The al'adu juyin juya halin a kasar Sin

The Great Proletarian Al'adu juyin juya halin - shi ne mai zaman jama'a gwaji, ta kaddamar a shekarar 1966 a karkashin shugabancin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, Mao Zedong, yin saiti don tabbatar da cewa sabon "ƙone" neman sauyi ruhu da kuma kawar da jam'iyyar na "bourgeois abubuwa".

Origins of Al'adu juyin juya halin za a iya gano tun cikin tsakiyar 1950s, a lokacin da Mao tsanani halarci wani matsala da cewa kasar tana motsi daga gurguzanci da yake a hanya, a "na maido da tsarin jari-hujja." A ra'ayi na gwagwarmaya tsakanin proletarian da bourgeois akidar soma sabon, insidious form, a bãyan an shafe ta da jari hujja azuzuwan.

Mao zo ga ƙarshe cewa tushen da kasar Sin ta siyasa komawa da baya da ƙarya, kuma m view of yawa daga cikin yan siyasa da abokan aiki na karkashin gurguzanci, da aji gwagwarmaya ya daina. A ra'ayinsa, jami'an gwamnati sun zama "sabon aji", m daga talakawa da kuma masana sun "matattarã" bourgeois, ko da mulkin gargajiya dabi'u.

Duk da haka, da al'adu juyin juya halin a kasar Sin shi ma gwagwarmayar ikon, a cikin abin da gaba Great helmsman, yin kawar da 'yan hamayya, kokarin sake samu yiwuwa, wanda ya rasa a sakamakon kasawa a cikin siyasa na Great Tsautsayi Forward.

Yana da aka kyan gani, by Mao a matsayin wani kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar sabon "ƙarni na neman sauyi mãsu mayẽwa" - wadanda suka kai ga nasarar da jam'iyyar kwaminis.

Da zaran waɗanda aka yi ĩmãni ya yi jagoranci kasar Sin baya ga tsarin jari-hujja, da aka cire daga kan mulki, a kowane rukuni na jama'a, gurguzu cibiyoyin fara wani tsari naúrar, "da germs na kwaminisanci." Elitism a ilimi sauya update cewa siyasa manhaja dangane da akida correctness da siyasa aiki.

China yana da wani dogon hadisi da "inshe" (inuwa halaka) da wanda marubuta amfani da Misalin ya soki lamirin manyan jami'an kasar. A gaskiya, da al'adu juyin juya halin a kasar Sin ya fara da tuhuma da "inshe" dangane da tarihi da wasan kwaikwayo "sallama daga Hai Jui," da aka rubuta ta hanyar tarihi da Ghanem, wanda ga wani allusion da rabo daga Marshal Pen Dehuaya, wanda aka sallami bayan sukar da manufofin Mai girma Tsautsayi Forward.

A gaskiya, shi ya m, amma Mao bi da samfurin tare da m muhimmancin, musamman tun lokacin da lokacin da jam'iyyar ta fara samar da ƙungiyõyin, m da manufofin na Mao Zedong. Yana da aka umurce su da su cikin jaridu karfi da mãsu yin baƙi marubucin sunan, to, wanda aka dauka a cikin kaso, inda ya mutu bayan m duka. Wu Han ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko wadanda ke fama da al'adu juyin juya halin. A shekarar 1979, bayan mutuwar Mao, ya aka posthumously gyara.

Bayan Wu Han m Maoists hanzari tsarkake daga sauran "dama" al'adu cibiyoyin, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo ya zama wata babbar dandamali ga "Gang na hudu", Tszyan Tsin sulusi da murabba'i (Ministan Al'adu da Mao matar), to kai farmaki su abokan hamayyar siyasa.

"Gang na Hudu" (Tszyan Tsin, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Van Hunven tare da kungiyoyin kusa "masana" to sarrafa duk :. Movie Studios, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wasan kwaikwayo kamfanonin, rediyo duk da haihuwa fina-finan da aka cire daga birgima kawai a juyin juya halin a kasar Sin da kuma related. takwas jigogi da aka bayyana a cikin fina-finai, Theatrical plays. Har yara ma ta yar tsana sinimomi aka rufe a karkashin inuwar na counter-neman sauyi hali. artists, marubuta, artists, kurkuku ko kõre. wasan Peking Opera troupes aka wargaza, don haka AK ta fada karkashin category na "hudu survivals." Red Guards ƙone tsohon littattafai, lalata gine-gine da Monuments, tsoho littattafan tsage, karye art tukwane. The nauyi na al'adu dabi'u da aka rasa irretrievably.

The al'adu juyin juya halin a kasar Sin, wanda yana da wani hadadden kuma m tarihi za a iya raba uku main bulan: wani m, soja da kuma maye.

Bulk lokaci (1966-1969) - mafi hallakaswa, lokacin da kasar Sin da ke a cikin riko da "ja gadi" (Red Guard) sojoji, halitta fiye da miliyan 20 dalibai a makarantun sakandare da kuma dalibai. Su karɓa kira zuwa na Mao ta "yin juyin juya hali" ya nuna m himma a cikin search na "aji makiya" duk inda suka kasance sunã ɓõyewa. A wannan mataki, mafi yawan 'yan hamayya Mao aka kifar a cikin mafi girma echelons da iko, ciki har da shugaban kasar Sin Lyu Shaotsi.

Soja lokaci (1969-1971) ya fara bayan da jama'ar kasar Liberation Army ya cimma wani mahimmin matsayi a kasar Sin siyasa, stifling, tare da amincewa da Mao ta Red Guards rashin tsari. Yana kawo karshen zargin yunkurin juyin mulki a watan Satumba na shekarar 1971 disgruntled magaji zuwa Mao, ministan tsaron kasar Lin Biao.

Phase mayẽwa (1972-1976) - wani m siyasa da akida "Tug na yaki" tsakanin m akidar da tsohon cadres, yanke shawarar da ya karbi ko ci gaba da manufofin da al'adu juyin juya halin. A rikici ne mai hadaddun gwagwarmaya, a lokacin da kasar consistently gudu biyu main shugabannin CCP - Shugaba Mao da kuma Premier Zhou Enlai. Hukunci mutu aka jefa a lokacin da mambobi ne na "Gang na Hudu" (wata daya bayan mutuwar shugaba Mao), wani kawance na matsakaici shugabannin da aka kama a watan Oktoba 1976. The al'adu juyin juya halin a kasar Sin da aka yi ĩmãni ya zama a kan kama da "Gang na hudu".