Louis XIII: biography

Yadda za a sami Faransa kansu, a cikin litattafan da takobi, da kuma takobi Aleksandr Dyuma ya ba da mafi m-bugawa hoto na King Louis XIII. Wannan rauni, kuma gutless da kuma m, da kuma sanyi, kuma m, kuma costive sire, dake a cikin inuwa daga cikin manyan Richelieu. Amma a gaskiya, wannan kadan-san m, idan wani kusa look at shi, da kuma iya yi inuwa da ɗaukakar Ubansa Henry IV na, kuma dan Louis XIV.

Fiye da shekaru 33 na mulkinsa, da mulkin France ne sosai daban-daban. Akwai ya kasance mai bunqasar da ikon da gwamnati, da ci gaban cinikayya da kuma sojojin ruwa. Daga bisani, wadannan 'ya'yan itatuwa yi cikakken amfani da dansa Louis XIV.

Dauphin (1601-1610 shekaru)

Louis XIII - shi ne dan Henry IV na, Sarki na Faransa da kuma Navarre da Marii Medichi. An haife shi a 1601. Wannan aure ne kawai dynastic, tsara don adana Faransa tasiri a Italiya, shiga Florence da kuma Faransa magaji. Kuma da ake bukata don rubuta kashe da basusuka na Faransa a Florentine bankers. The matasa Sarauniya ta haifi 'ya'ya maza shida, wanda kawai biyu kai ƙarfinsa - Louis XIII da ɗan'uwansa Gaston, Duke na Orleans. The yaro tsiro sama a cikin castle na Saint-Germain-en-Laye, tare da Henry IV ta shege yara. Yana ilimantawa ta m Albert De Luynes. Ya koyar sa a yaro a soyayya na farauta, yana tafe a waje, zanen da dance, yi wasa kida, da harpsichord da lute. Amma gwamnatin jihar de Luynes yaro ne ba a shirye. Uban yana ƙaunar Louis kuma a fili bambanta da shi daga yara. In ba haka ba, shi yana nufin mahaifiyarsa. Ta fi son zuwa Gaston. Mariya Medichi ce Louis jinkirin da ba ma kyau. Amma Louis bai zama flustered, duk da ya halitta a kan jin kunya, ya nuna imanin a cikin allahntaka makoma. Uba ya mutu, kashe wani m, kuma regent ga qananan sarki zama sarauniya. A wannan lokaci, Louis kawai 8 years old. Mother, mãsu bãyar da bãya daga mijinta da manufofin neman kusanta da hulda da Spain. Louis XIII daga 1612 riga tsunduma ga Anne na Austria, 'yar Spanish sarki.

regency

The Queen ba za a iya cikakken iko da jihar, a cikinsa akwai wani siga halin da ake ciki tsakanin yan Protestants, da Katolika. Bugu da kari, da kara ga kokarin yan kasarta, wakilan da mafi aristocratic iyalan: Conde, Giza, Montmorency. Sarauniya rayayye shafi ta fi so, da Italiyanci Concini, Marshal d'Ankr. M, kuma m, shi sa ƙiyayya da duk wanda ya fuskanci shi. Bugu da kari, a ji ƙarfi, ya sa kowane kokarin wulakanta nan gaba sarki. Louis XIII, kokarin sa a cikin wuri Concini da kuma kare mutunci, magana da mahaifiyarta, amma aka fallasa zuwa sabon zagi. A game da wannan lokaci, za a fara azaba da ciki zafi, wanda a nan gaba za su kawai kara. Duk da haka, duk da zafi a halin asiri m 15-shekara saurayi yana shirya maƙarƙashiya. A maƙarƙashiya suka kashe mutuwa a LOUVRE. Louis, musamman ya amince da jiki larura cire shi, ya ce soberly: "A wannan lokaci, Ni sarki."

A sakamakon juyin mulki

Wadannan kalmomi sun halarta da ƙarfin hali na Louis XIII, wanda jaruntaka dauki a kan alhakin da rabo daga Faransa a shekaru 15. Amma da farkon sarautar na mulkin gargajiya overshadow tashin hankali. Halitta biyu sabani jam'iyyun. Daya cewa tana goyon bayan matasa Louis, da kuma wanda ya dogara a kan mahaifiyarsa. Daga 1619 zuwa 1620 shekaru akwai wani "yakin" tsakanin uwa da ɗa. Cardinal Armand du Plessis de Richelieu basira maneuvering tsakanin jam'iyyun don maido da zaman lafiya da mulkin. Louis a farko wary na ayyuka na peacemaker, amma hannun jari da hangen nesa da sarauta da iko: da sauƙi a san da kuma iko da Furotesta. Duka yana da wani shakku da tsayawa lokacin da suka ga wani abu zama dole. Haɗin gwiwar ya isasshe daidaituwa da nagarta sosai.

Personal rayuwa da kuma Anna Avstriyskaya

Dynastic aure ya faru a 1615. Duk da haka, duk da cewa matarsa - na farko kyakkyawa ba kawai na Faransa, Louis ko da yaushe kewaye da favorites dangantakar da wanda ya ba za a iya kira platonic. Korol Lyudovik XIII da matarsa goyon m dangantaka. Shi ne m da sarauniya. Abin da ya fi ba na son matasa sarki, saboda haka cewa babu yara a cikin aure. Tun lokacin da sarki yana da wani magaji, shi ne kewaye da daban-daban na mãkirci. Kawai bayan shekaru goma sha biyar da ke tsakanin maza za su inganta. Amma a cikin shekarun nan, Anne na Austria dangana ga fiye da daya fi so, ciki har da Buckingham. Bayan shekaru 23 na aure akwai yara maraba. Na farko, da Dauphin Louis, sa'an nan Filipp Orleansky. Kuma yayin da babu yara, da 'yan Protestants, je zuwa wani bude haddin shari'a cikin La Rochelle, wanda aka hankali goyi bayan Faransa aristocrats da kuma Ingila, a madugun maƙiyi daga cikin shekara ɗari War, wanda shi ne har yanzu da rai a cikin zukãtansu na Faransa da kuma Birtaniya. A ciki yaƙi da Huguenots, da goyan bayan kasar Birtaniya, ya ci gaba har 1628, har sai da kagara na La Rochelle bai mika wuya. Da yarjejeniya da aka tare da wani tabbaci na 'yancin addini. By cewa lokaci da yaki ya m kasar, da taskar ne komai.

mãkirci

Zai ze cewa nobility na juriya karya, amma mai kauri manufofin da sarki da Cardinal ci gaba da aiki aristocrats. Duchesse de Chevreuse son ya ga ɗan'uwansa, magaji a kan karaga. Maƙarƙashiyar ma hannu sarki ɗan'uwanmu, Gaston Orleansky. A wannan lokaci, da dangantakar dake tsakanin maza rincabewa. King kai cewa soja asirin zama a san da Spanish kotu. A nasa gida Korol Lyudovik XIII ga abokan gaba. Louis XIII da kuma Anna Avstriyskaya ko da yaushe kiyaye da tashin hankali da kuma mistrust. Chambers matar da aka yi bincike a kan umarni na sarki. A rashin iyawa ga samun baby na Anna (dama rashin) m alienates maza. Amma Richelieu, domin amfanin Faransa, da aka yin kowane kokarin domin sulhu tsakanin mata da miji.

Haihuwar wani mataimaki

Wannan dogon-jiran taron ya faru a 1638. Amma da tashin hankali da halin da ake ciki ba ya fada a cikin kotu da kuma a cikin jihar. A cikin shekaru 12, akwai sake fasalin don ƙarfafa sarauta da iko, streamline gwamnati, don halakar da mulkin gargajiya saurã a cikin nau'i na faɗa, gina wani sojin ruwan. A wannan filin sarki gefe da gefe aiki tare da Cardinal. Sun ci gaba da juna. Inda sarki ta jajirce wajen yin kaifi tafi, Cardinal yayi taka tsantsan da kuma sassauci. Sun mutunta juna, amma ci gaba da nesa. Irin wannan manufar sa karfi da matsayi na Faransa a duniya mataki. Kawo karshen shekaru talatin da 'sanyi' yaki a Italiya, amma a 1635 yaki ya barke tsakanin Faransa da kuma Spain. Spanish sojojin zuwa ga Paris. Sarkin kaina ya jagoranci sojojin, da kuma abokan gaba da aka tsãwace. The yaki ke da wuya. A sarki lafiya da aka samun muni a halin yanzu. Ba sarki kuma da Cardinal bai gani karshen yaki. A 1642 Armand du Plessis ya mutu, amma ya bar wani mataimaki - Cardinal Mazarin. Louis XIII ya mutu daga cutar a shekara daga baya, a 1643, magaji zuwa shekaru hudu. Cikakkar daular mulkinsu halitta a Louis XIII, da kuma Louis XIV zai zama ko da yaushe damuwa game da ci gaban da ta girma. Kuma duk da haka har shekaru da yawa duk da ikon samun mahaifiyarsa, Anna Avstriyskaya, wanda ya zama regent.

Results ta sarautar

Kuma yankunan karkara, da kuma birnin na cinikayya da masana'antu aiki sha wahala daga tafiyar yaƙe-yaƙe. Har yanzu zuwa 1643 kulawa don France zama wata babbar Turai karfi da za a lasafta tare. Wannan ya haifar da wata Louis XIII. Biography ce godiya ga shi mulki da warware daga Habsburg ikirarin kamar yadda Austria da kuma Spain. Har sai wannan lokacin, da mulkin yankin da aka ba kamar yadda mai yawa. Akwai wani karfi monarchical jihar. A daular mulkinsu zama cikakkar.

By kanta, Louis wani hypochondriac, rashin lafiya da kuma ciki mutumin, amma mutãnensa makoki, ya kuma ba shi da sunan barkwanci Fair.