Mene ne CIS? CIS kasashe - jerin. map CIS

CIS - Union of Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar ya da wani International Association, wanda aiki ne ya kamata tsari na hadin gwiwa tsakanin jamhuriyoyin cewa sanya up Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ba wani supranational abokai. Tsakanin batutuwa da aiki na kungiyoyin bayar ga wani son rai-akai. Mene ne CIS da kuma abin da yake da rawar a dangantakar kasa da kasa? Yadda aka samuwar na Commonwealth? Mene ne muhimmancin daban-daban masu ruwa da tsaki a ci gaba? Game da wannan daga baya a cikin labarin. A wadannan ma za a ba taswirar CIS.

ilimi kungiyoyi

Halittar kungiyar dauki bangare a cikin Ukrainian SSR, da RSFSR da Byelorussian SSR. A shekarar 1991, 8 Disamba, a cikin Bialowieza m yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu a kan gandun daji. The daftarin aiki, wanda kunshi 14 articles da Preamble ya bayyana cewa, Tarayyar Soviet suka daina wanzuwa a matsayin batu na geopolitical gaskiya da kuma dokokin kasa da kasa. Amma a kan tushen da tarihi al'umma da kuma dangantaka tsakanin mutane, bisa ga hadin yarjejeniyar, da so don ƙirƙirar a mulkin demokra] Jihar doka, kazalika da niyyar ci gaba da dangantaka da juna a kan tushen girmama juna da kuma amincewa daga mulki, halartar jam'iyyun sun amince su samar da wani International Association.

ƙulla da wata yarjejeniya

Riga rana ta goma Disamba Verkhovna Rada da Ukraine da kuma Belarus sun ba doka karfi da daftarin aiki. Disamba 12 yarjejeniyar da aka ƙulla da Rasha majalisar. Mafiya yawa (188) en "for", "kaurace" - 7 "da" - 6. Kashegari, 13th, ya gana da shugaban na tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin cewa kasance wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet. Sun kasance sũ ne wakilan Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan. A sanarwa da aka girke a sakamakon wannan taron. Yana shugabannin bayyana su yarda da su shiga cikin CIS (deciphering abbreviations - Commonwealth of Independent States).

An muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga samuwar kungiyoyin ya tabbatar da daidaici na batutuwa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma amincewa da duk su a matsayin wadanda suka kafa. Daga baya Nazarbayev (Shugaban Kazakhstan) sanya wani tsari don tsara wani taro a Alma-Ata, inda kasashe na CIS , wanda za a jera a kasa, zai ci gaba da kara tattaunawa da kuma tallafi na hadin gwiwa mafita.

Ganawa a Alma-Ata

A babban birnin kasar Kazakhstan ya isa 11 wakilan da tsohon jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet kafin. Sun kasance sũ ne da shugabannin Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Rasha, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan da kuma Belarus. Akwai wani wakilai daga Georgia, Estonia, Lithuania da kuma Latvia. A sakamakon haka, da yake da'awarsu, aka sanya hannu a kan taron. A da shi da akida, da kuma manufofin da sabon Commonwealth da aka gabatar.

Bugu da kari, daftarin aiki ya ƙunshi arziki da duk CIS jihohi zai motsa jiki da hulda a daidai yanayin ta hanyar bunkasa cibiyoyin. A karshen, bi da bi, kafa a kan wani parity akai. Aiki da wadannan bunkasa cibiyoyin ya zama daidai da yarjejeniya tsakanin CIS abokai (kwafi sama). A lokaci guda kiyaye hadin gwiwa iko a kan soja da kuma dabarun hari, makaman nukiliya.

Magana ne game da abin da CIS, dole ne a ce cewa wannan ƙungiya ba nufa na kowa iyakar - kowane jumhuriya, da ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet riƙe su da ikon mallaka, gwamnatin, shari'a tsarin. A lokaci guda halittar Commonwealth ne misalta sadaukar da samuwar da kuma ci gaban kowa da tattalin arziki zone.

map CIS

Territoriralno Commonwealth ya kasa da Tarayyar Soviet. Wasu tsohon jamhuriyoyin ba nuna bukatarsa ya shiga cikin CIS. Duk da haka, da ƙungiyar a matsayin dukan dauki quite a geopolitical sarari. Mafi yawa daga cikin batutuwa kokarin hadin gwiwa kan daidai gabãtarwar, yayin da rike da mutunci.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa taron Disamba 21 jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet da gudummawar da kammala hira da CIS kasashe. List kara Moldova da kuma Azerbaijan, wanda ya zama na karshe don tabbatar da daftarin aiki a kan kafa na Commonwealth. Har a wannan lokaci sun yi ne kawai aboki mambobi ne na jam'iyya. Wannan ya na da muhimmanci milestone a cikin al'umma-ginin duk post-Soviet sarari. A shekarar 1993, Georgia da aka kunshe a cikin jerin daga cikin CIS. Daga cikin mafi girma a birane a Commonwealth ya kamata a kira Minsk, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Uzbekistan, Alma-Ata, Moscow.

ƙungiya al'amurran da suka shafi

A Minsk a taron na Disamba 30 na CIS kasashe hannu rikon yarjejeniyar. The m jiki na Commonwealth da aka kafa bisa ga a nan. Majalisar kunshi shugabannin batutuwa na kungiyar.

Magana ne game da abin da CIS, dole ne a ce game da yadda za a kayyade yanke hukunci. Kowane Commonwealth mahaluži yana daya kuri'a. A total shawarar da aka sanya a kan tushen da yarjejeniya.

A wani taro a Minsk kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya gudãnar da iko a kan sojojin kasar da kuma Border Sojojin. A cewar shi, kowane batu yana da hakkin ya haifar da kansa sojojin. A shekarar 1993, ya kammala ƙungiya lokaci.

Janairu 22 na wannan shekara a Minsk, da Yarjejeniya da aka soma. Wannan daftarin aiki ya zama na asali zuwa ga kungiyar. A shekarar 1996, 15 Maris, a wani taron da jihar Duma na Rasha Federation soma Resolution 157-II HD. Yana ƙayyade da inganci na sakamakon zaben raba gardama da aka gudanar a 1991, 17 Maris, da adana da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin uku sakin layi yana nufin tabbatar da cewa wata yarjejeniya a kan samuwar Commonwealth, aka ba su yarda da Congress of Mutane ta wakilai, - da mafi sashen jihar da iko a Tarayyar Soviet - bai mallaki kuma yana da babu doka da karfi tare da girmamawa ga cessation na ci gaba zama na Tarayyar Soviet.

Rasha ta rawa a cikin Commonwealth

A cikin Rasha kwamitin sulhu taron Shugaba Putin ya yi magana. Vladimir Vladimirovich bayyana cewa Rasha da kuma CIS kai wani hukunci lokacin a ci gaba. A wannan batun, kamar yadda muka gani da shugaban kasar, shi wajibi ne, ko don cimma wani ingantaccen tabbatarwa daga cikin Commonwealth da kuma samuwar a kan ta da asali suna da gaske aiki, wanda yana da wasu tasiri daga yankin tsarin a duniya, ko in ba haka ba geopolitical sarari jiran "blur", inda da ban sha'awa na Commonwealth tsakanin talakawansa Yana za a ba fashi rasa.

Da zarar ya sha wahala da yawa gagarumin kasawa a cikin harkokin siyasa tsakanin jamhuriyoyin, da sanya up Tarayyar Soviet (Moldova, Jojiya da kuma Ukraine) a cikin Maris 2005, gwamnatin Rasha, a tsakiyar rikicin, da Kyrgyzstan hukuma Putin yi magana quite emphatically. Ya lura da cewa, duk da acin rai ne sakamakon wani wuce haddi na tsammanin. A takaice, shugaban na Rasha Federation gane cewa kaddara guda a raga, amma a gaskiya dukan tsari ne gaba daya daban-daban.

Tambayoyi Commonwealth kwanciyar hankali

Saboda girma centrifugal matakai faruwa a cikin CIS, ya sha nanata tada fitowar na bukatar kawo canji da ƙungiya. Duk da haka, yarjejeniya a kan m shugabanci na wannan yunkuri ba. A Yuli na yau da kullum da taron a 2006, watau shekarar da za Commonwealth shugabannin batutuwa, Nazarbayev samarwa da dama da waɗansu alãmõmi a kan wanda ya mayar da hankali kan aikin.

Shugaban kasar na farko da Kazakhstan, dauke da shi dole ya jitu hijirarsa manufofin. Dole, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne ci gaban da kowa kai sadarwa da hadin gwiwa a yaki da giciye-iyakar laifi, kazalika da hadin gwiwa a al'adu, kimiyya da ilimi da duniyoyin.

Kamar yadda muka gani a kafofin watsa labarai, shakka game da tasiri da kuma viability na Commonwealth hade da wani yawan cinikin yaƙe-yaƙe. A cikin wadannan crises, da Rasha Federation tsayayya da Moldova, Jojiya da kuma Ukraine. CIS, a cewar wasu masu sa ido, ya kan gãɓar na rayuwa. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta da abubuwan kwanan nan - cinikayya rikice-rikice tsakanin Georgia da Rasha. A cewar wasu manazarta, da Rasha takunkumi a kan Commonwealth batu ya unprecedented. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda muka gani da yawa masu sa ido, da manufofin da na Russian Federation girmama a cikin post-Soviet jihohi a matsayin dukan karshen shekarar 2005 da kuma na CIS musamman kafa ta "Gazprom" (Rasha gas kenkenewa). The kudin na man fetur kawota, a cewar wasu mawallafa, wani irin azaba, kuma a wajen inganta Commonwealth of batutuwa, dangane da siyasa da hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha.

"Oil and gas dangantakar"

Magana ne game da abin da CIS, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ma maganar da batun ɗayantuwa da ke dukkan batutuwa. Su ne low cost na man fetur tsĩrar daga ƙasa na Rasha Federation. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2005, da shekara a watan Yuli, an sanar da cewa a hankali a hankali karuwa a gas farashin ga Baltic kasashen. The kudin da aka kara zuwa Turai matakin na $ 120-125 / dubu ^M3. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara da aka sanar da karuwa da man fetur farashin for Georgia daga 2006, zuwa $ 110, kuma tare da 2007 - har zuwa $ 235.

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2005, an yi ta ƙara gas farashin for Armenia. Cost na Madubin ya zama $ 110. Duk da haka, da Armenian hukumomi sun nuna damuwarsu cewa Jamhuriyar ba zai iya sayan man fetur a cewa farashin. Rasha ya miƙa sha'awa-free rance, rance wanda zai iya biya diyya da halin kaka girma. Duk da haka, Armenia ya gabatar da wani version na Rasha Federation - a matsayin madadin don canja wurin ikon mallakar daya daga cikin tubalan na mata na Hrazdan thermal Power Plant, kazalika da dukan gas sufuri cibiyar sadarwa a kasar. Duk da haka, duk da gargadin da Armenian gefen game da yiwu illar da kara farashin ƙaruwa, kasar kawai gudanar ya jinkirta da karuwa a darajar.

Domin Moldova, da farashin karuwa aka sanar a shekarar 2005, da shekara. By 2007, da farashin da aka amince da sabon wadata. Fuel farashin da aka $ 170. By Disamba, an amince samar da man fetur zuwa Azerbaijan a kasuwar darajar. A shekara ta 2006, farashin ya $ 110, kuma ta 2007 da aka shirya bayarwa na $ 235.

By Disamba 2005, rikici ya barke tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine. Tun Janairu 2006, an sanar da farashin karuwa zuwa $ 160. Kamar yadda kara tattaunawa kasance m, Rasha tada farashin zuwa $ 230. A wasu hanyoyi, a wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi a cikin gas batun yake a Belarus. By Maris na shekarar 2005, da Rasha Federation sanar da karuwa a farashin bayarwa. Duk da haka, ta hanyar Afrilu 4, Putin ya yi alkawarin ci gaba da farashin a wannan matakin. Amma bayan da zaben shugaban kasa domin Belarus shi aka sake sanar da farashin ƙaruwa. Bayan doguwar tattaunawar a kan 2007-2011 kudin da aka saita a $ 100.

Da muhimmancin da Commonwealth abokai a cikin man da gas dangantakar

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin wasu abubuwa, a lokacin 2006, gwamnatin Rasha ya yi yunkurin ilimi a kan tushen da wani jam'iyya na CIS. Yana da aka zaci cewa 'yan kungiyar sun zama batutuwa na Commonwealth, ko ta wani hanya related to gas da kuma man fetur bututun, gane, haka ma, da jagorancinsa na Rasha a matsayin kenkenewa maroki na makamashi habaka zuwa Turai daga tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. A wannan yanayin, da kasashen makwabta sun ko dai yi aikin kaya da kansa gas zuwa Rasha bututun, ko kuma su zama sufuri ƙasa. A matsayin jingina da wannan makamashi jam'iyya ya shafi wani canji ko sayar da makamashi kai da kuma samar da makamashi dukiya.

Saboda haka, misali, tare da Turkmenistan cimma yarjejeniya a kan fitar da kaya na gas ta hanyar bututun "Gazprom". A Uzbekistan akwai ci gaban da Rasha adibas na gida kamfanoni. A Armenia a cikin ikon mallakar "Gazprom" shi ne wani bututun iskar gas daga kasar Iran. Har ila yau, wata yarjejeniya da aka kai tare da Moldova da cewa gida gas kamfanin "Moldovgaz", rabin abin da ya kamãta da "Gazprom", don en ƙarin hannun jari, yin biyan bashin a matsayin gas rarraba cibiyar sadarwa.

m views

Mene ne CIS a yau? Binciken kwanan nan, tarihi na Commonwealth of batutuwa, ba shi yiwuwa ba su lura da yawan rikice-rikice a daban-daban matakan. Known ko soja rikicin - biyu inter- da ciki-jiha. Don wannan rana, shi ya kasance warware matsalar ba matsala na manifestations na kabilanci rashin ha} uri, ba bisa doka ba shige da fice. Bugu da kari, har yanzu suna da wani wuri da kuma tattalin arziki rikice-rikice tsakanin Rasha a hannu daya kuma Ukraine da Belarus a kan sauran.

Babban matsalar warware shi ne batun kayayyaki tariffs. Akai-akai Rasha a matsayin batu na most Commonwealth (taswirar Rasha da kuma CIS, da nuna wannan da aka gabatar a kasa) da ciwon mafi girma tattalin arziki da soja m, da ake zargi da cin moriyar yarjejeniya, musamman shirye-shirye domin gudanar da leken asiri da ayyukan a cikin ƙasa. Daga mai geopolitical ra'ayi, da CIS yau yana da wani m burin su koma a wasu hanya a baya, a lokacin da duk halin yanzu data kasance sarki jihohin da abin ya shafa a farko da Rasha Empire sa'an nan tarayyar Soviet. A halin yanzu, a gaskiya, da na aikin jagoranci na Rasha Federation a jawabansa, kuma ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai sau da yawa bayyana zargi da gwamnati na sauran kasashen Commonwealth abokai. Mafi sau da yawa 'yan International Association tuhuma da raini da suka gabata, wanda shi ne na kowa a cikin ayyuka a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da raya kasashen turai (musamman Amurka), da revanchist sentiments (musamman, da misali daga events 2nd World War a cikin haske, sabanin abin da na al'ada duniya kuma Soviet-Russian historiography).