Land - menene wannan? Ma'ana, wani dangantawa ga kalmar "duniya"

Plot - Wannan shi ne na uku duniya daga rana. By ta size shi mukamansu biyar a cikin tsarin. Duniya ne kawai aka sani mutum zuwa wani sarari suKe jiki, sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

tarihi bayanai

A adabi amfani da wani dangantawa ga maganar da Earth a matsayin "Blue Planet". Nazarin ya nuna cewa, kyan gani, wani sarari suKe jiki da aka kafa game da 4,54 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce daga hasken rana nebula. Shi ne kawai na halitta da tauraron dan adam na Moon. Mai yiwuwa, shi ya zo ne bayan da samuwar duniya. Rayuwa a duniya, bisa ga masana kimiyya, ta bayyana game da 3.9 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce. Tun wannan lokacin, da biosphere na duniya ya fara samun wani tasiri a kan yanayi da kuma sauran abiotic dalilai. Wannan ya haddasa wani karuwa a yawan aerobic kwayoyin, tsananta da samuwar na lemar sararin samaniya Layer. Karshe tare da tare da Magnetic filin raunana da tasiri na rayuwa-barazanar radiation daga rana.

duniya abubuwa

The Earth ta ɓawon burodi ne zuwa kashi da dama segments - na tectonic faranti. Su ne a akai motsi. Gudun su motsi a cikin shekara ne 'yan santimita. A abun da ke ciki, tsarin da alamu na ci gaba da binciken kasa karatu duniya. A cikin hoto na Duniya za a iya gani cewa game da 71% ne tekuna. Sauran na duniya suna located tsibiran da kuma nahiyoyi. Babban yankin hada da koguna, Lakes, kankara da ruwan karkashin kasa. Tare da teku, suka samar da hydrosphere. A wani taurãro sani ga mutum, akwai wani ruwa a cikin ruwa tsari, dace da rayuwa siffofin. A sandunan na Duniya ne Marine Arctic da Antarctic kankara zanen gado.

ciki tsarin

Karkashin kasa yanki ne mai basira high aiki. Sun kunshi wani danko sosai, kuma m yadudduka - da alkyabba. Yana maida hankali ne akan m (ruwa) core. A karshen hidima a matsayin tushen da Magnetic filin na duniya. Ciki da Duniya kuma shi ne mai ɗamfarar core. Mai yiwuwa, shi ne hada nickel da iron. A cikin hoto na Duniya, ya gabatar a cikin labarin, za ka iya fili ga ciki tsarin da duniyar tamu.

sarari Activity

The jiki halaye na duniya da kuma ta orbital motsi taimakawa wajen adana rayuwa a lokacin da biliyan 3.5 da shekaru. Daban-daban nazarin ya nuna cewa yanayi na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya za a ajiye don game 0.5-2.3 shekaru biliyan. Ta wajen gravitational sojojin, da Duniya interacts tare da sauran sarari abubuwa, ciki har da watã da rãnã. Around karshe duniya da ke sa cikakken juyin juya halin a game da 365,26 hasken rana kwanaki. Wannan zamani ne ake kira sidereal shekara. A duniya ta axis ne tilted a wani kwana na 23,44 digiri. dangi da al'ada orbital jirgin sama. Wannan sa yanayi canje-canje da rata a cikin wurare masu zafi da shekara (365.24 kwanaki.). Duration terrestrial rana kamar 24 hours.

watã

Ya daukaka a kusa da Duniya ta halitta da tauraron dan adam ya fara game da 4,53 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce. A gravitational rinjayar da watã Yanã da ya faru na tides a cikin teku. Tauraron Dan Adam stabilizes da karkatar da Earth axis ne a hankali inda hakan ta juyawa. A cewar wasu masu bincike, daga faɗuwar asteroids kai ga gagarumin canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kuma duniya ta surface. A musamman, sun tsokani taro nau'i nau'i na jinsuna daban na kwayoyin.

geopolitics

The Earth - shi ne gida mai babbar dama halittu masu rai, ciki har da mutane. Yankin na duniya da aka raba tsakanin 'yantattun jihohi. Sun kafa huldar diplomasiyya da cinikayya, da sauran dangantaka ekonmicheskie. A adam al'adu, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da duniya. Daga cikin su, misali, ka'idar wani lebur Duniya, da geocentric duniya tsarin. Broadly ci gaba a saboda lokaci ya samu Gaia jarrabawa. A cewar ta duniya shi ne guda superorganism.

Plot: ma'ana

Kalmar da aka yi amfani da a fannoni daban daban. Bugu da kari ga sarari Sphere, manufar "ƙasar" da aka fassara a matsayin:

1. Land. An adawa da duk wani ruwa surface.
2. Gona. Duniya (a cikin jam'i) ana amfani da aikin gona da kuma sauran m ayyukan.
3. The site, mallakar wani batu (jama'a, ma'aikata, a jihar).
4. Sako-sako da kuma argillaceous kankara ko m sunan ba narkewa, mai tsaurin oxides.

A occult da kuma Alchemy lokaci ƙasar amfani. Ma'anar kalmomi a cikin wadannan lokuta ne saboda da duniya abubuwa, tare da wuta, ruwa da sauransu. Bugu da kari, cikin lokaci da ake amfani a cikin administrative division. A cikin daula na Rasha ƙasar - wani yanki wanda aka batun daya m. A Poland, kamar yadda tsaye tarihi administrative naúrar. A Austria da Jamus da kalmar duniya tana nufin wani tarayya tsarin.

ƙasa

A lokaci ana amfani da matsayin dangantawa zuwa ga kalma duniya. A ƙasa aka dauke su a surface Layer na duniya ta lithosphere. A kasar gona yana da haihuwa. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na hudu-lokaci multifunctional iri-irin bude tsarin tsarin. A kasar gona ne sakamakon ayyuka na kwayoyin da weathering na kankara. M ƙasar - wannan shi ne mafi m substrate ko mazauninsu ga shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da kuma kwayoyin. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da ta kasa biomass (ƙasar na duniya) shi ne kusan 700 sau fi teku, duk da cewa da rabo na farko asusun kasa da 1/3 na duniya. Mene ne wani m ƙasar na jihar? An dauke da babban arziki na kasar, kamar yadda shi ya kasance a kan shi ya yi sama da kashi 90% na kayayyakin da adam amfani. A zamanin da, a ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ma kamar gini abu. Wajen lalacewar topsoil take kaiwa zuwa amfanin gona gazawar da kuma yunwa.

Mene ne ƙasa a cikin doka hankalta?

Wannan lokaci da aka yi amfani da} ungiyoyin dokar. Abin baƙin ciki, akwai wani tsabta a cikin dokokin da category "ƙasar". Ma'ana batun doka tsari a cikin wannan girmamawa ne yafi wuya. A lokaci kamar yadda ya bayyana a sarari daga data sama, yana bi daban. Baya da cewa wannan ƙasa, ya zama dole a ambaci mutum dangantakar a cikin Sphere na hulda da abubuwa a yanayi da hadaddun na al'adu da kuma kayan abubuwa. Duk wadannan abubuwa samar da mazauninsu na mutane. Dangantaka a cikin shi an kayyade ta muhalli dokar. Karkashin shawara da kalmar ma sakankancẽwa surface Layer na kasar gona, wanda aka located sama da subsurface. Wannan yanki za a iya located a cikin wani musamman jihar. Rasha yana da manyan yankunan ƙasar. A cewar Art. 67 na kundin tsarin mulki, a cikin iyakoki na jihar ne ƙasa na Rasha Federation batutuwa, da yankin teku, ciki ruwa da kuma sararin samaniyar sama su.

The abu na shari'a dangantakar

Land a ƙasar dokar - takamaiman wurin da aka ayyana ta da iyaka da kuma yanki. An located in sassa na yankin, yana da kansa doka matsayi. Its halaye an nuna a cikin kaya da kuma jihar rajista takardun. Land dokar da aka dauke su wani m shari'a kansu. Kadaici da wannan fanni na dangantakar sanya shi wajibi ne don bayyana da daban-daban sharuddan kafa uniformity a cikin fassarar da kuma aikace-aikace na Categories a yi. Bari mu bincika wasu cikin su.

kowa Categories

Duniya - shi ne mai dukiyar da za a iya mallakar wani dan kasa, kungiyar, RF batutuwa, municipalities ko jihar. A cikin ƙasa yarda da delimitation na wani yunkuri na juya shi a cikin wani m abu na yakin yawa. Ciki shi iya ƙaddara da rabo - na matukar hakkin. Bã su da wani takamaiman iyaka, amma suna da wani kaddamarda nufi. Land rabo ne ake kira darajar sharuddan da rabo da gudummawar da rabo babban birnin kasar na kamfanin. A Rasha, akwai wani sa na dangantakar da zama a cikin al'umma a kan tushen da data kasance siffofin dukiya, kazalika da jerin iri amfani, disposition da mallakarsu.

Matsalar fassarar

Ya kamata a lura cewa da ikon yinsa, daga cikin shari'a tsari na ƙasar dangantakar a cikin shakka daga daban-daban na tarihi lokaci na ci gaban jihar ya halartar wasu manyan canje-canje. Duk da haka, ya gyara aikinsa, da kuma tallafi na daban-daban da dokokinta ba kawar da bukatar fassarar da sharuddan amfani. Haka kuma, a cewar wasu masu bincike, wannan bukatar ya zama musamman na gaggawa. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa zamani dokokin (tarayya musamman) a matsayin wajibi kashi hada da gabatarwa part. Yana bayar da wani terminology tsarin, da kuma bayar da wani bayani a gare su. Bincike da ci gaban zai ba da damar da definition don nuna wurin da manufar "ƙasa" a hanya tsarin, wanda shi yana da wani kai tsaye link. A cewar masana, matsalar samuwar doka criteria a kan abin da za ka iya saka wasu Categories yau ba cikakken bincika. Wannan batu ya ci gaba da zama wata babbar rata, haifar da mafi cikas a cikin msar tambayar al'amari da tilasta doka. Evaluation na dokokin nuna cewa key to irin wannan sharudda ne da irin wannan halaye na halitta abubuwa, wanda ake sa da bukatar ci gaba da aiwatar da musamman matakan da jihar su tabbatar da m amfani da samuwa albarkatun kasar.

Gost 26640-85

A wannan halin yanzu jihar misali definition da kalmar "ƙasar". Wata kila wannan shi ne kawai normative daftarin aiki dauke da fassarar Categories. A cikin sharuddan da ma'anar ba da ƙasã, ita ce wani muhimmin ɓangare na halitta yanayi. An halin sarari, sauyin yanayi, topography, ciyayi, tati, ruwa, albarkatun ma'adinai. A cewar Gost ƙasar - babban wajen samar a gandunan daji da kuma aikin noma. Yana yana da wani sarari dalilin ajiye kungiyoyi da Enterprises dukkan sassa na tattalin arziki aiki. Irin wannan definition, bisa ga masana, ba shakka, shi ne na girma m darajar. Yana bada damar da za su yadda ya kamata a shirya da kuma gudanar da cadastral takardun don warware jayayyan su. A daidai wannan lokaci masana lura cewa irin wannan fassarar ba gani duk da kaddarorin na duniya a matsayin doka category. Bayanin da aka ba a Gost lalle ƙunshi fasali na muhimmancin da ikon yinsa, daga cikin doka tsari tsakaninsu. Duk da haka, a cikin ra'ayi na tsallaka niyya manufar wannan kasa misali, watsuwar key ƙasar dukiya ne musamman kasa. Bugu da kari, da Standard ba da karfi na doka, kamar yadda abubuwa a matsayin normative daftarin aiki a kan standardization. Its kayan abinci, tabbatacce ne a kawai a cikin wata iyaka da kewayon dangantaka da al'amurran da suka shafi.