A abun da ke ciki na kankare ga kafuwar: da rabo da 1m3. A kankare ga kafuwar: abun da ke ciki

A mafi m abu a cikin shiri ne kankare. Ba tare da shi ba za ka iya gina wani gidan ko waƙa bayar da damar gudanar. Kankare - wani karfi m abu, kuma idan shi ne ya karfafa ƙarfafa, da ƙarfi, kuma karko suna ƙara muhimmanci.

Kafuwar wani tsari ne da kafuwar cewa Bears ba kawai da nauyin da dukan gini, amma kuma iska da kuma dusar ƙanƙara lodi. A karfi shi ne, da hakan kuma mafi iya gina.

Akwai da dama iri na tushe: monolithic karfafa kankare, tara, precast kankare.

A kankare cakuda

A cikin mutum gini daya daga cikin mafi rare iri na kafuwar - a monolithic bel. Yana da sauki a cikin zane, kawar da buƙata domin na musamman kayan aiki da kuma da kansa ya Mix kankare ga kafuwar. Gwargwado - abun da ke ciki na gyara a cikin cakuda da su rabo. Its take hakkin zai haifar da lalacewar da kayan. Maimakon mai karfi da kuma m kankare, za ka iya samun rauni Tsarin batun m, halakarwa.

Na musamman muhimmancin ne abun da ke ciki na kankare ga kafuwar. A rabbai na gyara na cakuda da za a kiyaye sosai da sosai.

Don samun high quality kankare, shi wajibi ne don amfani mai kyau da kuma cika. A abun da ke ciki qunshi wata cakuda da yashi, siminti, crushed dutse ko tsakuwa da kuma ruwa.

yashi

Yana iya zama halitta ko wucin gadi. A barbashi size jeri daga 1.2 zuwa 3.5 mm. Yashi dole ne free of wani impurities kamar yumɓu ne, silt da sauran, don haka a cimma tsarki na kasa, shi ne zama dole raraka da kuma tsabta. Lokacin aiki a hunturu yanayi wajibi ne don zafi da yashi. Add daskararre kankare tara ne unacceptable.

Tsakuwa ko dandaƙewa dutse

Wadannan inert kayan ne babban bangaren na kankare mix. Su adadin a kankare ya kamata game da 80%. sulusi da murabba'i size da ake amfani da daga 5 zuwa 70 mm (dangane da aiki). Wadannan fillers kuma wanke daga impurities.

ciminti

Shi ne babban bangaren, wani ɓangare na kankare ga tushe, ta rabo a cikin cakuda da ya kamata a kiyaye da matuqar kula. A wannan dogara da ingancin, ƙarfi kuma sa na kankare. Yawanci amfani da sansanonin sojin na'ura Portland sumunti M300 ko M400, halin hardiness da kuma m karfin ci gaba. Higher sa ne mafi tsada da aka yi amfani da kananan m Tsarin.

Don samun ingancin kankare ga kafuwar, rabo, abun da ke ciki na kunshe a cikin cakuda da aka gyara an kiyaye daidai.

Shiryayye rayuwa a wani karamin sumunti. Lokacin da ka sayi shi wajibi ne don duba a cikin kayan kwanan watan yi. Better ya dauki wani ciminti sanya ba daga baya fiye 1-2 watanni da suka wuce. Lokacin da improperly adana, ya na da ikon samun danshi da kuma sauri kafa. Amma a bushe wuri na dogon lokaci shi ne ba da shawarar a store. A daina ne sumunti, da kasa zama ya alama kuma, daidai da, za a fi amfani da kasa karko.

Saboda haka, ajiya kayan cikin watanni 6 zai rage alamar ta 25% a kan shekara - by 40%, da kuma shekara biyu da iri ya halved. Wannan shi ne, na M400 ciminti so M200, wanda shi ne fit kawai cewa hanya a cikin lambu.

ruwa

Wannan shi ne babban m bangaren, wani ɓangare na kankare ga kafuwar. A rabbai na ruwa da kuma sauran fillers da aka lasafta shan la'akari da yawa daga cikin kankare. Domin da wuya kankare shi ya zama kasa, kuma ga roba - more.

The hulda da ruwa da kuma ciminti kankare farawa a sinadaran dauki solidification. Wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci tsari, shi ya dogara da ƙarfin da tsarin. A muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da ingancin ruwa, babu wani unacceptable kazamta mai irin kitse, acid, sulfates. Duk wannan zai karya kankare magance tsari. Ba za ka iya amfani da sharar gida da ruwa ko fadama. The aiki ne mafi alhẽri ya dauki sha.

Abin da kuma yadda ya

A cikin mutum gini an dade da ayyana ta da rabo daga kankare ga kafuwar. A ganiya abun da ke ciki daga cikin cakuda - shi ne wani sashi sumunti, uku sassa na hudu sassa na yashi da kuma murƙushe dutse (1/3/4). Ruwa mai zuba akayi daban-daban. Idan formwork ne karfi da karfafa, da mafi alhẽri shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin kankare frame ne mafi ductile, idan ba haka ba, zai iya zama da wuya a yi, don haka da sauri ta taurare, da ƙarfi zai zama mafi girma.

Wajibi ne a nan da nan sanin abin da manufar kana so ka tsirar kankare. Idan wannan shi ne hanya a cikin lambu, sa'an nan suka isasshen M100 kankare, sa'an nan shi wajibi ne don kara dankon aminci da dukan bangare na 1/11. Idan wannan tushe ko wasu alhakin gini, da siminti a cakuda ya zama ¼ na jimlar nauyi.

Lokacin da ya zama dole to ba wani adadin da abun da ke ciki na kankare ga kafuwar, rabbai da 1m3 dauka ne:

• Sand - 0.395 M3.
• Tsakuwa - 0,87 M3.
• Siminti - 0,193 M3.
• Ruwa - 0,179 M3.

Wannan kwarara daga inert da kuma dauri kayan a cikin kankare iri M200, idan kana bukatar wani mafi girma da daraja, da adadin ciminti ƙaruwa.

Akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin ruwa-ciminti rabo, shi ya dogara da yi da kuma inganci daga cikin cakuda da kuma, bi da bi, da kuma dukan abin da aka kafa.

Idan ka ƙara ƙarin ruwa matsayin, na kankare plasticity karuwa, yana da sauki ga ci gaba a cikin formwork, amma rage maki lokaci saitin bukatar karin.

Ƙara wani karami adadin ruwa zai kara da stiffness na kankare, daga ta stowage wannan rikitarwa, kuma a sosai karfafa Tsarin iya samun voids, abu zuwa weakening na dukan monolithic tef. Saboda haka wajibi ne a bambanta da adadin ruwa don samar fi inganci cakuda.

A takaice, don samun mai kyau kafuwar ga kankare abun da ke ciki, da rabbai na ruwa da kuma ciminti dole ne irin wannan cewa cakuda da aka cushe a cikin mold, maimakon zuba. Sanya kankare dole batun compacting, shi ne yake aikata ko da wani musamman lantarki vibrator ko da nufin a hannun - wani shebur, kayan aiki.

Production na kankare a kankare mahautsini

Domin saukaka concreting na monolithic constructions, akwai da yawa iri mixers. Suna iya zama damar for polkuba, da cubic mita da rabi cubic mita ko fiye.

Yadda za a yi kankare ga kafuwar? Rabo daga daya tsari mixers bottoms ne kamar:

• Sand - 650 kg (yawa - 1400 kg / M3).
• MacAdam - 1300 kg (yawa - 1350 / M3).
• ciminti - 300 - 350 kg (game da 6-7 bags).
• ruwa - 180 kg.

The fitarwa ne a kankare M300 (lambobin nuna cewa samfurin shigen sukari 10x10 cm na kankare wannan alama zai iya tsayayya da wani compressive karfi na 300 kg / cm2).

A Enterprises ga masana'antu kankare amfani da yashi-tsakuwa cakuda, cikinsa da rabo daga tsakuwa da yashi riga couched a dace rabbai.

Kamar yadda fillers duk da kusan guda girma yawa za a iya auna buckets abun da ke ciki na kankare tushe. Rabbai a cikin buckets zai zama: ciminti - 25 m 43 yashi, tsakuwa - 90 Ruwa - 18.

25 buckets ciminti - game 6-7 bags (lasafta ta 1 M3 na shirye-gauraye kankare). Ga wani karamin ciminti mahautsini a kan guga m aka dauka:

• yashi - biyu buckets.
• murƙushe dutse ko tsakuwa - hudu buckets.
• ruwa - rabin guga.

Za ka iya karba da rabo daga aggregates don haka kamar yadda samu kankare na wannan alama, amma ciminti abun ciki a cikin shi zai zama daban-daban.

A lissafi na bukata yawa da kuma abun da ke ciki na kankare

A yi zane bayar da aikin kayyade girma amfani da nauyin duk kayan. A cikin mutum gini, idan babu wani aikin, da lissafi ne sanya a kan nasu. Yana da muhimmanci a sami dama abun da ke ciki na kankare ga kafuwar. Yadda yin lissafi da shi domin kada su rasa?

Da farko kana bukatar ka fahimci yadda yawa kankare ake bukata domin dukan girma daga cikin tsarin. Wajibi ne a auna tsawon dukan kafuwar kewaye. Kowane gefe dauke dabam. Misali. Belt tsawon - mita 10 na Gudun, da tsawo - 1 m, nisa - 0.5 mita ninka, shi dai itace cewa mai zuba daga kafuwar dole 5 M3 kankare. Har ila yau, mun lissafta da girma daga cikin sauran bangarorin. Bayan ƙara duk da yawa samu, misali, 20 M3 daga cikin cakuda.

Misali: 20 M3 gama kankare M300 zama dole:

• ciminti - 7,000 kg.
• Sand - 13000 kg.
• murƙushe dutse ko tsakuwa - 26000 kg.
• Ruwa - 3600 kg.

Wasu shawarwari domin bayar da damar gudanar

Kirgawa adadin kankare domin zuba kafuwar, shi wajibi ne ga sakamakon taro ƙara wani 10-15 bisa dari ga contingencies, asarar a lokacin kawowa, shigarwa, da dai sauransu Mai zuba kankare cikin tsari dole yadudduka na 25-30 cm kowane, tare da tilas compaction. Na biyu kuma m yadudduka da shawarar yi makarkata ko huda shebur bawuloli tare da fahimtar baya ga dam zane ya ba ya faru.

Idan rana ba aiki don sa kankare a saman kafuwar, tare da baya Layer tare da wata waya goga, cire ciminti fim. Wannan ne yake aikata wata makoma na haihuwa da kuma sabon kankare mannewa. Grout bada shawarar yi a kan sabo surface lokacin da kankare ɗauka da sauƙi riƙo, amma ba tukuna cikakken daskararre. All sludge sakamakon grout film ya kamata a cire.