Mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar - shi ne ... The hakkoki da abubuwan da matsayi na wani m jamhuriyar. Yadda yawa Rasha m jamhuriyoyin da kuma gundumomi?

Me ake nufi da m jamhuriyar? Da zarar ka karanta wannan labarin, sa'an nan, riga ya tambaye wannan tambaya. Saboda haka, za mu fahimci fara da wani definition. Mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar - wani nau'i na jihar mulkin kai a wasu kasashe, da kuma siyasa kungiyar na yawan zaune a yankin ƙasar da wani cin gashin. Wannan ra'ayi da aka haife shi a Tarayyar Soviet, inda shari'a matsayi na da AR aka ƙaddara da takamaiman kayan abinci na m jumhuriya, da kuma bayan shan "Stalin kundin tsarin mulki" (Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Soviet a 1936) da kuma duk aka gyarawa a dukan manyan dokokin kasar. A baya, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, akwai goma sha shida m jamhuriyoyin. A zamaninmu, da matsayi na AP, memba na Rasha Federation, yana cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea (AKP).

mai cin gashin kanta jamhuriyar

Mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar ne halin da jihar-doka fasali.

1. A ƙasa da dama na yankin mulki (SSR ba tare da yardarka da ƙasa ba za a iya canza).
2. Dan kasa (kowane dan kasa ne dan kasa na RSFSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet).
3. Kundin Tsarin Mulki (a cikin kundin tsarin mulki na RSFSR ya bukatar cewa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da aka dauke ASSR da fasali na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar).
4. Top hukumomi: gwamnatin, mafi girma bangaren shari'a na gabatar da kara.
5. National statehood:

• jama'a hukumomi suna sanya up na gida yawan, watau, mutane suka san harshen da al'adu na yankin.
• Aiki ne da za'ayi biyu a cikin harshen da harshen da mutane na jamhuriyar;
• nasu kasa alamomin: alama, flag, take kuma da babban birnin kasar (a cikin Tarayyar Soviet take ya kasance daya).

6. garanti:

• musamman domin samuwar.
• misali a cikin mafi girman hukumar da ke mulki;
• musamman garanti banza ayyukan da wallafa gwamnati.

Akwai sau

Tun da farko, a Soviet sau, karkarar da RSFSR ya 16 m Soviet gurguzu jamhuriyoyin: Bashkir, Yakut, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkar mai cin gashin kanta ta Tsakiya, Kalmyk, Karelian, Chuvash, Mari, Arewa Ossetia, Tuva, Chechnya-Ingush, Tatar, Komi ASSR Buryatia, Udmurtia, Mordovia. Duk wadannan Rasha m jamhuriyar.

Ka yi la'akari da 'yan na sama m jamhuriyoyin lokacin, kuma tare da su da kuma gabatar da cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea.

Bashkir cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar

Bashkir cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar yana daga cikin RSFSR. Yana da aka kafa bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin Soviet hukumomi da Bashkir gwamnatin a watan Maris shekara ta 1919. Ta zama na farko da cin gashin kanta ta Tsakiya, dake a cikin RSFSR. Wannan shi ne kawai m jamhuriyar, wanda aka kafa a kan tushen da contractual dangantakar. A shekarar 1990, a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, a da'awarsu, aka sanya hannu a kan Jihar Mulki (- Bashkortostan yanzu) da sosai wannan Bashkir SSR.

Karelian ASSR

Karelian cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar soma da kundin tsarin mulki na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin watan Disamba 1936, kuma aka mai suna a Karelian cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar. A cikin watan Yuni 1937, ta soma da kundin tsarin mulki na Kalmyk ASSR, da inscriptions na alama da kuma flag ake yi a 3 harsuna: Rasha, Finnish, kuma Karelian. Kandalaksha yanki da aka canjawa wuri a cikin Murmansk yankin a shekara ta 1938, a watan Mayu. Yana sake tsarafa a Jamhuriyar Karelia a watan Mayu 1991.

Mari ASSR

Mari ASSR (Mari cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar) da aka kafa a 1936, 5 ga watan Disamba. Disamba 22, 1991 tuba zuwa Mari Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar (MSSR).

Chuvash ASSR

Chuvash cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar (Chuvash cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar), da cikin Chuvash mai cin gashin kanta. Daga baya, tare da lokaci, ya kasance daidai, a watan Afrilu 1925, shi ya samu matsayi na wani m jamhuriyar. Bayan wani dogon lokaci, a watan Fabrairu 1992, an sake masa suna daga Chuvash SSR a Chuvash Jamhuriyar.

Yakut ASSR

Yakutia (Yakut cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar) dade daga 1922 zuwa 1991. A lokacin babban Patriotic War, fiye da 49.000 'yan ƙasa na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar yaƙi a gaban, da kuma wasu daga cikin su sun bayar da suna daga cikin manyan - title of Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Yau Yakutia ya canza ba amma a lokaci guda mai kadan, da dukan yankin da aka canza kama zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Sakha. Yana ne ayi a cikin Rasha Federation da kuma wani bangare ne na Far Eastern Tarayya District.

The Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar

Kamar sauran m jamhuriyar a Rasha, da Crimea, ma, na da tarihi da kuma mutuntakarsa. The Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar da yake a baya na RSFSR. ta ilimi da ya faru a 1921, a kan Oktoba 18 da kuma 25 Yuni 1946 da mulkin kai da aka soke da kuma sake masa suna cikin Crimea a lokacin Crimean yankin.

• 1948 - Sevastopol sami matsayi na Republican karkashi na RSFSR.
• A shekarar 1954, a kan Afrilu 26, Crimea yankin da aka fassara a cikin Ukrainian SSR.
• 1991 - mayar da Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar a kan sakamakon zaben raba gardama.
• A shekarar 1992, 26 Fabrairu, ta sake masa suna cikin Jamhuriyar Crimea.
• 1992 (5 May) - Crimean Majalisar Koli rungumi dabi'ar yi na sarki jihar na Jamhuriyar Crimea.
• 1992 (May 6) - soma kundin tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar Crimea.
• 1993 (14 Yuni) - gabatar da post na shugaban kasar na ARC.
• Fabrairu 4, 1994 an zabe shugaban farko, shi ne Yuriy Aleksandrovich Meshkov.

Ukraine vs

ARC kundin tsarin mulki ya yi daidai da kundin tsarin mulki na Ukraine, shi ya ɗauki a 1998, a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba. A lokacin Crimean rikicin (Fabrairu - Maris 2014) shelar 'yancin kai na Crimea. Sakamakon zaben raba gardama, da yankin Crimea da Sevastopol ya zama wani ɓangare na babban Rasha Federation.

Yau Ukraine bai gane Crimea ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Federation, kuma ya wadãtu da ƙasa na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea da Sevastopol matsayin shagaltar. Duk da haka, mafiya yawa daga cikin Crimean sashin yana dauke da cewa su ne ba Ukrainians, wato Rasha mutane. Ko da a baya karatu sun nuna cewa Ukrainian harshe ne 'yan qasar kawai zuwa kananan rabo daga mutane (10% maza), 77% ya ruwaito cewa kawai su' yan qasar Rasha harshen da kyau, da kuma sauran zaba cikin Crimean Tatar (13% maza). Amma duk da cewa wasu mazaunan daban-daban 'yan qasar harsuna, 97% na yawan na Crimea ana amfani da shi don sadarwa ne a Rasha-harshen magana.

Mai cin gashin kanta jamhuriyoyin da kuma gundumar bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet

Tare da nassi daga lokaci ya canza kome da kome, ciki har da jihar, Tarayyar Soviet ya ba togiya. Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet m jamhuriyar - shi ne kawai a labarin, su daina wanzuwa kamar yadda irin wannan (tare da togiya - ARC) a cikin sabon jihar. A zamanin yau, akwai m jamhuriyoyin a Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar) da kuma Georgia (mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Abkhazia da kuma cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Adjara). Ta yaya da yawa m jamhuriyoyin a Rasha? Ba a duk sũ, sun kasance a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma m gundumomi - hudu: Khanty-Mansi, Chukchi, Yamal-Nenets da Nenets.

Mai cin gashin kanta gundumomi (SA)

Ko da yake m jamhuriyar - dai kawai wani labarin, duk da haka, ba a manta. A wurin da jamhuriyoyin zo m yankuna. Mai cin gashin kanta District ne daya daga shida iri batutuwa na Rasha Federation, kafa ta kasa yankin akai. Wannan matsayi ne m da kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation da kuma sauran dokoki, wanda aka soma da majalisu da kuma zartarwa jikinsu.

Mai cin gashin kanta Okrug - daidaita batun na Rasha Federation da kuma halin da irin wannan fasali kamar:

• nasu dokokin (dokoki da sauran NPA).
• masu zaman kansu da area (ba za a iya canza tare da amincewar da batun) da kuma yawan;
• 'yancin kai a cikin al'amura da suke da nauyin da batutuwa na Rasha Federation (kawai a cikin dalĩli AO).
• damar shiga cikin kasa da kasa da kuma kasashen waje huldar cinikaiya, County na da hakkin ya shiga cikin yarjejeniyar (ciki har da cinikayya), duka biyu, a tarayya da matakin kasa da kasa.

Idan JSC ba zai iya shirya wani dangantaka da gefuna ko yankunan to wanda shi ne hada da, to, shi yana da hakkin ya gama wata yarjejeniya a kan tushen da wanda ya faru ne a warware.

Nenets

Nenets - shi ne wani batu na Rasha Federation, wani ɓangare na Arkhangelsk yankin (a kan tushen da Yarjejeniya na Arkhangelsk yankin). Yana nufin da Arewa maso yamma Tarayya District. Ya dauki mafi sparsely populated batu na Rasha Federation. Gudanarwa babban birnin kasar - Naryan-Mar, wani gari da yawan jama'a na 22.912 mutane. Wannan gundumar aka kafa a shekara ta 1929. A wajen yamma, da shi da iyaka tare da Arkhangelsk yankin, da kuma a gabas m ga Yamal-Nenets cin gashin kanta District.

Yugra

A batu na Rasha Federation ne Yugra (Khanty-Mansi cin gashin kanta Area). Bisa kundin tsarin Tyumen yankin, Ugra - yana da wani ɓangare na fi na Tyumen yankin, da Khanty-Mansi cin gashin kanta Area - daidaita batun Rasha. Ya nufin da Urals Tarayya District, kuma aka kafa a 1930. Khanty-Mansi cin gashin kanta District - shi ne tattalin arziki wadãtacce yankin bayarwa.

Khanty-Mansiysk ne administrative cibiyar na gundumar.

Chukotka cin gashin kanta Okrug

An located kusa da Jamhuriyar na Sakha (Yakutia), Kamchatka Krai da Magadan yankin kẽwayesu da, da kuma a gabas - tare da Amurka. A dukan ƙasar na gundumar - a gundumar na Far Arewa. A administrative babban birnin kasar na Chukotka cin gashin kanta Okrug - Anadyr.

Yamalo-Nenets cin gashin kanta Okrug

Yana da wani ɓangare na Tyumen yankin (bisa ga dokokina), amma a lokaci guda - daidaita batun na Rasha Federation. Kafa ta County a 1930. Its administrative cibiyar - birnin Salekhard. Nenets AO iyaka Nenets, Ugra (farauta ita-Mansiysk) Krasnoyarsk baki Komi Jamhuriyar. Ban sha'awa gaskiya: a shekara ta 2011 a cikin JSC da aka samar 7.1% na dukkan man fetur a kasar.

ƙarshe

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin da m yankin (jamhuriyar) na m yankin ta'allaka ne da cewa yankin ko da yake yana da kansa tsarin mulki, amma shi ba zai iya zama wani ɓangare na abun da ke ciki na wasu batutuwa, kazalika da su sun hada da su a kansu. Wannan labarin ya ƙare a nan, kuma muna son mu yi imani da cewa, bayan karanta shi, za ka koyi da amsoshin su tambayoyi da kuma fahimtar cewa m yankin da kuma m jamhuriyar - shi ke ba da wannan abu.