Me ya sa ganye suke kore? Me ya sa suke bukatar shi?

Tsire-tsire - daya daga cikin wurare biyar na halittu masu rai na duniya. Suna cikin eukaryotes, wato, ga halittun wanda kwayoyin halitta sun ƙunshi tsakiya.

Tsarin shuka

Za su iya kasancewa marasa maɓalli ko multicellular. A karshen kasu kashi sassan kamar kore, launin ruwan kasa da kuma ja algae, spore, gymnosperms da angiosperms. Gwargwadon ƙwayar algae zai iya kunshi ko dai tantanin tantanin halitta ko mutane da yawa, amma babu wani sifofi a cikin tsarin su, an kira jiki mai suna thallus. A spore, gymnosperms da angiosperms (flowering), akwai nau'o'in yaduwa da gabobin daban-daban. Wadannan rassan sun kasu kashi masu cin ganyayyaki. Na farko shi ne mafita (tushe da ganye), da tushe. Mutane da yawa suna da sha'awar wannan tambaya: "Me ya sa ganye suke kore?" Me yasa wannan launi? Har ila yau, yara da yawa sun tambayi wannan tambaya: "Me ya sa ganye suke kore?" Kuma wannan labarin za mu fara da wannan batu.

Me ya sa ganye suke kore?

Wannan launi ne saboda gaban chlorophyll. A cikin kaka wannan alade ya ɓace, kuma ganye mai duhu ya juya zuwa ja, orange ko rawaya. Me yasa muke bukatar wannan abu? Yana da muhimmanci ga shuka. Ba tare da shi ba, ba za a iya aiwatar da photosynthesis ba, ta hanyar abin da aka samar da gina jiki. Magunguna sunadarai sun samo asali ne kawai saboda sakamakon wannan tsari. Duk da haka, wasu nau'in dake zaune a cikin fadin daji ba su sami isasshen haske ga photosynthesis mai girma, saboda haka suna neman farauta don ƙananan kwari, saboda haka suna ramawa saboda rashin mahadi. Wadannan sun hada da sundew, takalman Venus, da sauransu.

A taƙaice game da tsarin kwayar shuka

Ya kunshi da jini membrane, cell bango na cellulose, da cytoplasm, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu gabbansa da kuma tsakiya da cewa shi ne DNA. Cytoplasm yana dauke da irin waɗannan abubuwa: mitochondria, ribosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, vacuole (a cikin tsohon cell - daya babba, a cikin matasa - ƙananan ƙananan), Golgi da kuma plastids (chloroplasts, leukoplasts, chromoplasts). Kowace daga cikinsu ya yi aikin ta aiki. Mitochondria samar da makamashi, ribosomes haduwa sunadarai, endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) tsirarwa sia vacuoles tara maras so abubuwa kamar yadda gubar su fita saboda wuya cell bango ne ba zai yiwu, a cikin chloroplast ne a cikin tsari na photosynthesis, chromoplasts dauke da pigments, leucoplasts adana kayayyakin gina jiki ( M, shi ne sitaci).

Ta yaya photosynthesis ya faru?

Ana aiwatar da wannan tsari a cikin chloroplasts, wadanda suke cikin cytoplasm na tantanin halitta. Wadannan organelles ne guda-membrane, su tsarin hada yourlakoids - na bakin ciki faranti tattara zuwa granules - tara. Yana da a cikinsu cewa chlorophyll yana ƙunshe - shi ya sa ganye ke kore. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin chloroplasts sun ƙunshi ribosomes da suka hada da samar da sunadarai, hatsi sita, da kwayoyin DNA kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya ƙunshi bayani game da abubuwan da dole ne a hada su cikin tantanin halitta. A kan aiwatar da photosynthesis, shuke-shuke sha hasken rana, ruwa da carbon dioxide da kuma bayar da kashe oxygen a matsayin ta-samfurin halayen. Enzymes da ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da hulɗar sunadarai sune kai tsaye cikin matrix na chloroplast (abu mai cika shi).

Menene ganye suka kunshi?

Wannan jiki iya gane da dama iri shuka nama, su ne hudu. Wannan epidermis, mesophyll, gudanar da nama (xylem da phloem), da kuma inji nama. Photosynthesis yakan faru ne a cikin mesophyll, ko parenchyma. Kuna iya ganin kwayoyin ganye a karkashin wani microscope. Wannan shi ne babba na sama - epidermis. Kwayoyinsa suna kusa da juna, amma a cikin wannan Layer akwai ƙwayoyin da zasu iya karɓar carbon dioxide kuma su saki oxygen, kuma su tsara ruwa da ma'aunin zafin jiki. Parenchyma (mesophyll) an raba zuwa kashi biyu - daya daga cikin sassan columnar, ɗayan - daga cikin kwayoyin jini. Na farko ya ƙunshi karin chloroplasts fiye da na biyu. Xylem yana wakiltar jiragen ruwa wanda aka ba da ruwa daga asalinsu zuwa ganyayyaki, wanda yake sama, kuma phloem yana kunshe da nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i wanda aka kawo ruwa zuwa ƙasa. Kayan kayan injuna suna samar da takarda da rigidity da kwanciyar hankali, wani siffar.