Kamar yadda aka shirya mutum: tsarin waje da na ciki na jikin mutum

Yaya mutumin yake aiki? Ga yara, amsar wannan tambaya ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba. Kuma da gaske don fahimtar wannan mahimman tsari - har ma fiye da haka. Amma duk abin da ke cikin jikin mutum yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙididdiga.

Jirgin Jiki

Ta yaya jikin mutum? Man ne mai kwayar kwayoyin. A cikin sharuddan taxonomy ne wakilin da irin Chordates. A mataki na ci gaba na amfrayo, ya kafa rukuni, tube da kuma gill a cikin pharynx. Ci gaba, an canza su zuwa kwarangwal, kwantam da kwakwalwa, kuma gabobin jiki na numfashi ya zama lambobi. Kamar kowane dabba na dabba, mutum yana ciyar da 'ya'yansa da madara, yana da mikiya, gumi da giraguni, launi da gashin fata.

Ta yaya mutum ke aiki? Jikinsa yana ƙunshe da kwayoyin halitta da suka haɗa cikin kyallen takarda. Jimlar bayanan, ta biyun, tana samar da gabobin. Duk da haka, kowane ɗayan su ba zai iya yin ayyukan ƙaddara na aiwatar da matakai masu muhimmanci ba. Sabili da haka, an haɗa gabobin a cikin tsarin ilimin lissafi da kuma aikin.

Fasali na kwayoyin dabbobi

Kwayoyin jikin mutum suna da tsarin tsari na dabbobi. Su ne eukaryotic, tun da suna da tsakiya. Wannan tsarin salon salula yana dauke da bayanin kwayoyin da ke cikin kwayoyin DNA. Ta hanyar irin abinci mai gina jiki mutum shine tsinkaye. Saboda wannan dalili, kwayoyin halitta ba su da nau'o'in giraben ƙwayoyin chloroplasts, wanda ake aiwatar da samfurin photosynthesis. Babban kwayoyin su ne mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton da centrioles.

Yadda mutum ke aiki: ainihin nau'in jikin jiki

Kungiyoyin salula waɗanda suke da haɗin tsarin da ayyuka ana kiransa kyallen. A cikin jikin mutum, nau'in nau'ikan takalma suna bambanta:

1. Epithelial - ya ƙunshi ƙananan, a kusa da sassan jikin. Yana da nauyin jikin jiki, da gabobin ciki, da nauyinta na musamman shine tushen gland. Ya ƙunshi kusan babu intercellular abu. Sikakken kwakwalwa suna aiki da kariya da metabolism tare da yanayin.

2. Haɗawa - shine tushen abin da aka hada jikin jikin mutum. Ya ƙunshi manyan Kwayoyin da suke samuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa. Hakanta iri ne na kashi, cartilaginous, m, jini.

3. Muscular - ya ƙunshi fibers waɗanda suke iya haɓakawa. Yana yin aikin motsi na jikin mutum da dukan kwayoyin halitta a fili.

4. Mai juyayi - ƙananan matuka ne suka kafa ta da matakai masu yawa wadanda ke watsa nau'o'in bayanai, samar da jikin da kewayen duniya.

Sassan jikin mutum da tsarin: fasali na kungiyar

Kowace kwaya yana da nau'o'in nama. Alal misali, zuciya yana samuwa ta jikin tsoka wanda ke kewaye da jikin mutum mai haɗi. Amma mafi yawan jiki an dauke shi fata. Bayan haka, dukkanin yankin ya kai mita 2. Me yasa fatar jikin ta zama kwaya? Domin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan takarda: epithelial da connective.

Don gane da yadda wani mutum ne, ya kamata ka saba da manufar Gabar tsarin. Misalai na irin wadannan sifofi sun san kowa: kwayoyin halitta, ƙaddarar ƙwayoyin cuta ... Kowane ɗayan su jigon kwayoyin haɗuwa ne ta hanyar aiki guda. Yi la'akari da waɗannan sassa na jikin mutum a cikin karin bayani.

Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta

Wannan tsarin shine darasi na farko a cikin tsarin jiki. Ta yaya jikin mutum? Da farko, yana dogara ne akan kwarangwal. Sashen da dama ke wakilta. Wannan shi ne kwarangwal na kai, akwati, belin da kyauta na sama da ƙananan ƙananan. Ya bambanta da sauran dabbobin, ga mutumin da ke cikin karkatattun hanyoyi. Rashin ikon motsawa yana samuwa ta hanyar tsokoki da ke haɗawa da kasusuwa tare da taimakon haɗin haɗi.

Tsarin numfashi da kuma tsarin jini

Mun ci gaba da la'akari da yadda aka shirya jikin mutum. Babu yiwuwarsa ba tare da musayar gas ba. Wannan aikin yana samuwa ta tsarin biyu a yanzu. Hanyoyin iska da huhu suna wakilci numfashi. Lokacin da suke numfashi, suna samun oxygen na iska. Daga kwayoyin jini, wannan iskar gas ta shiga ƙananan jirgi. Tare da yaduwar jini na oxygen ya zo ga kowane kwayar halitta. A cikin kishiyar shugabanci, carbon dioxide yana motsawa, wanda aka cire daga jiki ta hanyar huhu.

Tsarin jijiyoyi wakilta hudu gidajen zuciya da jini: arteries, capillaries da kuma jijiyoyinmu. Irin wannan tsarin a cikin mutum an rufe shi, saboda jini a cikin jikinsa ba ya haɗuwa da ruwa mai zurfi, amma ya kewaya a cikin tasoshin.

Ƙunƙwasawa da jin dadi

Rayuwa ta mutum ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da karawa da yanayin ba. Ana amfani da ci, janyewar jiki da kuma shayar da kayan gina jiki ta hanyar tsarin narkewa. Ta yaya jiki mutum, da kuma musamman wannan saitin gabobin? Hakan yana wakilta da murhun murya, pharynx, esophagus, ciki, ƙananan da kuma babban hanji, wadda aka bude ta hanyar budewa. Wannan tsarin tsarin narkewa ne ta hanyar irin. Amma aiwatar da ayyukansa bazai yiwu bane ba tare da glandiyoyi na musamman ba, wanda ya ɓoye enzymes wanda ya rushe abubuwa masu rikitarwa ga masu sauki. Wadannan sun hada da glandes, salmon da hanta.

Urinary wakilta wake guda biyu da kodan, ureters, mafitsara, zahiri bude tashar. Tare da taimakonsa, jiki yana kawar da ruwa mai yawa, salts da abubuwa masu guba na metabolism.

Fasali na tsarin tsarin haihuwa

Yi la'akari da yadda aka shirya mutum akan yanayin haihuwa. Yana da wani iri guda ba jiki da ciki hadi. Irin ci gaba yana tsaye. Dukkan mata da namiji sun hada da gland, ducts da sel. Duk da haka, suna da manyan bambance-bambance. A cikin mutane, wadannan gwaji ne, ƙididdigar su da wayar hannu suna da spermatozoa. Wadannan kwayoyin suna aiki kullum kuma suna iya haɗuwa.

Tsarin haifa na mace yana wakiltar ovaries, nau'o'i da lalata, gamsu da yawa. Don hadi, suna buƙatar motsawa daga glanden ganyayyaki zuwa ga tube mai layi. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wani lokaci na juyayi, wanda ake kira ovulation. Lokacin da haɗuwa suka haɗu, an kafa zygote. Ya rarraba da hankali yana samar da tsari mai yawa, wanda daga baya ya zama 'ya'yan itace. Harkokin intrauterine na amfrayo yana samar da kariya mai kariya ga karamin kwayoyin halitta a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma muhimmancin a farkon watanni na rayuwa.

Fasali na tsarin kula da mutum

Mutum kawai shi ne wani abu ne na zamantakewa. Wannan shi ne mafi girma saboda girman matakin ci gaba da tsarin mai juyayi. Ya ƙunshi kashin baya da kwakwalwa, kazalika da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin dake barin su. An haife mutum tare da wasu tsararraki marasa tunani da dabbobin dabba. Duk da haka, a lokacin rayuwar rayuwarsa, an samu samfurori da aka samu. Ta yaya kwakwalwar mutum? Ƙari mafi wuyar, idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙwararru. Ya bambanta da gurguntaccen gwano da kuma adadi mai yawa, wanda hakan ya kara yawan yanki. Sai kawai ga mutum shine maganganu na al'ada da tunanin tunani. Yana zaune a cikin al'umma kuma har zuwa wani har ya bi dokokin zamantakewa.

Dokar ayyuka

A dabi'a, a cikin irin wannan tsari mai mahimmanci, tsari na ayyuka ya zama dole. Wannan yana faruwa a lokaci guda cikin hanyoyi biyu. Tare da taimakon tsarin mai juyayi, jikin mutum yana samun bayani game da canje-canje daban-daban a yanayin muhalli kuma kusan nan take ya nuna musu. A hanyoyi da yawa ana yin wannan ta hanyar tsarin sanarwa. Mutum yana da biyar. Wannan hangen nesa, tabawa, ƙanshi, sauraro da kuma ikon gane kwayoyi. Wasu masanan sun bambanta wani abu, wanda ake kira "na shida", ko intuition. Duk da haka, ba a gano tsarin ko tsarin wannan tsarin ba ga kowa. Glandar da ke cikin lalacewa ta ciki, sakewa cikin jini na abubuwa na musamman - hormones, tsara tsarin tafiyar da ci gaba, ci gaba da kuma homeostasis. Wannan ma'anar yana nufin kasancewa da tabbaci na yanayi na ciki.

Wannan shine yadda jikin mutum ke aiki. Yana da tsarin da ke tattare da haɗin jiki, kyallen takalma, gabobin da tsarin su. Kowace wa] annan sifofin suna da babban nauyin kwarewa kuma an hade shi tare da taimakon tsarin tsarin kula da tausin zuciya da tsarin shara.