Wanda shi ne na farko sarki na Roma?

Gayus Octavius Furin (sunan wannan mutumin a haihuwa) kafa Roman Empire. Smart, m kuma enterprising, zai har abada zama a cikin tarihi. Da shi shi ne m tare da Republican ruhu. A farko sarki na Roma, ya aka dauke su, shahara a karkashin sunan Oktavian Avgust.

Family da kuma ilimi na matasa Octavius

Augustus kansa ko da yaushe dauki kansa (da Suetonius) zuwa ga tsoho da kuma arziki iyali na mahayansu. Mahaifinsa, Gay Oktavy - mai arziki da kuma girmamawa - ya zama wani Sanata. Ya mutu da kuma hagu yara marayu 3. Mafi ban sha'awa a gare mu, dansa da matarsa ta biyu Attii ( 'yar Kaisar), wanda daga baya za a kira Augustus - na farko sarki na Roma, marayu a 4 shekaru.

A cewar Suetonius, ya aka haife kafin alfijir, ko 23, ko 24/09/63 BC. e., mai yiwuwa palantinskom kwata Velitrah (masana tarihi kada ka ware cewa a Roma), inda ya daga baya ya sa Wuri Mai Tsarki. Da 'ya'yansa ta dakin a cikin gidan kakansa a Velitrah ga wasu inexplicable dalilai evoked tsõro da tsoro a cikin wadanda suka shiga cikin shi ba tare da tsarkakewa yanka. Sun Octavius tashe da na kaka, Kaisar ta 'yar'uwarsa, kuma a shekaru 12, ya ba da wani jawabin a ta jana'izar. A shekaru 16 da ya samu daga Kaisar soja awards ga nasarori a Afirka, amma a cikin yaki da kanta ba shiga. Daga baya, ya, ba su ƙarfafa daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani, bi da Kaisar, a Spain kuma samu title of patrician. Kaisar soma ilimi, da hankali, fasaha Octavius a 45 BC. e. A nufin gado kiyaye a cikin Vestal a cikakken sirri. Kaisar aika waliyyinsa a Aboloniya (zamani Albania), domin kammala da ilimi da kuma shirya domin wani sabon yaki.

Legacy da fir'auna (44 BC. E.)

Bayan koyo daga cikin kisan da Kaisar, Octavius shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Roma da kuma shiga gādo. Showing haushi na hasara, ya kuwa yi girma a game matsayin alamar zaman makoki ga fir'auna. A cikin girmamawa, nasarar da, sai ya ciyar da wasan. Af, akwai wani tauraro mai wutsiya, wanda mafi tsoratar da a wannan lokacin. Amma Octavius ya iya shawo Romawa cewa shi ne - allahntaka Kaisar rai.

Samun shahararsa, ya sayar ya kuma ba da Romawa gaji da ɗari uku sesterces. Farko, domin shekaru 12, shi ne na hadin gwiwa tare da hukumar Mark Antony da Marcus Lepidus, kuma daga baya - domin shekaru 44 - autocratically. Kamar yadda a takaice kayyade da rai da cewa jagoranci na farko sarki na Roma.

yaki

Octavius da 5 wars: mutinskuyu, Filibi, peruziyskuyu, Sicilian da Actian. Kamar yadda fansa ga kisan Kaisar, sai ya fara yaki tare da Cassius da Brutus, amma jakadan Antony bai goyi bayan. Sai ya fara yaki tare da Antony. Amma ya abke samu goyon baya daga kwamandojin sojan kasar da kuma sojoji, da kuma saboda Octavius amfani da diplomasiyya da basira da kuma sake hada kai tare da Anthony.

Tanã darkake Brutus, tare suka yi nasarar kammala da Filibi yaki. Anthony aka aiko zuwa Gabas kafa Roman domin. Octavius aka tsunduma a magance Tsohon soji a birni asashe. A wannan lokaci a Perusia an tashe tawaye da kuma ta danniya bayan Agusta ya nuna zaluntar da galabansa.

A Sicilian yaki da Sextus Pompey dade 4 years. An wuya da wani rauni daga cikin Octavia a matsayin soja shugaban da kuma yanayi: hadari hasãra jiragen ruwa. A kira daga Afirka zo da taimakon wani m Mark Lepid da nema farko wuri a jihar. Antony lured sojojinsa kansa kuma Lepidus ga sauran kõre su Circe. Alliance da Antony ya taba karfi.

The yaki ya fara, da kuma a cikin tẽku yakin mataki Antony aka ci. Ya aka tsananta a Alexandria, inda Antony ya dauka tsari da Cleopatra kashe kansa da kuma inda ya kashe kansa. Daga baya, Cleopatra ta dan Caesarion da aka kashe. Saboda haka shi ke faruwa iko a nan gaba farko sarki na Roma.

Principate

By '27 Octavius bar a cikin majalisar dattijai kawai ga mutane da suka kasance da ya bayyana, sãshensu waliyyai, da kuma gabagaɗi, ya ayyana cewa jihar kamata ya kasance a cikin mutane da kuma na majalisar dattijai.

Sanatoci "roƙe" shi ya jagoranci daular, da kuma Octavius ya zama gwamnan dukan lardunan a cikinsa akwai legions, cewa shi ne a kula da dukan sojojinsa. Ya samu title of princeps - na farko Sanata na jihar. Wannan a zahiri yana nufin cewa ya - na farko sarki na Roma. Bugu da kari, ya aka bai wa girmamawa sunan. Saboda haka da farko sarki na Roma ya fara a watan Agusta ( "Allah"). Daga baya, ya zama biyu, babban firist, Pontifex Maximus. dukan iko a kasar da aka mayar da hankali a hannun Augustus: soja, ƙungiyoyin da firistoci. A farko sarki na Roma ya zama autocratic maigidan.

Kasashen waje da manufofin karkashin Augustus

Ya nasarar suka luck da kuma shan kashi, amma a cikin dukan daular aka ƙwarai kumbura. Ƙarƙashin ikon Roma sun Alps, da dama banki na Danube, da dukan Gaul da Pyrenees, Arewacin Afrika, Girka, ƙasar Yahudiya, Syria, da mulkin Bosporus.

Duk wannan ya zama zai yiwu bayan na farko da sarki na Roma ya yi ta gyara daga cikin sojojin, don haka da cewa karshen zama sana'a. Navy aka sauya. A talakawan kan soja suka tafi da 2/3 na haraji tattara.

tattalin arzikin

Lokacin da Augustus da aka shirya a tsare ke bi kudi. Barter wannan dangantaka an dauke dabbanci. A farko sarki na zamanin d Roma ya ƙwarai inganta cinikayya - a babban birnin kasar za'ayi alatu kayan, da kuma a lardunan brisk cinikayya a hatsi, da man zaitun, da ruwan inabi. Yana da aka shafe 'yan fashin teku, da kuma Maritime cinikayya ta wadãta.

Roman Sarkin sarakuna Pride

Brick m Roma hankali ya fara canza a cikin marmara. Carrara marmara tafi da gina haikalin Apollo - na farko manyan Tsarin. Forum (Square) Haikalin Augustus tare da shi a tsaye a kan Mars Ultor ya da wani gagarumin addini gine-gine.

A cikin square akwai wani mutum-mutumi na Augustus a cikin karusarsa. Bagaden Aminci aka gina a cikin girmamawa ga babban rabo a Gaul da kuma Spain. Bugu da kari, cikin farkon m sarki ya fara gudanar wa kansu da dangi yi na kabarin a cikin Campus Martius. Rufin kabarin sarki lashe adadi.

All ya gyara da kuma gina Wuri Mai Tsarki da tamanin da biyu a Roma. Kuma shi muhimmanci girmama masa ainihi, kuma tare da rage rashin aikin yi.

Akwai ya kasance ma wani m ƙungiyoyin yi kamar hanyoyi, tituna, da kasuwanni, warehouses, aqueducts, marẽmari birane Sewerage, jama'a baho, jama'a library.

Yadda aka Augustus

Augustus aka aure sau uku, amma yana daya kawai yaro da matarsa ta biyu - 'yar Julia. Duk da haka, ta libertine hali tilasta sarki ya aika da yarinya ga link.

Waje view daga cikin shahararrun sarakuna ne da aka sani daga Tsira da mutummutumai.

Ya kasance mutum mafitar game da 1 m 70 cm, wanda ya fi da talakawan girma na mutane da cewa lokaci. Amma ya zama kamar ma kasa ga sarki Augustus da haka sa takalma da dandamali. Ya yi farin gashi gashi da idanu da kuma hakora mummuna rare, kuma mai mulkin Roma fata yana da zinariya ya dafa.

harafin

Camfe, imani cewa bata bayan shiriya da mafarkai da kuma kawo bayanai da kuma suke da matukar muhimmanci - wasu daga cikin babban fasali na mutum a watan Agusta. Shi ne sosai ji tsoro na kai hare-hare, don haka a lokacin da Octavian zauna a cikin majalisar dattijai, a karkashin tufafi da ya yi makamai.

Sarauta barci mugun, falke up sau da yawa, wanda shi ya sa ya tashi marigayi. A cikin hunturu shi ne misãlin kuma sanye da dumi tufafi, ya nannade sama da kafafu. By cin abinci na ba m. Ya ci sauki abinci da kuma kadan bugu. The sarki ƙaunar wasan na dan lido, amfani da su yi wasa don kudi, da kuma a Bugu da kari, ya m na kama kifi. Darasi sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na rikitaccen da hannu tare da matasa. Augustus, na farko sarki na Roma, san Greek, amma ba rubuta shi.

kiwon lafiya

Octavian wani mutum daga m, amma rayuwar da na dogon lokaci - 76 years. Ya bai yi haƙuri biyu da zafi da sanyi. Runny hanci tare da shi kusan duk lokacin da tsufa rinjaye rheumatism.

Abin mamaki, sunan farko sarki na Roma sa kuma ta karshe sarki, wanda Sahaban derisively kira ba cikakken sunan, amma kawai Avgustenkom.