamic sakamako (shi ne kuma makamashi) da ake bukata a cire wani electron daga wani m da aka sanya a cikin wani batu na ta surface. All jimlace lissafin aka sanya a kan zato cewa a kusa da jiki - wani injin. An located nisa isa cikin sikelin size na zarra, amma rufe isa ya zama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani lantarki filin a wani wuri. The aiki aiki - wannan ba wani halayyar da kayan abun da ke ciki, amma wajen ingancin ta surface. An alaka da peculiarities na crystal fuska da kuma digiri na samu.

A msar tambayar dabara

The aikin aiki ne numerically daidai da Naira Miliyan Xari biyu kuzari. Da fari dai, adadin da ake bukata domin cire wani electron daga zarra tsarin. Abu na biyu, da adadin kuzari da ake so su sanya wani electron a zarra ne surface na m.

Tsanaki!

Wasu jiki mamaki ne sosai m ga lamba darajar da nuna alama "aiki aiki". Wannan dabara, kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama, da ake amfani da shiri na Sauki msar tambayar model, ba more. A gwaje-gwajen, dabi'u na wannan siga iya zama quite daban-daban daga dabara lissafin samu ba tare da kwarewa. Idan surface ne ba sumul ba ne, ba yi kama, cewa lissafin ainihin darajar nasu, to samu empirical data, shi ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu.

Ji hanyoyin kungiyar

electron aikin aikin da aka lasafta ta hanyoyin da dama, kuma a kan tushen da mabanbanta jiki mamaki. Total rarrabe tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu na gwaji hanyoyin. Cikakkar amfani electron watsi daga wani samfurin, tsokani photoemission, high-zazzabi murhu filin ko saki electrons. Dangi da hanyoyin amfani da lamba m bambanci tsakanin gwajin samfurin da reference lantarki.

Yana da quite wuya a hango ko hasashen da girma da aiki aiki tare da high ainihin ba tare da gudanar da wani matukin jirgi binciken. Amma akwai wasu dabarun zamani da cewa masana kimiyya sun gano a tsawon shekaru tare da wannan sabon abu. Kusan ko da yaushe kasa da darajar for karafa da wani bude raga. Domin wawa fuskoki da crystal ne mafi girma fiye da na burge. Bayyana wadannan mamaki suna da quite shakka. A wani bude raga electron weaker, kuma a wani m kwana na waje da tasirinsa a zarra aka sanya sauki.