Babu sabon abu ko taron ba ya faruwa a kadaici, a wani wuri. Ba guda kalma ba a amfani da "da kanta" - abin da wasu. Mahallin - wani lokaci samu daga Latin (Latin contextus.). Ya nufin da aminci, sadarwa, yanayi.
Yana da wuya a sami wani yanki inda wannan sabon abu ba za su sami amfani inda zai zama kaɗan. A cikin mahallin kalmar iya daukar salo da dabi'u, ma'ana inuwõyinta suna kusa, - har zuwa kishiyar (msl, idan shi aka yi amfani da m ko sarcasm). A harshen, kamar yadda a interpersonal sadarwa, fassarar da wani nassi na rubutu, magana ko magana dogara a kan abin da aka ce (ma'ana) kafin da kuma bayan. Alal misali, ga kalmar "teku" kai tsaye mahallin - babban adadin ruwa, amma kalmomin "yashi teku", muna nufin hamada. A alama da ake amfani a nan a matsayin misãli. Ma'anar kalmar "teku", ana riskarsa kamar more ta a maimaikon "babbar adadin", "wani abu babba."
A filin na jawabin sadarwa kyalewa da "yanayi", da yanayi, tattaunawar halin da ake ciki zai iya kai ba kawai don ruɗarwa amma kuma ga rikice-rikice. Bugu da kari, yana da muhimmanci a cikin wannan yankin da kuma al'adu mahallin. Wannan shi ne sau da yawa yankan shawara factor da za su iya gaba daya karkatar cikin shakka daga cikin tattaunawar, da kuma nan gaba events. Alal misali, a kasar Faransa, a lokacin da gaisuwa daidai al'ada da za a sumbatan a fuska, har ma a cikin wanda ba a sani mutane. Kuma a Japan ko UK irin wannan karimcin za a gane m, ma m.
A harsuna, da nazarin Adam na sadarwa muna magana ne yafi game phraseological mahallin (collocations da kuma salon maganarsu darajar), kazalika da situational. A cikin hali na karshen ne muhimmanci dalilai kamar lokaci, sarari, Sphere: kasuwanci tarurruka, laccoci, iyali tattaunawar, muhawara, da kuma na baya sadarwa events. Muhimmanci ma suna mahalarta a cikin sadarwa aiwatar da matsayin cewa su ne, misali: mai jagoranci, aboki, lover. Situational mahallin - shi ne ma wani buri, da tsare-tsaren, nufi da ilmi na interlocutors. Shi ne ba ko da yaushe a bayyane yake, amma muhimmi "yayi", kamar tunani da kuma juyayinsu na abokin gaba, yana da muhimmanci ga fahimtar jigon da dukan. Alal misali, a wata tattaunawa game da makomar fursunonin a gaba daya hanyoyi daban-daban mutane halayya da kwarewa a kurkuku ko tsare, da kuma waɗanda suka yi kasance a azabtar da aikata laifuka.
Sauran sciences amfani da wannan kalma don bayyana dangantakar (wani lokacin sosai m) wasu abubuwan da suka faru, ko mamaki. The mahallin a cikin adabi na iya zama tarihi, m, akida. Babu wani daga cikin samfurin ba ya wanzu a waje da lokaci da kuma sarari. Hakika, da mataki na aminci da gaskiya shi ne quite daban-daban, dangane da irin da kuma salo. Duk da haka, a cikin shayari kuma a litattafan-lokaci yanayi, dabi'u, akidar ne ba. Bunin ta "Dark lungu" haifa ba kawai da pre-neman sauyi Rasha, amma kuma rayuwar manyan mukaman hijira. Kuma a cikin "yaki da zaman lafiya" Tolstoy ta al'adu da tarihi da mahallin - shi ne goma ko ashirin da shekaru karni na sha tara. Kewaye da wasu Concepts, allusions (wani allusion zuwa wasu al'amari ko abu ne ba mai suna kai tsaye), da kalmomin dauka a kan sabon ma'anar. A symbolism za a iya fassara kawai a cikin Macro mahallin - cewa shi ne, a kan sikelin da dukan aikin, a cike da marubuci, shekaru, kwatance. Wasu mamaki za a iya gani a gaba ɗayansa, kawai dangane da biography da marubucin ko ya akida. Alal misali, a Voronezh mahallin - ne to Osip Mandelstam, wani wuri na gudun hijira, ba ta damar, da kuma da associative tsararru, hade da birnin, reminiscent na wani abu m, matsananci: "Voronezh - wani hankãka, da wuka." Kawai sanin hanyar rayuwa na mawãƙi, za mu iya decipher da alamomin. Da wata magana a cikin mahallin iya kunna your hannu ko na gefe muhimmancin.