"Ivan Gren" - a Rasha manyan saukowa jirgin na aikin 11711

Events na 'yan shekarun nan sun bayyana cewa jihar dole bukatar wani iko da jiragen ruwa, wanda za a iya yi daban-daban ayyuka. Abin baƙin ciki, da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma tarzomar events sun tsanani gurgunta da Rasha Navy ta defenses. Duk da haka, kwanan nan gwamnatin biya mai yawa da hankali ga wannan matsalar, kullum sa a cikin sabis sabon tasoshin. Wadannan sun hada da wani da kyau "Ivan Gren" manyan saukowa jirgin.

Don kwanan wata, sanannun ne "Zubr" ayyukan da "Moray", wanda a wannan ranar ci gaba da za a gina ga kasashen waje abokan ciniki. Yau, cikin gida masana'antu na da wani karin m burin - to satiate ta rundunar jiragen saukowa jiragen ruwa, wanda yanzu wuce girman da ayyukan da aka ambata a sama. Duk da haka, da Navy da Tarayyar Soviet akwai wani. Manufar shine a zamanantar da kuma kawo su zuwa ga bukatun na zamani yaki a teku.

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki

Yau, da jiragen ruwa kunshi tasoshin da suka shafi cikin ayyukan a 1171, da kuma 775. Su da aka tsara tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa wani yiwu canja wuri zuwa wani bataliya na sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa ba shi da wani nauyi sulke motocin, manyan bindigogi da sauran makamai swatches. A farko jiragen ruwa na wannan aji aka tsara a Birnin Leningrad, shi ne shugaban zanen I.I.Kuzmin. Wasu daga cikin su aka gina a cikin Kaliningrad factory "Yantar", wasu - a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland shipyards. Wannan ya faru a lokacin daga 1974 zuwa 1990. Daga bisani manyan ci gaban CDB aka reassigned, amma jiragen ruwa da kansu daga shi kusan canzawa.

Janar halaye na ayyukan

Jirãge na aikin a 1171 aka halin da cikakken hijirar a cikin kewayon 4000 m, tare da su taimako da za a iya sanya saukowa zuwa 313 mutane, cikakken dauke da makamai. Yana da aka zaci cewa kotun a lokaci guda zai iya kawo har zuwa bakwai talakawan ko fiye da ashirin haske tankuna. A 1966-1975, da Soviet Navy samu 14 irin kayayyakinsa, da shugaban ya "Voronezh Komsomolets". Jirãge a cikin wannan lokacin da kyautata zuwa sau hudu (a cikin tsari da gine da kuma zane). Project 775 zaci kusan guda halaye cikin sharuddan iya aiki da kuma kaya iya aiki, amma wadannan jiragen ruwa suka fi kyau m. A total na 24 guda da aka gina.

Don kwanan wata, akwai game da 20 ayyuka na jiragen ruwa a Navy a 1171 da kuma 775, da karshen zama ya fi girma. Abin farin, ko da tare da auka na Union of rundunar motoci ya iya ci gaba da kusan dukkan su. Hakika, da matasa ba kara da cewa, da hanya hankali mutu, kuma domin da kasar nan akwai bukatar gina sabon jirgin ruwa na wannan aji. An ruwaito cewa shi ne "Ivan Gren" Za a hankali maye gurbin su magabata.

A halin da ake ciki a kasashen NATO

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa halin da ake ciki tare da NATO amphibious jiragen ruwa ne da ɗan daban-daban. Duka Amurka da EU nema a yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na su fleets mafi alama-arziki jiragen ruwa da za su iya yi ba kawai aiki na faduwa na sojoji da kuma kayan aikin soji. Duk da babban kudin wadannan ayyukan, shi ne quite yiwu. A mafi nasara Amirkawa: ko da idan muka gina BDK kara taki, su matakin kan gaba guda biyu da suka gabata ba zai cimma.

Bã su da wani sabon kayan aikin soji da ke shiga cikin rundunar motoci a torrent. A ka'ida, irin sha'awar ga amphibious jiragen ruwa m, tun canja wuri da yawa manpower ne da yawa mai rahusa, idan ɗauke da teku. Ganin m kasashen waje da manufofin na Amirka, a wasu kalmomin, kuma ba zai iya zama.

A farko m saukowa jirgin a cikin sabon karni

A sabon jirgin, wanda dole ne fara maido amphibious damar da Rasha sojojin ruwa, da aka bai wa sunan "Ivan Gren". Wannan sunan da aka zaba ba nisa kamar cewa, saboda jirgin ne mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga talented masanin kimiyya da kuma wani artilleryman. Har 1941, Gren jagorancin Marine Research Institute. Bautarsa ya fara tun kafin ma juyin juya halin, a cikin mallaka Navy. Ya halarci gwaji da kuma hakikanta ƙasa gwaji na kusan duk tsarin, wanda aka ɓullo da a lokacin. Tare da farko na yakin duniya na II da ya zama shugaban duk manyan bindigogi na Baltic jiragen ruwa. Ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai girma da strategist kuma a master counter-baturi wuta.

Bayani game da ci gaban da "Gren"

A farko "Ivan Gren" ya kamata su yi da gubar jirgin na aikin 11711. As for ta zane, shi da aka gudanar duk da wannan, a cikin St.Petersburg. Janar Designer - A.Viglin, shugaba zanen, daga jirgi da wannan jerin nada V.N.Suvorov.

A bambanci to gabata jiragen ruwa na aikin 1171 aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi dukan bukatun da real kwarewa da past 'yan shekaru. Kuma saboda BDK "Ivan Gren" iya daidai da kyau a yi amfani ba kawai ga soja amma kuma ga zaman lafiya a kasar. Saboda haka, aka shawara da yin amfani da wannan aji, daga jirgi domin kai na babban kundin na kaya, ciki har da shiga cikin kogin fairways. BDK "Ivan Gren" ne m na dauke da duk na zamani soja kayan aiki na Rasha Federation, tun da zane da kuma yi aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi ba kawai da bukatun da Marine Corps, amma kuma da na al'ada ƙasa sojojin.

Inganta da yanayin rayuwa da kuma aiki da ma'aikatan jirgin

Musamman da hankali da aka biya don samar da mafi dadi yanayi na rayuwa da kuma aiki da ma'aikatan jirgin. Akwai ma wani babban fitness hadaddun tsara don kula da tuƙi da kuma jami'an a mai kyau jiki siffar. Bugu da kari, shi jirãge a cikin wannan jerin zai samar da wani takamaiman hanya zuwa ga saukowa. Ka tuna cewa a cikin misali BBC samar da Tarayyar Soviet bayar da baka gangara wanda ba ka damar "saki" daga ciki na jirgin har uku haske amphibious tankuna a lokaci guda a cikin tẽku, babu fiye da maki uku, bayar da tashin hankali.

Domin bakin teku sallama amfani da wannan gangara. Gangaren tudu a lokaci guda yana da matukar high darajar. A hali na take hakkin da taimako da haihuwa Navy jiragen sun "dasa" da dabara ne kawai ta hanyar yin iyo. Amma wannan shafi kawai ga haske, amphibious tankuna. Ƙara nauyi kayan aiki a lokaci guda kasance a kan jirgin. Amfani da, a cikin wannan yanayin da ba a lamba Hanyar samar da shiriya da haske pontoon Ferry: wannan fasaha ne bisa ga al'ada amfani kawai da askarawan ƙasa.

Da dama pontoons, wanda aka sa a gaba maimakon tudun lodi, ba ka damar da sauri haifar da wani abin dogara gada da cewa za su wuce har mun gwada nauyi makamai. Wannan hanya da aka fairly dogon aka yi amfani da kasashen waje sojojin, kamar yadda ba ka damar fadada fama damar saukowa jiragen ruwa.

Muhimmanci canje-canje da kuma tarawa da tsarin

Wani muhimmin al'amarin kuma shine yiwuwar safarar constructional misali shipping kwantena (20 ton). Mene ne ma mafi alhẽri, saboda ta ba-lamba Hanyar saukowa jirgin zai tserar da dukiya ko gaba daya m ga wannan Coast. Saba kai tasoshin da aka ba ko da mafarki. A total nauyi na kaya - har zuwa 1500 tons. Don rage wuya da loading / saukewa tsari, da jirgin kafa wani crane da dagawa iya aiki har zuwa 16 ton.

Yau, muna magana ne game da yiwuwar samar da wani "cikakken" amphibious jirgin ruwan, wanda za a adana a ciki rumfar ajiye jiragen sama aikin 11711E jiragen ruwa. Yana iya ba kawai bi da jirgin, amma kuma su na yin m ayyuka. Lalle ne, wannan wata dama za a musamman jawo hankalin ma'aikatan ceto, injiniyoyi da geologists.

Da bukatar jiragen ruwa

aikin "Ivan Gren" Ta yaya za su bukaci? A bukatar riga irin wannan cewa manufacturer da aka ɗora Kwatancen da umarni ga dama shekaru masu zuwa. Lokacin da shafin da aka sanya na farko jirgin na aikin, wannan taron ya samu halartar kusan duk na farko na mutanen jihar, kazalika da gudanar da duk kamfanoni da cewa za ta samar da samar.

Kamar yadda suka ce da kera da kansu, da kotun aikin 11711 "Ivan Gren" idan na yanzu geopolitical halin da ake ciki a kasar ne musamman zama dole. Tun da oda domin gina jiragen ruwa da aka samu sanannun kamfanin "Yantar", ba za ka iya shakka da ingancin aiki.

m facts

Duk da yake mai kyau, shi ke kawai guda da 'yan jarida rubuta a ... 2004! Kamar 'yan kwanaki da suka wuce na samu wani gaske dama labarai: shugaban saukowa jirgin na aikin 11711 ya karshe ya fara da za a jarraba a cikin Baltic Sea! Sai da na ɗauki fiye da shekaru 11 tun da alamun shafi zuwa ƙaddamar. Ni farin ciki cewa shipbuilders sha alwashin ba ya jinkirta da lokaci ne don haka da girma a cikin gina na biyu misali (wanda yake riga underway). A karshen wannan shekara, shugaban jirgin ruwa wa'adin karshe canjawa wuri zuwa Navy.

Domin gina da gubar jirgin da aka shirya na tsawon shekaru hudu, wani jirgin da za a canjawa wuri zuwa Navy shekara biyu. An sani cewa asalin rundunar biyar tasoshin ba da umarnin a lokaci daya a cikin wannan jerin, amma uku daga cikinsu sun riga gudanar ya ba da matuƙan. Duk da haka, bayan da labarin da mugunta 'ya'yan itace "Mistral" shi ne fatan cewa yawan wadannan jiragen ruwa har yanzu a karu, kamar yadda su ne da muhimmanci don tabbatar da jama'a bukatun wajen kasar. A karshe, a yau samu bayanai da cewa soja ne har yanzu sha'awar yi da dukan jerin (bakwai kotuna), amma karshe yanke shawara za a dauka kawai bayan wucewa duk gwaje-gwaje flagship.

Don zama ko ba su zama?

A karshe, mun slipped bayanai da cewa a cikin shekara ta gaba da aka yanke shawarar fara gina wani babban amphibious jiragen ruwa, tsammãninku, da jiragen ruwa da aka har yanzu iyakance zuwa kawai kwanoni guda biyu. A cikin wani hali, ayyukan harkokin manyan saukowa jiragen ruwa na sabon ƙarni riga akwai, don haka ba za ka iya sa ran cewa, wannan ba komai magana. A cikin wani hali, "Gren" - mai ban sha'awa aikin, da kuma bukatar da shi ne da gaske mai girma.

Masana sun soja bayani don rage "garke" wadannan kotuna kullum take kaiwa zuwa wani matattu karshen: suka lasafta ciki har da yiwuwar kai sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa m koguna, wanda sigar musamman muhimmanci alama a gudanar da gida ayyukan. Biyu jiragen ruwa domin wannan shi ne a fili bai isa ba!

Saboda abin da takaici deadlines?

Ba lallai ba ne abin zargi ba shi kadai "Amber". Da fari dai, shipbuilders biyã rashin kudade. Abu na biyu, karo na farko a kan wani daftarin jaddadawa da aka bayar da abokin ciniki a 2003, amma tun daga nan, da siffar da zane na jirgin ne kullum yin canje-canje, wanda zai iya ba amma shafi gudun aiki. Saboda haka, a shekarar 2005, an gabatar da sabunta jaddadawa, wanda ya shafi canje-canje a kusan duk shafukan. Kuma shi ya faru fiye da sau daya.

Shigo a matsayin tushen matsalolin

Babban matsalar da aikin - babban yawan shigo da aka gyara. A hasken 'yan abubuwan da suka faru da suke bukata cikin gaggawa ta yi watsi da kuma maye gurbin m. Kuma saboda injiniyoyi a yau ci gaba da su tata tsawon jimrewa aikin. A ka'ida, duk da ake buƙata aka gyara an tsĩrar da a baya, don haka abin da ganewar da ake sa ran kawai daga na biyu jirgin. Amma da wuya daga cikin yawa.

A jirgin ruwa yana buƙatar a musanya babban yawan shigo da aka gyara abin da aka asali envisaged bayani dalla-dalla. Saboda haka, tuni muna da ciwon yawa wahala da zabi na magani da kuma tsarin desalination. Duk da haka, da kera ce cewa arin kamfanonin cikin gida da kwarewa a samar da irin wannan gyara, don haka da cewa tambaya sake buries da kasafin kudin. Fatan da kuma ƙara da cewa na biyu jirgin ne da za a gina a kan tabbatar da makirci, maimakon daga karce. Riga hada da dama sassan daga cikin gidaje.

A general, da "tushen dukkan sharri," wannan aikin ne da cewa bayan rushewar kungiyar ba zato ba tsammani ya juya daga cewa kusan duk kamfanonin da cewa samar da gyara ga Shipbuilding, sun kasashen waje. A musamman, a kan Ukrainian ƙasa.

Babban fasaha halaye na aikin

• Kiyasta tonnage - har zuwa biyar tons.
• Tsawon - 120 mita.
• Matsakaicin fadin - 16,5 mita.
• Kiyasta precipitate - 3.6 m.
• Type powerplant - dizal.
• Matsakaicin cikakken gudun - 18 kullin.
• A kiyasta yawan ƙungiya - game da mutum ɗari da mutane.

To, ta yaya zai iya gadara da makamai amphibious jirgin "Ivan Gren"? Ga wa jerin zargin (duk da haka ba su sani ba duk):

• Raka'a biyu A-215 "Grad-M".
• Manyan bindigogi. Daya 76-mm m inji AK-176M da biyu AK-630M (zamo 30 mm, atomatik).
• A cikin jirgin, wanda za a iya dogara antisubmarine helikofta Ka-29.
• Capacity saukowa sassan - to 36 ko 13 APCs MBT (nauyi zuwa 60 ton). A kan jirgin kuma za a iya hawa zuwa 300 cikakken sanye take da m paratroopers.

A halin yanzu, da flagship cikakken lilo wuce karshe dubawa, shi ne a karshe mataki na yi. Saboda wannan, mafi yawan makaman da ke cikin jirgin ba tukuna shigar, don haka da cewa karshe siffar cikin jirgi, kuma ta m tukuna ma da wuri don hukunci. Muna fatan cewa nan da karshen wannan shekara, har yanzu muna ganin "Gren" a cika fama shiri.