Jaundice Tasrifu: ganewar asali, haddasawa, magani

Jaundice ba mai raba cuta, shi ne kawai wani alama na wasu pathologies. A lokuta da dama, yana iya zama physiological, cewa shi ne da alaqa da wani ciwo (a jarirai). Dalilin wannan yanayin ne ya kara a bilirubin, wanda ya bada icteric canza launi da fata, mucous membranes da sclera.

Jaundice: Nau'in

Wannan jiha ne inextricably nasaba da abun ciki na bilirubin a cikin jini. Duk da haka, shi sa da karuwa iya zama daban-daban. A wasu lokuta, tabbatas da hanyar kyale ake zargin Pathology a cikin jiki, wanda na bukatar nan da nan magani. Dangane da version of bilirubin metabolism cuta da dama iri jaundice:

1. Tasrifu jaundice, wanda shi ne wani sakamako na sosai Tasrifu na bilirubin. Wannan shi ya auku a jarirai.
2. Parenchymal jaundice tasowa a yawan hanta pathologies. Da shan kashi na parenchyma na jiki (mutuwar aikin Kwayoyin - hepatocytes) da ke sa shi yiwuwa a kama bilirubin kuma ta kara musayar.
3. Obstructive jaundice, wanda ya auku a take hakkin da outflow na bile. An hade da cututtuka da taimakawa wajen rufe ko takaita da lumen na bile bututu. Wannan abu ya faru a cholelithiasis da kuma samuwar ƙari.
4. Hemolytic jaundice - Pathology hade da Lalacewar ja jini Kwayoyin. Bilirubin - pigment abin da ya auku a lokacin da rashin lafiya na haemoglobin, don haka dagagge erythrocyte lysis take kaiwa zuwa ƙara da matakin.
5. Kernicterus - m, kuma mafi m irin. Yana auku a cikin hali idan da tayin da aka fallasa su hypoxia a lokacin cin ko haihuwa asphyxia. Har ila yau, a cikin hanyar iya zama da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mata masu ciki. A hatsari ne cewa pigment accumulates a jijiya Kwayoyin na kwakwalwa, wadda take kaiwa zuwa daban-daban neurological cuta, da kuma iya ko zama m.

Tasrifu jaundice a jarirai

Jaundice faru a jarirai ne physiological, tun da shi ba a hade tare da wani pathological tsari. Yana tasowa, yawanci 3-5 days bayan haihuwa. Yadda aka saba, ja jini Kwayoyin da ake gittar da m sabuntawa, wanda yana tare da hemolysis - halaka su. A manya, da hanta da aka kafa cikakken, don haka da bilirubin, wanda aka sake ta lalace daga wadannan Kwayoyin da lokacin don sadarwa da kuma ba ya tara a cikin jini.

The asibiti hoto a jarirai da ake dangantawa da wani m sabuntawa na ja da maikacin jini, da dangi hanta gazawar. Wannan jiki ne ba tukuna cikakken kafa, mafi sau da yawa irin wannan jaundice auku a wanda bai kai jariran. Bilirubin fara gina a cikin jini, sa'an nan accumulates a cikin fata da kuma mucous membranes, ba su da wani halayyar launi. Peaking a cikin na uku-rana ta biyar. wadannan cututtuka sa'an nan shude tun da musayar bilirubin hankali dawo al'ada.

Menene wannan yanayin?

Tasrifu jaundice (ICD-10) dabam a cikin kasa da kasa rarrabuwa ba kasaftawa. Yana yana P59.0 tsarinsa biyu neonatal jaundice, wanda yake shi ne sakamako da wanda bai kai ba bayarwa, da kuma ake dangantawa da hyperbilirubinemia. Details aiwatar aka bayyana a sama.

Tasrifu nau'i na cutar faruwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin yara. Wannan dõgẽwa jaundice a jarirai, kazalika da yanayin da cewa tasowa a wanda bai kai ba jarirai da kuma yara da fallasa su asphyxia. A Sanadin matsaloli ne sau da yawa hereditary da endocrine Pathology (misali, syndromes Lyutseya-Driskopa da Gilbert). Wannan kungiyar hada da miyagun ƙwayoyi jaundice.

Bilirubin - abin da yake da shi?

Wannan sunan da aka bai wa pigment, wanda yake shi ne samfurin na rugujewar haemoglobin. A wasu yawa shi sa canza launi da fata da kuma mucous membranes. Bilirubin - mafi muhimmanci bincike rarrabẽwa, kamar yadda ta karuwa bayyana a pathological tsari da kuma fara magani. The adadin pigment nuna jihar na hanta da kuma biliary fili.

A cikin jiki, da bilirubin da aka samu a biyu siffofin - kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba. Origin protrudes biyu hira samfurin. Kai tsaye ba bilirubin ne mai guba da kuma tunawa fats. Ya ba excreted daga jiki. Rayuwa cuta, wannan tsari za a iya tara, samar da wani mai guba sakamako a jiki. Yadda aka saba, shi ne tuba zuwa cikin kai tsaye bilirubin ne nontoxic. Tasrifu jaundice auku saboda keta ta metabolism.

Exchange bilirubin

A tushen wannan pigment ne haemoglobin - babban bangare ne na ja da maikacin jini. A lalata na ja jini cell haemoglobin aka saki da kuma fallasa tsakiyan nonon. Wannan tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin na musamman macrophages gabobin (bargo, hanta da saifa). A sakamakon da tsakiyan nonon kafa heme da globin. A farko canza kama zuwa biliverdin - da gada na kai tsaye ba bilirubin. Its samuwar biliverdin da alaka da ayyuka na musamman enzymes, daga gare su - da cytochrome P-450, heme oxygenase. Bugu da ari, kaikaitaccen bilirubin a shiryar da a hanta Kwayoyin inda shi ta ɗaure zuwa glucuronic acid. Kamar wancan kafa kai tsaye bilirubin, wanda aka adana a cikin gall mafitsara sa'an nan fallasa tukar tumbi cikin duodenum. Hanji microflora taimaka wa ta rage zuwa urobilinogen. Sashe na daga shi ne batun sha, sharan ana tuba zuwa sterkobilinogena da excreted a cikin faeces, ba shi da wani halayyar launi.

Laboratory gwaje-gwaje iya nuna cewa bilirubin aka dagagge. Abin da ake nufi? An karuwa a matakin iya hade da wani cuta, bukata m bincike da kimantawa. Physiological karuwa a bilirubin lura a jarirai.

asibiti hoto

Duk da cewa ga jarirai halin da ya karu bilirubin, na asibiti manifestations da ake gyarawa ba a duk. Alama ba jihar - launi bayyanar icteric. Ya bayyana ba kawai fata amma kuma a kan mucous membranes. Fisiolojikal jaundice Tasrifu wuce kada a gane shi, amma idan ba haka ba, ya kamata a da ake zargi Pathology.

bincikowa da

Jaundice iya zama ba kawai a physiological jihar, amma kuma wani alama na wani rashin lafiya. Idan yaro yana da wani takamaiman launi na fata da kuma mucous membranes, shi na bukatar m monitoring da wani pediatrician. Har ila yau a cikin irin wannan hali bukatar sarrafa matakin na bilirubin. Yawanci, a farkon kwanaki na rayuwa yawan kai 60 mmol / l, amma ba more. Bugu da ari, wannan matakin ƙaruwa (3-7 hours).

Yawanci, ta ƙara bilirubin hadari, kuma yana da wani sakamako a kan mai guba baby ta jiki, duk da haka, matakin kamata ba ƙetare da ake kira iyakar muhimmanci - 205 pmol / l. Bilirubin ya karu - wanda ke nufin irin wannan canji? Jaundice ne pathological da bukatar gaggawa magani. Idan wannan adadi ne daidai, amma jaundice ci gaba na dogon lokaci, an dauke da Tasrifu, cewa shi ne, wanda shi ne dalilin da rashin ci gaba na hanta enzyme tsarin.

Jiyya Tasrifu jaundice

Bayan da jarrabawa, aka ƙaddara jaundice physiological ko pathological. A farko ba ya bukatar wani magani da kuma ƙare a kan kansu, kuma ba tare da wata alama. Tsawo jaundice (Tasrifu) kara da kanta ma, a lokacin da enzyme tsarin da hanta karshe balagagge. Duk da haka, idan yawan wuce wani m bilirubin matakin da ya kamata a gano Pathology. Yana iya zama kwayar hepatitis, bile bututu toshewa, ko hemolytic jaundice.

kwayar hepatitis

Wannan Pathology za a iya wuce daga wani kamuwa da yaron da mahaifiyarsa. A sakamakon haka, da jariri da aka haife tare da hepatitis kwayar halitta. Effect da cutar a farkon matakai na fetal ci gaban zai iya sa kara jiki da munanan. A fasalin da cutar, sabanin hepatitis B a manya, shi ne mafi tsanani hanya. Pathology iya bayyana kanta ko da a gaban farko na jaundice. Sau da yawa akwai wani karuwa a yawan zafin jiki, tabarbarewar ci kuma kadan catarrhal mamaki. A wasu lokuta preicteric lokaci a jarirai asymptomatic.

Zargin gaban hepatitis B iya zama ta hanyar ganowa canje-canje a cikin launi na fitsari da kuma tumbi. Complete jini bincike halin da rage na leucocyte da erythrocyte sedimentation kudi. Monocytes aka ma dan kadan karu. Lokacin da icteric form ya kasance wani gagarumin karuwa a bilirubin, kuma thymol. Domin da wuri ganewar asali da cutar ne da za'ayi wani binciken a hanta enzymes. A nauyi aiwatar ce kaifi rage na prothrombin da kuma kara ammonia.

Jiyya na yara ne da za'ayi, yawanci a wani asibiti. A far hadawa da antiviral kwayoyi gepatoprotektory, bitamin, kazalika da cholagogue. Shawarar cewa a detoxification far. Daga cikin wadanda ba magani hanyoyin cewa gaba pharmacotherapy bukatar gado natsuwa.

hemolytic jaundice

Wannan Pathology ake dangantawa da hemolysis na ja da maikacin jini, shi ne mai hadarin gaske. Dalilin da sãɓã wa jũnamai a cikin ni'imar RH factor da uwar yaron, cewa shi ne RH-rikici. Pathology sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa - da mutuwa kudi ne 60-80%. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar RH rikici na iya haifar da maras wata-wata zubar da ciki.

rigakafin

Taimaka hana jaundice riko ciki da nono ma bukatar yau da kullum checkups pediatrician. Idan jaundice wanda bai kai ba tukuna don ci gaba, na bukatar yau da kullum na saka idanu na matakin na bilirubin a cikin jini.

Marasa lafiya da jaundice halin da rarrabe launin fata da kuma mucous membranes. Wannan alama iya nuna gaban cuta ko daidai da physiological canje-canje a cikin jiki (dõgẽwa neonatal jaundice).

ƙarshe

Bayan ganewa na jaundice ake yi sauri domin sanin matakin na bilirubin da kuma kara ganewar asali. Tasrifu jaundice a jarirai wuce fiye da mai shudewa, amma shi ne ma mai lafiya. A gwani kamata sake tabbata iyaye da kuma sanya jarrabawa. Matsayin mai mulkin, babu rikitarwa da aka kiyaye.