Iri jiragen ruwa: sunayen da hotuna

A halin yanzu da jirgin da aka kira wani soja jirgin ruwa. Motocin dakon, girma dako, girma dako, fasinja jiragen ruwa, ganga jiragen ruwa, kankara hutu da kuma sauran wakilan da fasaha shakatawa na yakin ko sayar da fleets a cikin wannan category ba a hada. Amma da zarar, a farkon kwanaki na kewayawa da mutãne ya cika a cikin fari sarari na sailing kwatance m shaci na sabon tsibiran da kuma ko nahiyoyi, wani sailing jirgin da aka dauke. A kan jirgin kowane daga cikinsu yana da bindiga, da kuma tawagar kunshi matsananciyar abõkansu shirye ya yi wani abu domin riba da kuma romance na tafiya mai nisa. A daidai wannan lokaci, a cikin wadannan m karni, akwai wani rabo a cikin daban na jiragen ruwa. List daidai da zamani tarawa zai yi wani sosai tsawo, don haka ya kamata ka mayar da hankali a kan sailing. To, watakila za ka iya ƙara wasu kwale jiragen.

galley

Don samun to su - wani unenviable rabo. Irin wannan azãba a zamanin da jiran inveterate laifi. Kuma a zamanin d Misira, da kuma Fink, kuma a Girka sun kasance. A tsawon lokaci, akwai sauran jiragen ruwa, amma galleys amfani har tsakiyar zamanai. Babban tuki da karfi ne sosai laifin, amma taimaka musu ne, wani lokacin filafili, a mike ko triangular shigar a kan biyu ko uku masts. By yau nagartacce, wadannan jiragen ruwa suka ba manyan, su kawar da shi ne kawai 30-70 ton da kuma tsawon wuya wuce mita 30, amma a kwanakin da size jiragen ruwa a general ba babbar. A shugabancin tsere zauna a cikin safu, bisa ga masana da kuma masana tarihi, ba fiye da uku a kwance tiers. Makamai gallery siffofi ballistae da raguna da baka, a baya ƙarni, wadannan soja dukiya da kuma ru da manyan bindigogi. Bugun jini, wato, gudun motsi, sarrafawa da shugabanninsu, tambayar kari na musamman kuwaru, da kuma, idan ya cancanta, da kuma bulala mai harsuna.

Barki

Iri sailing tasoshi, mu Sahaban da aka sani ga 'yan, amma wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna saba da kullum wucewa farati da kuma na kasa da kasa regattas. baji "Sedov" da "Kruzenshtern" adana a Rasha. Wadannan jiragen ruwa ba kawai nuna duniya da kyau, amma kuma taimako zuwa ga ilimi na matasa matuƙan, wucewa a kan su yi a cikin hadisin na Rasha Navy.

Saboda haka, da haushi (jinsin sunan zo daga Flemish kalmar «haushi») ne a jirgin da yawan hasumiyai daga uku zuwa biyar. Duk da filafili mike, sai domin wani QFontDatabase karye mizzen (aft mast). Bartmann-Wulf - jiragen ruwa ne quite manyan, kamar "Kruzenshtern" yana da tsawon game da 115 mita, mai nisa na 14 mita, mai ƙungiya daga mutane 70. Tun lokacin da aka gina a 1926, lokacin da tururi injuna sun riga tartsatsi a cikin ta ba tsarin da karin ikon naúrar damar kusan goma sha biyar da ɗari kilowatts, ɗora Kwatancen da biyu propellers gyarawa farar. da jirgin ta gudu, kuma yanzu ba ze kananan, tafiya cikin shakka daga cikin baji kai 17 kullin. Ganawa da irin, a general, shi ne m ga m marine na XIX karni - Bayarwa na gauraye kaya, mail da kuma fasinjoji ta ruwa Lines.

Brigantine kiwata filafili

A gaskiya, wannan baji, tare da biyu masts, kira Brigantine. Duk wani nau'i na jiragen ruwa da ya bambanta a su nufi da navigability. Brigantines kasaftawa takamaiman gudu da kuma sauƙi. Tanã gudãna, magudi gauraye a kan foresail (foremast) gudãna a mike kuma QFontDatabase da ke wakiltar. Favorite jirgin fashi na teku. Historical kafofin ambaci brigantine ake kira "Bermuda wakiltar", watau mai triangular ze tashi, ya miƙa tsakanin liktrosom da luff, amma babu wani daga cikin tsira mambobi ne na nau'in iya ba alfahari a gare su. Duk da haka, wadannan nuances ne ban sha'awa kawai kwararru.

frigates

Kamar yadda rundunar wasu iri warships bayyana, wasu bace, yayin da wasu sama a kan wani daban-daban ma'anar. An misali ne jirgin ruwa mai filafilai. Wannan ra'ayi ya tsira da daga baya iri kamar battleships, dreadnoughts , kuma ko da battleships. Gaskiya zamani jirgin ruwa mai filafilai wajen yayi dace da ra'ayi na Soviet manyan antisubmarine jirgin, amma shi sauti guntu, kuma ko ta yaya kyau. A asali ji, shi ne wani uku-masted jirgin ruwa tare da wani bene na manyan bindigogi bindigogi 20-30. Af, "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" daga XVII karni na dogon lokaci da aka kara da siffa "Dunkirk" yana nufin fifikon amfani a raba yankin na sojan ruwa wasan kwaikwayo na yaki, wanda shi ne m ga Efes-de-Calais. Wannan salon siffofi da takamaiman gudun. Sa'an nan, a matsayin radius karuwa cin gashin, suka kira kawai jirgin ruwa mai filafilai. Hijira - da talakawan ga cewa lokaci, kamar . 800-1000 m The fi shahara Rasha jirgin ruwa mai filafilai kira "Pallas", a kan shi a 1855, da aka yi mai daraja balaguro zuwa gaba na East Asia a karkashin umurnin Admiral E. V. Putyatina.

caravel

"Ta tafiya kamar caravel ..." - sung a cikin shahararrun pop song. M gano da irin sailing jiragen ruwa, kafin composing matani domin nan gaba hits. A yabo ne a bit shubuha. Ba kowace yarinya yana so a idan aka kwatanta da dauke iya aiki, da manyan fairly nauyi jirgin ruwan. Bayan haka, caravel hanci high bullied, abin da kuma iya zama a ke so uglyadet ambato.

Duk da haka, yafi a irin wannan hanya, mai kyau nautical Properties. Ya aka sani mafi yawansu duk da cewa Columbus sanya balaguro zuwa gaba na New World kasance a uku caravels ( "Santa Maria", "Pinta" da "Nina"). Outwardly, su za a iya bambanta a ce dagagge tankuna (hanci ƙara-ins), kazalika da sailing karye. Masts uku Jib mike, da kuma sauran - daga Latin (QFontDatabase) filafili.

Nufa - dogon teku, da kuma transoceanic tafiye-tafiye.

Daga kalmar "caravel" morphologically auku Rasha kalmar "jirgin". Yana ba da sunan kuma sanannen Faransa fasinja jirgin sama, shi ne da kyau sosai.

clippers

Ga azumi iyo ne duk wani nau'i na jiragen ruwa. Names of kotunan ba ko da yaushe tuna, amma akwai ban. Gaya wani da kalmar "jirgin ruwa na soja", sa'an nan kome zai tunanin wani abu - wasu "Aurora", da sauran "Varyag". Game da clippers daya ne kawai zabin - "Cutty Sark". Wannan jirgin ne mai tsawo da kuma kunkuntar jiki gangara a tarihi domin dalilai da dama, amma babban kuma mafi muhimmanci shi ne ingancin da ya gudu. Ka cece shayi daga kasar Sin, da sauri kawo mail to m mazauna da kuma cika sosai m umarni na Queen da aka bai wa clippers da su teams. Kuma su aiki da wadannan tasoshin har bayyanar steamships, da kuma a wasu lokuta daga baya.

galleons

Za ta hanyar da haihuwa iri warships, wanda zai iya ba manta game da Great Armada, wani dan takara na Birtaniya jiragen ruwa a XVI karni. The main naúrar wannan karaya karfi ya da wani Spanish galleon. Dace da kamala ba zai iya samun shi, babu sailing jirgin ruwa a lokacin. A da ginshikin ne ci-gaba caravel, tare da rage superstructure na tanki (wannan "dunƙule up your hanci" ya kusan bace), da kuma wani elongated jiki. A sakamakon haka, tsohon Spanish shipbuilders sun inganta juriya, Munã rage jure tãguwar ruwa, saboda haka, kara gudu. Maneuverability ne ma inganta. Sauran iri warships XVI karni galleon duba kusa da wani gajeren da kuma ma high (shi ne mai hasara a cewa makasudin sauki a buga). Shaci Utah (aft superstructure) sayi wani rectangular siffar, da kuma matukan jirgin ya zama mafi dadi yanayi. Yana da farko da galleons bayyana latrines (toilets), Saboda haka asalin kalmar.

Hijirar na "battleships na XVI karni" jeri daga 500 zuwa 2 dubu. Ton. Su karshe da aka kyau sosai, suka yi wa ado da m sassaka, da hanci da aka lashe tare da wani m sassaka.

schooners

Akwai irin manyan jirãge, wanda ya zama "workhorses" tsara don gudanar da wani iri-iri cargoes. Daga cikin su musamman wuri ne shagaltar da wani schooner. Yana mnogomachtovye kotu, halin a cewa akalla biyu da suka jihar Kano QFontDatabase. Su marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda ko gaff, dangane da abin da daidai da mast sanye take da slanting filafili. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa line tsakanin biyu-masted schooner marselnoy bramselnoy ko brigantine da sosai matukar. Wannan irin da aka sani daga XVII karni. Mai baza sai ya samu, a fatauci da Amurka Navy, musamman, Wolf Larsen, da hali na Jack London, da kuma tawagar hunts ga teku zakuna ne a kan jirgin. A kwatankwaci da, sauran iri motocin da wuya a sarrafa (cewar George. London wannan tsari ko da m ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa akwai). Mafi sau da yawa, da schooner sun kashi biyu da uku-masted, amma akwai lokuta lokacin da karye ya fi yawa. Original rikodin aka kafa a 1902, a lokacin da jirgin da aka saukar a cikin ruwa tare da bakwai masts ( "biyu Thomas Lawson," Quincy masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa).

Sauran nau'o'in jiragen ruwa

Photos of sailboats, ya isa a duniya regatta, a duniya, da aka buga a jaridu, mujallu, da kuma a kan shafukan yanar gizo. Irin wannan hits - ko da yaushe wani taron, da kyau na waɗannan kwanoni ne ba m ga wani abu. Barki, brigantine, corvettes, frigates, clippers, kechi, yachts ne duk wani nau'i na jiragen ruwa, na tsira, sa'a, wa yau. Wannan spectacle shagaltar da su daga rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma daukan cikin viewer a cikin karni na karshe, cike da kasada da kuma romance na tafiya mai nisa. Wannan ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa dole ne Master ma'adanin na sailing kewayawa, don haka tunanin a cikin kasashen da dama da muke da matsayin da kyau. Hawa da magudi up, tura filafili da hũra da free iska a cikin teku, shi ne mai yiwuwa a dauki su wuri a cikin zamani m management na bushe kaya, motocin dakon cruise liners balkerovozov. Irin wannan ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa za ka iya amince amince da rabo daga cikin kaya da rayukan fasinjoji, ya kāsa.