Tsarin itacen: zane. Fasali na tsarin waje na itace

Bishiyoyi sune kwayoyin halitta masu amfani da makamashi na rudun rana, sun hana tsarin sulhu na duniya da kuma taimakawa wajen daidaita ma'aunin halittu. Tsarin waje na itace ya ƙunshi sassa masu asali kamar ganye, furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ginshiƙan, rassan da asalinsu.

Fasali na tsarin waje na itace: kambi

Kambi, wanda ya ƙunshi ganye da rassan a saman bishiyar, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsaftace turbaya da sauran nau'ikan daga iska. Har ila yau yana taimakawa wajen kwantar da iska, samar da inuwa kuma rage tasirin ruwan sama a ƙasa. Ganye suna da alhakin ciyar da dukan itacen.

Sun ƙunshi chlorophyll, wanda ke inganta photosynthesis kuma ya rufe su a kore. Ganye yana amfani da makamashin rana don canza carbon dioxide da ruwa daga yanayin zuwa glucose da oxygen. Sugar, wanda shine abinci na bishiyoyi, ana amfani dashi ko adana a cikin rassan, akwati da asalinsu. An saki oxygen a cikin yanayi. Ƙungiyoyin itatuwa sun zo cikin siffofi daban-daban da kuma girma.

Barrel da rassan

Kullin da rassan, da kuma rufe jikin su, sun ƙunshi nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta da suke aiki da yawa. Wasu suna ba da ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali, wasu suna shiga cikin tafiyar da ruwa, wasu suna da alhakin adana sitaci da wasu abubuwan gina jiki.

Bark

Tsarin itace ya haɗa da muhimmiyar muhimmin abu kamar haushi. Ya ƙunshi yafi na bangarori biyu:

1. Kwancen ciki na ciki (bast) yana taka rawar jiki cikin rayuwar itacen. Kwayoyin jikinsa sun zama nau'i na ruwa wanda abin da ake ginawa a cikin ruwa ya yada zuwa wasu sassa na itace daga ganye da kuma buds inda aka sake su ta hanyar photosynthesis.
2. Ƙananan ɓawon burodi ya ƙunshi yawancin kwayoyin halitta. An rufe shi da fasa. Wannan shi ne nau'i mai kwakwalwa akan kwari, dabbobi, sanyi, zafi da wasu abubuwan waje.

Girman Girma

Tsarin bishiyar yana nuna cewa akwai wuraren da ke cikin yankuna uku, wato, sel da zasu iya raba da ninka. Biyu daga cikinsu suna samuwa a kan asalinsu da buds a kan rassan rassan, wanda ya ba da damar itacen ya girma a tsawon. Yankin na uku shine tsakanin haushi da itacen, an kira shi cambium na jini. Kwayoyinsa suna rabu biyu ciki da waje, wato, a duk inda. Sabili da haka, a cikin riga an riga an kafa sabon ɗakun ciki na ciki na maiwo. Cambium yana daya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don ci gaban bishiyoyi, dawo da su cikin cututtuka da kariya daga lalata.

Tushen tushen

Anatomic fasali na waje itace tsarin hada da rashi na core a tushen tsarin, wani ƙara adadin parenchyma, ko ake kira rayayyun tantani. Tushen suna da ƙananan fiber da ƙananan ƙwayar zobba fiye da ɓarna da rassan. Tsarin ƙasa na bishiyar (tushen tsarin) yana da muhimmancin aikin aiki. Tushen suna daidaita don shawa da riƙe ruwa da ma'adanai a yanayin haske mara kyau. Sun kuma buƙatar magungunan oxygen, wanda suke cirewa daga wani karamin wuri tsakanin sassan ƙasa.

Wani muhimmin aiki na tushen tsarin shi ne kula da tsire-tsire a matsayi mai kyau. Duk bishiyoyi suna da tushen layi, wanda ya kasance a cikin kananan ƙananan kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙara a cikin jirgin saman kwance. Wasu itatuwan suna da tushen tushe, wanda ya kai mita 7. Kowace tushe an rufe shi da dubban gashin gashi, wanda ya ba shi damar sauke ruwan da saukewa kuma ya narkar da ma'adanai daga ƙasa. Yawancin tushen tsarin yana a cikin kasan ƙasa.

Core

A lokacin girma, tsoffin tsohuwar sel a tsakiya na bishiyar ya zama mai aiki da rashin aiki, kuma a karshe ya mutu, ya zama zoben da aka cika da glucose, dyes da man fetur, don haka tsakiya ya fi duhu fiye da sauran gangar jikin. Babban aikin shi ne don tallafawa itace. Xylem yana kunshe da kananan yadudduka na itace, ta hanyar ruwa da kayan aikin gina jiki daga hawa zuwa ganye da wasu sassa na itacen. Cambium wani nau'i ne mai nauyin nama, wanda a cikin ci gaban girma ya samar da sabon sel wanda ya zama ko dai xylem ko phloem. A wasu kalmomi, wannan shi ne abin da ke ƙarfafa kututture da rassan a diamita.

Sassan itace ga yara

Tsarin itace ga yara yafi kyau ya bayyana tare da yin amfani da kayan abu na gani. Don taimakawa yara da wasu irin ciyayi zasu iya taimakawa da dama hotuna, launin launi, zane-zane. Zaka iya amfani da ɗawainiya na al'ada, gabatar da tsara hotuna, da sauransu. Babbar abu ba wai ta rufe shi ba ne kuma ta cika da yaron tare da cikakkun bayanai. Don fara kyau tare da hoto daya, ƙara da hankali da kuma karfafa wasu zane, ƙarin bayani. Don ƙarfafa nazarin ya zama dole a cikin tsari mai ban sha'awa, ta yin amfani da labaran, rhymes da labaran labaran. Idan ka bayyana wa yara yadda tsarin bishiyar ya kasance, makirci da ma'anar ya kamata ya kasance mai sauƙi da sauƙi yadda zai yiwu. Alal misali, tushen shine ɓangare na itace wanda ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Akwati yana goyon bayan kambi da rassan da ganye ke girma. Muryar tana kare itacen daga zafi, sanyi, asarar laima da lalacewa da sauransu.
Bishiyoyi suna da muhimmanci a duniya. Suna ba da itace don gina da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara don yin takarda. Suna samar da mazauni ga kowane irin kwari, tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobi. Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kwayoyi masu yawa suna girma a bishiyoyi, ciki har da apples, orange, walnuts, pears da peaches. Ko da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na da amfani da kuma hidima a matsayin abinci don kwari kuma ba kawai. Bishiyoyi na taimakawa tsaftace tsabtataccen iska, da kuma kullun yanayin lafiya. Muna hawan oxygen kuma muna numfasa carbon dioxide. Bishiyoyi suna sha carbon dioxide kuma sun watsar da oxygen. Abun hulɗa ne kawai! Tsarin itacen (hoton da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) ya haɗa da wasu adadin sassa, kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin muhimmin aiki na dukan tsire-tsire.