Kasashen duniya da ke cikin kogin Indiya. Nazarin Indiya ta Indiya

Mafi mahimmancin tushen tushen rayuwa shine teku. Kowane kogi biyar a duniyarmu shine ainihin kantin kayan duniya. Kuma idan an san dabbobin dabbobin dabbobin duniya, to sai an gano wasu mazaunan zurfin teku, suna cikin ɓoye a cikin zurfin teku.

Wannan kawai yana sha'awar masu ilimin zane, masana kimiyya da sauran masana kimiyya. Nazarin teku, daga halaye na jiki da kuma ƙare da bambancin rayuwa a ciki, yana tsaye a gaba a yau. Ka yi la'akari da tsarin duniya na Tekun Indiya a matsayin daya daga cikin masu arziki a cikin tsarin rayuwa.

Halaye na Tekun Indiya

Daga cikin teku, Indiya na cikin wuri na uku a cikin yankin ruwa wanda aka shafe shi (bayan Atlantic da Pacific). Abubuwan da ke cikin Ruwa na Indiya za a iya bayyana su da mahimman bayanai masu yawa:

1. Ocean Abuja - game da 77 miliyan km ^{2 ..}
2. Tsarin duniya na Tekun Indiya ya bambanta sosai.
3. A girma daga ruwa - 283,5 miliyan. M ^3.
4. Da nisa daga cikin teku game da 10 thous. Km ^2.
5. Yankewa a duk faɗin duniya na Eurasia, Afirka, Australia da Antarctica.
6. Gulfs (raunuka) da kuma teku suna da kashi 15% na teku.
7. Kasashen mafi girma shine Madagascar.
8. Mafi girma zurfin kusa da tsibirin Java a Indonesia - fiye da kilomita 7.
9. Average total ruwa zazzabi - 15-18 ⁰ C. A kowane wuri a cikin tẽku (kusa da kan iyaka da tsibiran a cikin teku, da bays), da yawan zafin jiki na iya bambanta muhimmanci.

Nazarin Indiya ta Indiya

Sanin wannan abu na ruwa ya kasance daga tsohuwar lokaci. Shi ne haɗin haɗawa a cikin cinikin kayan kayan yaji, yadudduka, furs da wasu kaya tsakanin mutanen Farisa, Misira da Afrika.

Duk da haka, nazarin Indiya ta Tsakiya ya fara da yawa daga baya, a lokacin shahararrun masanin fassarar Vasco da Gama (tsakiyar karni na XV). Shi ne wanda ya cancanci gano Indiya, wanda aka girmama dukkan teku.

Har zuwa Vasco da Gama, yana da sunayen daban-daban tsakanin al'ummomin duniya: Kogin Eritrea, Bahar Ruwa, Indigo Pelagos, Bar El Hind. Duk da haka, a cikin karni na karni Pliny Dattijai ya kira shi Oceanus Indicus, wanda aka fassara daga harshen Latin a matsayin "Tekun Indiya".

Hanyar zamani da kimiyya ta zamani don nazarin tsari na kasa, abin da ke cikin ruwaye, mazaunan dabbobi da shuka sun fara ne kawai daga karni na XIX. Yau, duniya dabba ta Tekun Indiya tana da amfani mai amfani da kimiyya, da kuma teku kanta. Masana kimiyya a Rasha, Amurka, Jamus da wasu ƙasashe suna aiki sosai a cikin wannan batu, ta hanyar amfani da fasaha mafi girma (na'urorin karkashin ruwa, sararin samaniya).

Hoton tsarin duniya

Tsarin duniya na Tekun Indiya yana da bambanci. Daga cikin wakilan flora da fauna akwai nau'ikan da suke da mahimmanci kuma suna da wuya.

Ta bambancinta, yanayin ruwa na teku yana kama da cewa a cikin Pacific (mafi daidai, a cikin yammacin sa). Wannan shi ne saboda kullun karkashin ruwa a tsakanin wadannan tekuna.

Gaba ɗaya, ana iya haɗa dukkanin tsarin duniya na ruwansu a kungiyoyi biyu bisa ga mazauninsu:

1. Yankin yanki na Tekun Indiya.
2. Sashen Antarctic.

Kowannensu yana da nasa yanayin yanayin hawan dutse, kogin ruwa, abubuwan abiotic. Saboda haka, bambancin kwayoyin halitta ya bambanta da abun da ke ciki.

Bambancin rayuwa a cikin teku

Tsarin wurare masu zafi na wannan jiki na jiki yana cike da nau'o'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in dabbobi da tsire-tsire. Algae, irin su trihodismium ba tare da yaduwa ba, ana daukar su ne na kowa. Haɗarsu a cikin tuddai na teku yana da girman cewa yawan launi na ruwa ya canza.

Har ila yau, a wannan yanki, irin wadannan nau'o'in algae suna wakiltar tsarin duniya na Tekun Indiya:

• Sargasso algae;
• Turbines;
• Caulerps;
• Phytotamia;
• Halimedes;
• Mangrove thickets.

Daga cikin ƙananan dabbobi, mafi kyau suna da haske a cikin dare da wakilan plankton: fis, siphonophores, ctenophores, bawo, perideneae, jellyfish.

Ƙasar Antarctic na Tekun Indiya tana wakiltar fucus, laminaria, porphyry, galidium, babbar macrocystis. Kuma wakilan mulkin dabbobi (kananan) suna zaune a copepods, euphuazids, diatomsi.

Kifi mara kyau

Sau da yawa dabbobi na Tekun Indiya suna da wuya ko kuma sababbin abubuwa a cikin bayyanar. Saboda haka, daga cikin yawancin kifaye da yawa akwai sharks, haskoki, mackerel, dolphins, tuna, notothenia.

Idan mukayi magana game da wakilai daban-daban na ichthyofauna, ya kamata a lura da su kamar:

• Coral kifi;
• Ƙari kifi;
• White shark;
• Whale shark.

Yankin kifi a cikin kifi yana da tuna, mackerel, dolphins da noothenia.

Daban dabba

Ƙasar dabba ta Tekun Indiya tana da wakilai na nau'o'i, ɗalibai, iyalai:

1. Pisces.
2. Dabbobi (ƙananan maciji da ƙwararru mai girma).
3. Dabbobi masu shayarwa (maniyyi Whales, like, blue Whales, sei Whales, giwa like, da dabbobin ruwa, Whales ne toothless).
4. Mollusks (giant octopus, octopus, snails).
5. Sponges (gurguntaccen kaya da siliki);
6. Echinoderms (kyawawan teku, masu kyauta, teku urchins, ophiuroids).
7. Crustaceans (crabs, crabs, lobsters).
8. Hydroid (polyps).
9. Mshankovye.
10. Coral polyps (irin reefs na bakin teku).

Irin waɗannan dabbobi kamar yadda tasirin ruwan ke da haske mai haske, suna rayuwa a kasa sosai kuma suna da siffar haɗari tare da zane-zane na jiki. Godiya ga su, ƙasan teku yana da haske da kuma hotuna.

Babban mahaifa ne babban octopus, tsawon tsayin dakalar ya kara zuwa 1.2 m. Jiki ne, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba fiye da 30 cm tsawo ba.

Lemun tsami da kayan yaji na silicon suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kasan kasa na Tekun Indiya. Tare da benthic nau'in algae, sun samar da cikakken adibas na calcareous da siliceous adibas.

Mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na wadannan wuraren shine farar fata, wanda girmansa ya kai mita 3. Wani mummunan mummunar mummunan kisan kai, ita ce kusan babbar maɗaukaki na Tekun Indiya.

Kyawawan ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na Tekun Indiya - kifi na murjani. Suna da tsabta da launin shuɗi, suna da launi, siffar elongated. Wadannan kifaye suna da hankali don su ɓuya a cikin rassan murjani na coral polyps, a can ba za su iya samo kowane mutum ba.

Hanyoyin da aka haɗu da Indiya ta Indiya sun ba da damar fauna ta zama bambanta da ban sha'awa cewa yana janye wadanda suke so suyi nazari.

Kayan lambu

Taswirar gefuna na Ƙasar Indiya tana ba da cikakken ra'ayi akan abin da ke kan iyaka. Kuma yana farawa daga wannan, yana da sauƙi don yin la'akari da abin da 'yan kayan lambu na teku zasu kasance.

Samun kusanci zuwa Pacific Ocean na inganta yaduwar launin launin ruwan kasa da launin launin launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu launin launin ruwan, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da muhimmancin kasuwanci. Green algae ma wakilci a dukkan sassa na tekun Indiya.

Abin sha'awa da sabon abu shine tsire-tsire na macrocystis. An yi imanin cewa yin shiga cikin wannan katako a cikin jirgi yana da lalacewar lalacewa, saboda suna da sauƙin rasa su kuma ba zai iya fita ba.

Babban ɓangare na shuka duniya tekuna dokoki benthic unicellular, planktonic algae.

Ƙungiyar Indiya ta da muhimmanci

Rashin kifi na dabbobi da tsire-tsire a cikin Tekun Indiya ba a cika su ba kamar yadda yake a cikin zurfin teku da tekuna. Tunda kwanan wata, wannan teku ita ce tashar tanadin duniya, wani tanadi mai mahimman kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Taswirar taswirar Tekun Indiya na iya nuna manyan tsibirin da yankunan ruwa inda ake kifin kifi da ƙira mai mahimmanci da algae:

• Sri Lanka;
• Hindustan;
• Somalia;
• Madagascar;
• Maldives;
• Seychelles;
• Ƙasar Larabawa.

Bugu da kari, dabbobin da ke cikin Tekun Indiya, don mafi yawancin, suna da matukar muhimmanci a game da abinci. Duk da haka, wannan jikin ruwa ba shi da kyau a cikin wannan ma'ana. Babban muhimmanci ga mutane a yau shi ne samun dama ga kasashe daban-daban na duniya, tsibirin da yankunan teku.