Da narkewa batu na baƙin ƙarfe

Iron mutumin ya fara mallaka (Forging, narkewa) bayan 'yan shekara dubu bayan da ci gaban da aikin tare da jan karfe. A farko 'yan qasar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin nau'i na wani curi da aka samu a yankin gabas ta tsakiya a 3000 BC. Kuma baƙin ƙarfe da karfe, bisa ga masana, ta taso ne a 'yan wurare a cikin duniya, mutane daban-daban wajen samar da wannan tsari a daban-daban sau. Tare da wannan ƙarfe a matsayin abu domin yin kayayyakin aiki, da farauta da kuma yaki maye gurbin da dutse, da na tagulla.

A farko baƙin ƙarfe masana'antu tsari kira syrodutnyh. A kasa line shi ne cewa na fada barci a cikin rami tama da gawayi, wanda ya iza kuma tam shãfe haske, da barin busa wani rami ta hanyar abin da sabo iska ake kawota ga tsãwa. A lokacin irin wannan dumama, da narkewa batu na baƙin ƙarfe, ba shakka, ba za a iya cimma, da aka samu tausasa taro (Bloom), wanda shi ne slag (ash daga man fetur, oxides na tama da rock).

Next, sakamakon Bloom prokovyvali akai-akai cire slag da sauran dole ba sharuddan sauyawa, wannan lokaci-cinyewa tsari da aka za'ayi sau da yawa, sakamakon a total nauyi na gama aiki ya kai humushin. Tare da sabuwar dabara na ruwa dabaran bayyana yiwu samar da babban adadin iska. Saboda irin wannan dutyu baƙin ƙarfe narkewa ya samuwa da yawan zafin jiki, ya bayyana karfe a cikin ruwa form.

Wannan ƙarfe ya baƙin ƙarfe, wanda aka ba ƙirƙira, amma an lura cewa yana da kyau ya cika fitar da wani nau'i. Waɗannan su ne na farko gwaje-gwajen a cikin baƙin ƙarfe da simintin da cewa tare da wasu inganta da kuma canje-canje ya kai mu kwana. A tsawon lokaci, ya sãmi wata hanya ba sarrafa baƙin ƙarfe a cikin aikata baƙin ƙarfe. Iron guda aka ɗora Kwatancen da gawayi, a cikin wannan tsari, da baƙin ƙarfe tausasa, hadawan abu da iskar shaka faru impurities, ciki har da carbon. A sakamakon karfe zama lokacin farin ciki, da baƙin ƙarfe narkewa zafin jiki ya karu, Ina nufin Sai ya juya aikata baƙin ƙarfe.

Saboda haka, metallurgists na lokaci sun iya raba guda aiwatar a cikin matakai biyu. Wannan biyu-mataki tsari a cikin ra'ayin tsira zuwa wannan lokaci, canje-canje a cikin bayyanar mafi damuwa da matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin mataki na biyu. Pure baƙin ƙarfe, ko wani karfe da ciwon low najasa m aikace-aikace na da kusan babu. Da narkewa batu na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin zane baƙin ƙarfe - carbon ne a aya A, wanda yayi dace da shekara ta 1535 digiri.

Tafasar batu na baƙin ƙarfe faruwa a lokacin da matakin na 3200 digiri.

Outdoor baƙin ƙarfe ƙarshe rufe da wani oxide film, mai kushin tsatsa bayyana a cikin wani gumi muhalli. Iron tun da aka kafa da kuma a yau ne daya daga cikin manyan karafa. Yi amfani da na baƙin ƙarfe, da farko a cikin nau'i na gami, wanda daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma dukiyoyinsu.

A abin da zazzabi narke baƙin ƙarfe, dangane da carbon abun ciki da kuma sauran gyara na gami abun da ke ciki. A mafi yadu amfani ne carbon gami - baƙin ƙarfe da karfe. Gami dauke da fiye da 2% carbon, da ake kira da baƙin ƙarfe, kasa da 2% ne karfe. Jefa baƙin ƙarfe da aka samu a fashewar Tanderu, da remelting don inganta tama a cikin sinter shuka.

Karfe da aka narke a cikin hearth, kuma lantarki shigar da Tanderu, converters.

Kamar yadda cajin ya shafi ya da kuma alade baƙin ƙarfe. By hadawan abu da iskar shaka matakai, da tsari da aka cire sau daya da kuma carbon contaminants, da kuma Additives damar da alloying kayan samu da ake so karfe sa. Domin karfe da sauran gami amfani zamani metallurgy ESR fasahar, injin, electron katako da kuma jini narkewa.

A shirye-shiryen da suke sabon hanyoyin da karfe narkewa, samar da aiki da kai na da tsari da kuma samar da wani high quality karfe.

Kimiyya aukuwa sun kai wani matakin inda ba za ka iya samun kayan da za su tsayayya da injin da kuma babban matsin, manyan zazzabi swings, m yanayi, radiation, da dai sauransu