M decompression a tsawo na abin da ya faru da wani mutum, da sakamakon

Riga aka sani a matsayin low matsa lamba yanayi rinjayar da jikin mutum. Amma yadda mutane da yawa san abin da irin hatsarin ne m decompression a tsawo? A kawai 'yan seconds gaba daya hallaka da haske, shi saukad da ƙananan iyaka da jini, wanda ya haddasa mutuwa.

Mene ne Decompression

Decompression - wani yanayin a cikin abin da yanayi matsa lamba saukad da sharply. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da karya bisa ga abke, leaks tashi na'ura a lokacin m hawan ko ninkaya a ruwa surface. Lokacin da mutane aiki a muhallin inda matsa lamba a sama na yanayi to sau da yawa, ta inhalation gas an matsa, haddasa su rushe a kyallen takarda da jini a unacceptably yawa. Idan shi ba zato ba tsammani saukad, gas Fitar kumfar ya auku, game da shi, tsaya a nan ba motsi da jini ta hanyar tasoshin.

Lokacin da jirgin sama, ko sararin collides da meteorite ko kasa wasu m tsarin, m decompression faruwa a sakamakon hadarin. Wannan sabon abu da ya faru a lokacin da tashi a tsawon fiye da dubu tara mita.

decompression cuta

Lokacin da decompression amai take hakkin ya auku ba kawai watsin a kananan tasoshin, amma kuma jini rheology, kamar yadda thrombotic talakawa suna kafa a kan surface na kumfa yana kira aerotrombozom.

ƙare dangantaka da yanayi matsa lamba tushen da biyu tayi ta fiye da sau biyu. Akwai Daidaita ruwa tururi matsa lamba na wani barometric da carbon dioxide. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa abun ciki na oxygen a cikin tsokoki da aka kusa sifili, kuma ba ɗan adam numfashin zama oxygen, da kuma nitrogen.

The asibiti hoto ne m da decompression amai embolism gas jijiyoyi, wanda ya kunshi iri uku:

1. Sistem sakulasan cuta kamar yadda angina da tsokar zuciya infarction, da hali ya samar da jini clots.
2. Mai tsananin itching, tsoka da kuma hadin gwiwa zafi m hali, subcutaneous emphysema.
3. Rashin na tsakiya m tsarin: tashin zuciya da amai, rashin lafiya magana, convulsions, inna.
4. M zuciya rashin cin nasara a sakamakon jari na gas a cikin cavities na zuciya.

A sakamakon decompression a jiki

M decompression yadda decompression da kullum yana da babban sakamako a kan mutum kwayoyin. Ya kamata a lura, wasu daga da fasali. Da yawa mataki nasa ne da matsa lamba digo a cikin jirgin sama, kazalika da ɓarna, high juyayi tashin hankali saboda gaggawa halin da ake ciki. M decompression yana dauke da wani iko kara kuzari, wanda shi ne iya ƙwarai shafi wani mutum.

A taron na irin wannan yanayi, matukin jirgin don wani lokaci da fuskantar da tsoro da kuma rikice, sakamakon irreparable shigar da kuskure, guje rayuwar fasinjoji da nasu.

Muhimmanci pathogenetic dalilai a fashewar decompression

A tsawon fiye da goma sha shida kilomita kwayoyin ne fallasa zuwa dukan kewayon pathogenic dalilai. Wadannan sun hada da: rashin oxygen, da karfi ultraviolet radiation, low yanayi matsa lamba da kuma sanyi.

Shafi bala'i da ake gittar da lokaci guda ko a cikin jerin wadannan dalilai: da buga da kuma tsauri obalodi, walƙiya headwind da tsãwa kalaman, thermal da kuma tasirin yanayi da wutar lantarki, rauni daga sako-sako da abubuwa, girgiza, vibration.

Shock effects: idan wani mutum zai zama kusa da gida tare da babban rami, ya iya samun m, ko muni, da za a jefa overboard. A gaskiya, da mutumin turawa ta cikin rami - a rare harka.

Hypoxia: Kamar yadda muka sani, iska da aka hada da 79,02% nitrogen, 20,95% oxygen da kuma kawai 0.03% na sauran, yawancin su - carbon dioxide. Ruwa tururi har zuwa 5%. A mafi girma zafi da adadin nitrogen da oxygen 1-2% zama karami.

Gagarumin raguwa na yanayi sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa hypoxia. Ko da a cikin low tsawo (kamar daya da rabi dubu mita), wani mutum ne ake bukata don fuskanci wani kadan karu a ji na ƙwarai zuwa ga haske. A Firayim misali na miƙa mulki daga haske zuwa duhu dakin dimly lit batu ne dauke da wuya.

A mafi muhimmanci pathogenetic factor muhimmi m decompression - mai karfi sanyaya jikin matukin jirgi. Wannan musamman rinjayar da kasa amintacce sassa na jiki: da hannayensu, da ƙafafu, fuska, tun iska tare da zazzabi na 56 digiri ne isasshe m daskarewa.

M decompression na jirgin sama

A tsawo daga cikin decompression ya auku a lokacin da cikakken asarar aiki damar da matukan jirgin a cikin wani al'amari na seconds. Kakoy- wani sauti da suka iya ji, amma a wannan lokacin riga akwai zo mutuwa. Babu wuya siginar aika zuwa dispatcher babu wani yiwuwar.

Lokacin da akwai wani halakar da wutsiya na jirgin sama, babu damar tsira da fasinjoji, duk kashe a lokaci daya. Babu wani abu da za su iya taimaka, kamar yadda akwai faduwa wanwar. Irin wannan ne sakamakon fashewar decompression na jirgin sama.

Idan jirgin bawa yayi a saka a kan wani oxygen mask, ka yi wannan, kamar yadda iska a high altitudes sosai sparse. Kuma idan akwai cikakken decompression na haske saboda da karfi matsa lamba ba don samar da kwakwalwarmu tare da oxygen, fara dizziness, aka rufe da mãgãgi. Shin mutane a kan jirgin zuwa rasa sani kawai a kan arba'in seconds.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka na m decompression

M decompression yana da takwas babban bayyanar cututtuka:

1. A sakamakon kara girma da iska wanda yake a cikin huhu, thorax yana faɗaɗa nan take. Shaidu decompression idan aka kwatanta wannan sabon abu da duka ga kirji.
2. Ciko gas hanjinsu da ciki, bi da busa - abin da ake kira high-tsawo flatulence.
3. Mai tsananin zafi na paranasal cavities da kuma kunnuwa.
4. The uncontrolled defecation kuma urination, mai tsanani m amai.
5. An tasiri watsi gas daga dubura, da kuma hanci - na iska.
6. tsananin zafi na gidajen abinci da kuma tsokoki a sakamakon nama ischemia lalacewa ta hanyar gas embolism na kananan tasoshin - high-Yunƙurin zafi.
7. Saboda gaskiya cewa kaifi karuwa a cikin rabuwa da gumi, akwai wani ji na karfi sanyi.
8. A cikin minti biyu daga farkon m decompression mutane convulsions da coma.

Barotrauma a lokacin fashewar decompression

gabobin jiki lalacewa a sakamakon matsin lamba bambanci tsakanin ciki da waje da ake kira barotrauma. Yana faruwa a lokacin da gangaren iri iri a mafi zurfin, a lokacin ya tashi da kuma saukowa. Duk abin da ya faru a lokacin da fashewar decompression, shi ne fraught tare da babban hatsari, daya daga wanda - barotrauma. Lokacin da fashewar decompression wadannan jikuna ne batun barotrauma:

• A taimakon ji.
• Hur.
• M jikinsu.

Lokacin da taimakon ji an tsage barotrauma eardrum, da auditory ossicles an aje lalacewa, akwai hemorrhage cikin kunne nama da tympanum.

Lokacin da barotrauma na huhu airway ba ruwa jini, huhu kumbura yi iyaka, alama mai da hankali katsewa da hemorrhage na huhu nama.

A sakamakon, qara girma na gas a ciki da kuma hanji ne su katsewa - bayyananen barotraumas m gabobin.

Sanadin mutuwar ta m decompression

Kwatsam mutuwa daga m decompression, kamar yadda ya ruwaito a cikin adabi, na faruwa a sakamakon buga, nama emphysema, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai "ramming shafi" gas. Hypobarium amma a wannan yanayin yana da kõme ba yi da da bala'i. Evidence, idan akwai wani kai tsaye hulda a tsakanin tolerability kuma m hypobarium size of subcutaneous emphysema, ya ba tukuna aka samu.

Big rawa a mutuwa idan m decompression, lalle nasa ne gas embolism, ko da yake muhimmancin shi yana.

A shekarar 1970, marubucin ya bayyana da babban factor Lukhanin m lethality hypobarium - shi anoxia.

m matakan

M matakan fashewar decompression a tsawon bukatar a jawabi da matuqar muhimmancin, sa zuwa fore da aiki na tsare da rayuwar fasinjoji da jirgin crews.

Basic m matakan:

1. Tabbatar da mutunci da jirgin sama.
2. A m hurawa iska a cikin gida a ta depressurization.
3. Special matukan jirgin, dole ne sa fata-m jiki.

Ya kamata ka san cewa inda kuma a duk inda ka suna yawo a kan wani jirgin saman, akwai ko da yaushe hadarin wani hatsari, a cikin abin da a farkon wurin da barazana ga rayuwar daraja fashewar decompression. Wannan shi take kaiwa zuwa wani dabara amma gagarumin komowar sakamakon.