Izhora (mutane): Fage kuma Tarihi

Izhora mutane - da kalla yawa daga cikin dukan sauran al'umma da suke zaune a Rasha. Ga akwai game da mutane 200, 60 daga cikinsu har yanzu rayuwa a Estonia. Wannan ethnonym aka samu daga Yaren mutanen Sweden kalmar Ingermanland - abin da ake kira ƙasar kudu na Gulf of Finland. Akwai iri biyu game da inda wannan sunan, ko dai a madadin Ingigerda, matar Yaroslava Mudrogo, ko a madadin na zamanin d Rasha Prince Igor, ɗan Rurik.

Saboda haka abin da aka sani game da kabilun Izhora? Janar bayani game da mutanen da sanya kasa zai taimake ka ka koyi.

Yankin ƙasar da shiri

A 12-13 karnoni Izhors rayu a kan ko dai gefen Neva, game da iyakokin ƙauyukansu sun Sister River Tosna, Nazia. A farkon 16th karni dũkiyõyinsu kai kogin Oredezh River a kudu. Amma sai da ƙasa fara Taper kashe, da farko ya bace ƙauyuka a cikin Karelian Isthmus, sa'an nan a kusa da gabar teku yankunan University sa'an nan a Oredezh River. Yanzu Izhors kasance kawai a cikin Lomonosov da Kingisepp gundumar Birnin Leningrad yankin. Wasu wakilan na wannan al'umma sun koma St. Petersburg. Duk da haka, kada ka manta da su Tushen kuma gane kansu kamar yadda Izhors.

Duk da haka, babban rai yanki - Soikinsky Larabawa, wanda ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin Luga da Koporskaya lebe. The halitta fasali na yankin irin wannan cewa an kusan ware daga ɓangaren duniya na cikin jerin tabkuna da kuma m swamps. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane a cikin wadanda ƙauyuka Izhora iya kula da al'adu, duk da ainihin kusanci zuwa arewacin babban birnin kasar.

labarin

A farko ambaci al'ummai-Izhora aka samu a cikin Bull Paparoma Alexander, rubuta a cikin 12th karni. Ba da da ewa a Turai, shi ya zama sananne cewa Izhora - mutane da karfi da kuma kawo hadari. A tarihin Rasha Izhors farko da aka ambata a cikin 13th karni masõya daga Novgorod. Sun kasance sũ ne ke da alhakin kariya daga bakin teku yankunan daga Swedes.

Amma a 1611, ƙasarsu har yanzu kama Sweden, saboda haka da yawa 'yan asalin Izhors mayar da su cikin ƙasa batun Rasha. Amma a 1721, Bitrus da Great nasara cikin ƙasar, kuma suka zama wani ɓangare na St. Petersburg lardin.

A ƙidaya 1732 ya nuna cewa a kan ƙasa na Ingermanland akwai game da 14 da rabi dubu izhoryan. A cikin karni na 19th, su yawan ƙara dan kadan - har zuwa 18 dubu. Statistics a 1926 ya nuna da wadannan Figures: 16137 mutane.

Amma yakin duniya na II kawo game da canje-canje: mafi yawan 'yan asalin mutane da aka dauka zuwa kasar Finland da yawa ƙauyuka kawai shafe ta. Sa'ad da suka koma zuwa rayuwa a gida, sun kasance bã ba, kuma koma Siberia, inda za a adana su kabilanci ainihi da kuma harshen da ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu. Wadanda Izhors cewa rayu a kan Karelian Isthmus, kuma assimilated da ke yankin. Native jawabai da kuma 'yan qasar al'adu sun kawai mazauna Kingisepp District (arewa maso yammacin tsohon Ingria), kazalika da wasu mazauni na kauyuka a kan kogin Kovash.

Tereré Izhora - Mutane mutuwa fita. A 1959, akwai dan kadan fiye da dubu, a shekarar 1970 - 781, da kuma a 1989 - 276. A mafi yawan 'yan data - shi ne 266 mutane (2010). Shi ne kaico cewa talakawan shekaru 68-70 shekaru, wanda ke nufin cewa, bayan 'yan shekaru a matsayin Izhora kabila iya bace gaba ɗaya.

harshe

A nasa ne da Baltic-Finnish kungiyar. Izhora yana da dama yarukan:

• Sojkinskaja.
• hevasky.
• nizhneluzhsky.
• oredezhsky.

Sojkinskaja ne asali, shi ne magana da yawancin Izhora Larabawa. Hevasky kowa a cikin Lomonosov gundumar. A nizhneluzhski ce a cikin ƙananan kai na cikin kogin Luga, wanda ya ji wani karfi tasiri Votian saboda Vod da Izhora live akwai gauraye. Oredezhsky bace a farkon 1930, lokacin da ya mutu karshe kafofin watsa labarai. An yi imani da cewa shi ne cleanest dukan yaruka, domin tserewa da tasiri na Finnish harshe.

Amma an ne kawai farko a cikin baka Izhora kabila. A mutane ba su ma da kansa haruffa. Rubuta a Izhora kawai ya bayyana a 1930 a kan shirin na gwamnatin a cikin tsarin na al'adu ci gaban shirin na kananan al'ummomi. A kan tushen da Latin haruffa haruffa da aka halitta, sa'an nan kuma ɓullo da wani hadade nahawu. Ko da a cikin makaranta, na gudanar a cikin 'yan qasar harshen Izhora, ga abin da litattafan da aka wallafa. Duk da haka, wannan shirin nan da nan ya juya. Yanzu kawai rabin Izhora nasu harshe, saboda haka a shekarar 2009 ya aka kunshe a cikin "Atlas of Duniya ta Harsuna a Hadari" ta UNESCO.

bauta

Izhora - al'umma tare da wani arziki ruhaniya al'adu. Don ƙarni Izhors sun Majusawa, amma a cikin karni na 13th, suka fara rayayye maida su Orthodoxy. Bayan Sweden lashe da ƙasashensu, da aka shukakkun Lutheranism, duk da haka, shi ba ya nutse saiwoyinsa da zurfi. Yanzu addini Izhora kunshi wani symbiosis Kiristanci da kafirci. Alal misali, har yanzu riƙe bangaskiya a cikin ruhohi ƙasar, da ruwa, da masu tsaron hearth, bauta alfarma itatuwa, duwatsu, da sauransu.

crafts

Traditional aikin da Izhora anciently sun noma. Cattle wuya kiyaye. Yana da aka ɓullo kumar kasko da itace. Fishing herring da smelt Izhora shi ne babban samun kudin shiga na jihar bakin teku yankunan har kwanan nan. Amma, abin takaici, wannan kifi ya kusan daina za a kama a can saboda kiwo na daya jinsunan crustaceans. Saboda haka, da tsofaffi tsaya a cikin kauye, da kuma 'ya'yansu da jikoki sun dogon gudun hijira zuwa manyan birane, yafi a St. Petersburg, a search na aiki mai kyau.

al'ada

Izhora - mutane ne quite rarrabe. Daya daga cikin ban sha'awa abubuwa na kasa dress ne na musamman wuya (sappano) cewa mace sa, ba tare da cire rana ko dare. Traditional mata da maza shirt (ryatsinya) aka ado tare da m ornamentation da wani m zare lazimta a wuyansa. Har ila yau ya rataya mace bel ado da beads da cowrie bawo.

Material al'ada ya kusa Rasha. Wannan a fili take a cikin gargajiya bukkoki, da kuma kayan aikin noma. Songs, Makoki - shi ne wani muhimmin sifa duk ayyukan hajji, suka fara da bikin aure da kuma kawo karshen tare da jana'izar.

Sananne ne ga dukan duniya runopevitsa Larin Paraske, ta waqe, songs aka kunshe a cikin almara "Kalevala". A abin tunawa, depicting shahara izhorku, tsaye, a tsakiyar birnin Helsinki.

Zai yiwu zarar za a kawai tunanin wannan sau daya-al'umma mai iko. Amma idan dai akwai karshe wakilan Izhora, da rai da kuma ga zamanin d al'adu.