Khan Giray: biography. daular Giray

Giray daular kusan 350 shekaru na mulki da Crimean Khanate. Yana nuna duniya da yawa da suka shahara, wasu daga wanda aka mashawarta statesmen, da kuma wasu sun samu sadaukarwa a cikin sabis na kimiyya da al'adu. A karshen irin hada da sanannun art tarihi da kuma ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. A biography wannan mutumin, da kuma labarin Giray daular matsayin dukan zai zama batun mu tattaunawa.

Biography Khan Giray

Sultan Khan Giray aka haife shi a 1808 a cikin abin da yake a yanzu Adygeya. Shi ne na uku, ɗan Crimean Tatar bafadan, zo daga Khan ta irin - Mehmeda Han Giray. Bugu da kari, a cikin jijiyoyinmu malalo da Sultan kuma Circassian jini. A mafi kyau halaye na wadannan kasashen biyu suna lauye da shi.

Bayan kai shekaru 29 da haihuwa ya halarci wani adadin na yaƙe-yaƙe da Rasha Empire, yayin da ciwon da daraja na jami'in da umartarku da wani raba division. Amma a cikin Caucasian yaki, yayin da yaga shi gida, ban shiga, ko da yake, ba shakka, da ban tausayi rikici ya ce a cikin zuciya.

Khan Giray rubuta a yawan ayyuka a ethnography, almara da kuma art tarihi na Circassian mutane, da suka karbi duk duniya daraja. "Notes game Circassia" da "Circassian hadisin" daga gare su. Ya kuma - marubucin da dama ayyukan art. Amma yawancin ayyukansa aka buga kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Khan Giray kuma aka sani da halittar Adyghe haruffa.

Tun 1841 ya an rayayye yakin neman zabe a tsakanin Highlanders (a madadin gwamnatin Rasha) ga manufar sulhu. Duk da haka, ya} o} arin a banza. Giray Khan ya mutu yana da shekaru 34 da shekaru, a cikin 1842, wa ƙasar haihuwarmu.

Wannan m ya bar wani dan - Sultan Murat Giray, wanda aka haifa a cikin shekara mahaifinsa mutuwa. Amma da taimako na Sultan Khan Giray a gaban Adyghe al'adu da adabi - m.

A cewar daya daga version, shi ne a girmama Crimean Tatars son sake suna a cikin Khan Giray Kherson.

Bari mu gano da suke cikin magabatan irin wannan fice hali.

A tushe na daular Qing

The kafa daular, shugabanni na Crimea ya Haji Giray. Ya zo daga wani irin Tukatimuridov - daya daga cikin rassan daga cikin zuriyar Genghis Khan. A cewar wani version, da tushen Giray daular sauko daga Mongol irin Kireev, amma ga Genghisides aka sanya kawai daga baya ya baratar da su na yin sarauta.

Haji Giray aka haife game da 1397 a cikin ƙasa na zamani Belarus, yayin da nufin Grand Duchy na Lithuania (GDL).

A wannan lokacin, Zolotaya Orda aka faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau, aka zahiri raba cikin da dama m jihohi. Power a cikin Crimea, tare da goyon bayan da Lithuanian Grand Duke ya iya a 1441 zuwa kama Haji Giray. Saboda haka, ya zama kafa na daular, wanda ya mulki a cikin Crimea kusan 350 shekaru.

A tushen ikon

Mengli Giray - Khan, wanda ya aza harsashin ginin da ikon da Crimean Khanate. Ya kuwa ɗan Haji Giray, bayan wanda mutuwa (a 1466) a gwagwarmayar ikon tsakanin yara.

Da farko Khan shi ne ɗan fari na Haji Giray - Nur Devlet. Amma Mengli Giray yanke shawarar da ya} alubalanci dokar. Sau da yawa a cikin shakka daga wannan internecine gwagwarmaya a cikin Crimean Khanate canza mulkin. A wannan yanayin, idan Nur Devlet a da'awar da aka bisa ga ƙarfi daga cikin Golden taro da Ottoman Empire, da Mengli fare a kan na gida Crimean sani. Daga baya ya shiga yaki daya more wa - Eider. A 1477 ta gudanar ya kama da kursiyin Janibekov wanda ba ya kasance a cikin Giray daular.

A karshe, a 1478 Mengli Giray iya karshe kayar su hammayarsu da samun da qafafunku a mulki. Shi ya aza harsashin ginin da ikon da Crimean Khanate. Duk da haka, a yaki da sauran 'yan takara, sai da ya shigar da shi talakansa jihar na Ottoman Empire, da kuma ba da kudu na Crimea, wanda Turawan da kawayenta - da Genoese, a kai tsaye iko da Turks.

Crimean Khan Giray Mengli kawance da Moscow da girma taro (magaji zuwa Golden taro), da kuma Lithuania. A 1482 da sojojin fatattakakkun Kiev, wanda a lokacin da yake na ON. Lokacin da shi za'ayi taro Crimean Tatars predatory hare-hare a kan ƙasashen da Grand Duchy na Lithuania a cikin tsarin na yarda da Moscow yarjejeniyar. A 1502 Mengli Giray karshe halakar da mafi taro.

Mutu Mengli Giray a 1515.

Bugu da ari tabbatarwa daga cikin Khan ta ikon

Bugu da ari ƙarfafa Jihar Mehmed Giray - Khan, wanda ya yi mulki bayan mutuwar Mengli Giray kuma zo wa ɗansa. Ba kamar mahaifinsa, ya kasance wani saurayi ya shirya ya zama mai mulki tare da suna - kalga, wanda corresponded zuwa ga daraja da kambi yarima. Mehmed Giray sa mutane da yawa kamfen da kuma hare-hare ta shirya Mengli Giray.

By lokacin da ya Accession a kan karaga ya gudanar a hannunsa duk zaren gwamnati, don haka da cewa yunkurin da 'yan'uwansa zuwa tawaye aka ƙaddara wa gazawar.

A 1519 Krymskoe Hanstvo ya ƙara muhimmanci tun koma yankin ƙasarsu daga cikin Nogai taro. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da Nogai ci Kazakhs, kuma haka ya nemi tsari Mehmed Giray.

Lokacin da Mehmed wani canji na kasashen waje da manufofin na Crimean Khanate. Bayan da Great taro da aka ci su da mahaifinsa, da bukatar kawance da Moscow sarauta bace, don haka Mehmed Giray Khan sanya wani ƙawance da Lithuania da Rasha. A da shi a 1521 da farko manyan yakin na Crimean Tatars a Moscow sarauta da aka shirya.

Mehmed Giray gudanar ya sa a kan kursiyin da Kazan Khanate na ɗan'uwansa - Sahib Giray, game da shi mikawa da tasiri a yankin na Middle Volga yankin. A 1522, ya kama da Astrakhan Khanate. Saboda haka, Mehmed Giray zahiri gudanar da iko da wani babban ɓangare na tsohon Golden taro.

Amma zama a Astrakhan, da Khan aka haka mãye da ikonsa cewa narkar da sojojin, za ka iya amfani da detractors, wanda ya shirya wani ƙulla makirci a Mehmed Giray da kuma kashe shi a 1523.

A saman da ikon

A lokacin daga 1523 zuwa 1551 alternately mulki da 'yan'uwa da kuma' ya'yan Mehmed Giray. Wannan lokaci da aka iskar kaifi gwagwarmaya a cikin Crimean Khanate. Amma a 1551 da ya zo da iko, Devlet Giray - dan Mubarak, wanda, bi da bi, ya dan Mengli Giray. A lokacin mulkinsa, Krymskoe Hanstvo kai ganiya iko.

Devlet Giray - Crimean Khan, wanda shi ne musamman shahara hare-hare a kan Rasha jihar. Yakin wanda aka kamala a 1571, ko da kona Moscow.

Devlet Giray ya a ikon 26 shekaru da suka mutu a cikin 1577.

A weakening na Khanate

Idan dan Devlet Giray Mehmed II har yanzu gudanar da su ci gaba da girma na Crimean Khanate, sa'an nan darajar magajinsa Tatar jihar a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama ya auku muhimmanci. Mehmed II kansa a 1584, da aka kifar da Baturke sultan, amma maimakon dasa wa Islyam Giray. Wadannan Crimean khans da kadan sananne shugabanni, da, a Jihar hargitsi sun zama quite m.

A 1648, fagen fama da babban siyasa kokarin je Islyam Giray III, wani ƙawance da Zaporozhye Cossacks a cikin 'yanci yaƙi da Commonwealth. Amma wannan alliance zarar fadi baya da kuma Hetman koma dan kasa da Rasha Tsar.

A karshe mai mulki

A karshe mai mulki na Crimean Khanate bayyana Khan Shahin Giray. Ko a zamanin mulkin wanda ya gada, Devlet Giray IV na, a 1774, Krymskoe Hanstvo sami 'yancin kanta daga Ottoman Empire, kuma sun yarda da protectorate na Rasha. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin yanayi na Kuchuk Kaynarca duniya, kammala wani Rasha-Turkish yaki.

Crimean Khan Shahin Giray zo iko a 1777 a matsayin protege na Rasha. Ya aka dagagge zuwa kursiyin maimakon pro-Turkish Devlet Giray IV. Duk da haka, ko da goyon baya da Rasha da makamai, sai ya zauna loosely a kan kursiyin. Wannan ne hujja da cewa a watan Julin 1782 ya aka hambarar daga kursiyin da ɗan'uwansa Bahadir Giray, wanda ya zo ikon a kan wani kalaman na m tawaye. Tare da taimakon sojojin Rasha Shahin Giray gudanar ya sake samu kursiyin, amma ya ci gaba da sarautarsa, ya mai almarar, saboda real ikon ya ba da.

A 1783, wannan almarar da aka shafe ta. Shahin Giray hannu ya abdication, da kuma Crimean Khanate aka annexed da Rasha Empire. Kamar wancan ƙare sarautar Giray a Crimea. Board takardar shaida Shagina iya yanzu bauta wa fãce tsabar kudi Giray Khan, wanda image za a iya gani a sama.

Shahin Giray bayan da abdication rayu farko a Rasha, amma sai ya koma zuwa ga Turkey, inda a 1787 ya aka kashe a kan umarni na Sultan.

Giray daular bayan ikon asarar

Sultan Khan Giray - ba kawai irin wakilin wanda suka yadu da aka sani bayan da asarar ikon daular kan Crimea. Famous sun 'yan'uwansa - Sultan Adil Giray da Sagat Sultan Giray, wanda ya zama sananne a cikin soja filin domin amfanin da Rasha Empire.

Great-dan na Khan-Giray Giray Sultan Davlet adygskogo zama kafa na wasan kwaikwayo. Brother na karshen, Suta Crimea Giray, ya shugaban kwamitin sojan doki Division. Dukansu aka kashe a shekarar 1918 da Bolsheviks.

A halin yanzu, da lakabi na Crimean Khan nominally da'awar Dzhezzar Pamir Giray, wanda ke zaune a cikin London.

Ma'ana Gireev irin a cikin tarihin duniya

Rhode Gireev bar wani bugu a kan tarihin Crimea, da kuma tarihi na duniya baki daya. Sunan wannan daular kusan inextricably nasaba da wanzuwar Crimean Khanate - jihar, wanda a lokacin taka muhimmiyar rawa a Gabashin Turai.

Gireev tuna da wannan zamani na Crimean Tatars, shirkin da wannan irin tare da daraja sau a cikin tarihi na al'umma. Ba abin mamaki ba sun gabatar da wani shirin sake suna Khan Giray Kherson.