'Kosygin Reform' - tarihin tarihi

Alekseya Kosygina dauke ba kawai wani gogaggen manaja da kuma wani gwani, mai kuzari Oganeza, amma kuma mafi fasaha da hikima shugaban gwamnatin ga dukan post-yaki lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet.

Har ila yau, "Kosygin reform" ya ci gaba da yin hakan - yunkuri na farko bayan yakin da za a sauya tattalin arzikin Soviet zuwa kasuwa. Yana rufe ba kawai duk rassan masana'antu da aikin noma, amma kuma kusan dukkan duniyoyin rayuwa.

"Kosygin Reform" an yi amfani da shi wajen kara haɓaka tattalin arziki da 'yancin kai na kungiyoyi. A cewar shawarar CPSU Plenum na 1965, an yanke shawarar sake fasalin duk masana'antu. Manufar wannan yanke shawara shi ne kyakkyawan ƙaruwa don ƙara tasirin aikin su.

An yi la'akari da shi, ban da babban alamar, don gabatar da manufar sayar da kayayyaki, da ƙirƙirar asusun biyan kuɗi, yawan adadin kudade na babban bankin. Don kuma ta da hankalin kamfanonin, wani ɓangare na samun kudin shiga shine a bar su.

"Kosygin garambawul" da dama manufofin: don ƙarfafa tsaye da iko, mayar da tsakiyar ma'aikatun da masana'antu, yarjejeniyoyin da hukumomin tattalin arzikin.

An aiwatar da sake sauye-sauye na shekarar 1965 a karkashin Babban Sakataren Leonid Brezhnev. Kuma idan ya yi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da saɓo na canji, aka kaddamar da shi a karkashin magajinsa Khrushchev, to, Kosygin zai sake yin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki. Duk da cewa babu canji na mulki, babu juyin mulki na "fadar" ba zai iya kawar da buƙatun gaggawa na gaggawa ba.

Kafin a sauya tsarin gyaran, kowane mataki na haɗin gwiwar ya ƙayyade ga mafi ƙanƙantaccen bayani, duk wani ƙoƙari na aikin fasaha an katange. A dukan faɗin ƙasar, ma'aikatan soji na aiki tare da ma'anar jigonsa: "Ku ba da shirin a kowane fanni."

A kasar, "Kosygin gyara" ya hadu da rashin daidaito. Da dama daga cikin masu gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci sun ga dama da dama don samun ku] a] en ku] a] en, wa] ansu sun bayyana cewa, tattalin arzi} ar na ƙarshe.

Kamfanoni sun sami dama don su sami wadataccen tattalin arziki, saboda haka suna neman dama don kara yawan riba. A daidai wannan lokacin, sauyawa zuwa wata alama ce mai cin gashin kanta ta haifar da fatar kasa a kasar.

Duk da haka, bisa ga yawancin masana tattalin arziki, lokacin "Kosygin gyara" dangane da yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa shine mafi kyau a cikin dukkanin shekarun bayan yakin.

Duk da haka, sake fasalin ba cikakke ba ne: yana wakiltar wani tsari na rikice-rikice da rikicewa, saboda An haɓaka fadada 'yancin kai na kamfanonin tare da ƙarfafa ikon ma'aikatun.

Dukkanin batun shi ne, ta hanyar gabatar da wasu kwamitocin kasuwa a cikin tsarin da ba na kasuwa ba, tsarin gyaran Kosygin bai ba da mafi muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasuwa-farashin da aka ba da kyauta ba. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, ya iyakance tasirin irin waɗannan masu leken asiri kamar riba da riba. A sakamakon haka, kasar ta fara a boye kumbura, amfãnin ba ta kara yadda ya dace da samar, amma saboda artificially high farashin, da kuma wasu manyan matsaloli.

Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ba da da ewa ba, jagorancin jam'iyyun adawa sun ji cewa a kan ikon da suke da shi ba abin tsoro ba ne. Kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s an sake fasalin gyara, kuma ba a cimma manufofinta ba.

Gyãrãwa, ciki har da kansa Kosygin, fahimta cewa wajibi ne domin a gyara tattalin arzikin, ba Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma tushe na zamantakewa tsarin, hanyar rayuwa a kasar. Duk da haka, ba su wakiltar hanyar da za a yi wannan ba, ko da yake sun gane cewa "yaro" da suka kirkiro zai iya girgiza jihar da kuma kwanciyar hankali a kasar.