Anti-jirgin makami mai linzami X-35: fasaha halaye da kuma aikace-aikace

Daya daga cikin manyan trends a soja harkokin ne kwanan nan daidaituwa da makamai da kuma kayan aiki. Ta hanyar amfani da na kowa aka gyara shi ne mai yiwuwa a rage wuya da samar da tsarin da kuma rage aiki halin kaka. Daya misali na wannan dabarar ne anti-jirgin makami mai linzami X-35. Dangane da version, shi za a iya amfani da jirage, jiragen sama, da kuma jiragen ruwa onshore. Versatility na amfani ƙwarai qara m makamai masu linzami a fagen yaƙi.

A KH-35: tarihin halittar

Don fara da za mu fahimta, ta wata roka da cewa ya tafi, ta hanyar kafin ya zama dũkiyar Rasha Navy. Yana da aka zaci cewa, da X-35 roka da aka saka a kan jirage da kuma jiragen ruwa da nufin kawar da. Yana da aka yi amfani da matsayin wani ɓangare na makami mai linzami hadaddun (SC) "Uranus". Development fara a watan Afrilu 1984. A manajan aiki ya G. I. Hohlov. The girma na zane aikin da aka danƙa wa "Zvezda" OKB. Yana da aka zaci cewa da makami mai linzami KH-35 "Uranus" Za a yi amfani don ya hallaka tasoshin ba fiye da 5000 ton. The sharuddan na reference bukata da cewa shi ya iya gudu biyu guda kuma mahara roka launchers. A KH-35 ya kamata ya yi aiki daidai da kyau a duk yanayin yanayi, a kowane lokaci na rana da kuma ko ta amfani da makiya iska tsaro da kuma tsarin lantarki yaƙi.

Janar halaye

A cikin sharuddan aerodynamics makami mai linzami yi bisa ga yadda ya saba abin kwaikwaya: The X-dimbin yawa reshe kuma empennage. A matsanancin surface na jiki samar da dama cylinders. Middle da wutsiya sassa su ne asymmetrical: kasan akwai wani gondola, wanda aka shigar a gaban iska ci. A m man fetur roka kara amfani, wanda aka kaga a matsayin Silinda, kuma yana da wutsiya, a nuna a farawa.

A total tsawon na roka ne 3,85 mita. Idan shi saita totur, rabon ƙaruwa zuwa 4.44 m. A diamita daga cikin gidaje ba ya wuce 0,42 m. Wingspan a fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa jihar ne 1,33 m. A cikin muhimman sanyi da totur roka X-35 weighs 600 kg.

tsari

A irin wannan tsari za a iya samu a sauran kayayyakin a cikin aji. The shugaban da kayan aiki ne abin da ya ƙunsa. Bayan ta ne fama bangaren. A tsakiyar mashiga tashar ne "ado" a cikin man fetur tanki. A wutsiya na roka kamata turbojet. ƙarin kayan aiki ne dake cikin free sassa na jiki. A farkon totur yana da matukar sauki tsarin. Tu ta cylindrical jiki iya kawai saka solid- propellant roka engine.

shiriya tsarin

A cikin gine shiriya tsarin shafa da bukatar wani tabbacin kama da kayar manufar wani jamming yanayi. Makami mai linzami da aka sanye take da wani hada shiriya tsarin. A lokacin cruise jirgin, ta yi amfani da wani inertial kewayawa tsarin da rediyo altimeter. Kuma a lokacin da barin da makami mai linzami a cikin manufa yanki dole a kunna ta aiki radar abin da ya ƙunsa tsarin, wanda aiki ya samu da kuma kayar da dalili.

The aikin yi amfani da roka ARS-35 - aiki radar abin da ya ƙunsa kai. Yana damar domin ganewa da kuma la'anta daga hari da wani babban mataki na aminci. Eriya tsarin is located a saman da roka. Ta aka ado a cikin wani radome. Overview kwance kashi da nisa daga 90 digiri (45 digiri, dama da hagu na makami mai linzami axis). Tsaye Viewing ya ba kamar yadda fadi: daga -10 zuwa +20 digiri. A farko version na makami mai linzami da wata manufa ganewa Range har zuwa 20 km.

warhead

A iya shiga warhead, nauyin da yake 145 kg, da aka sanya a kan abin da ya ƙunsa kai. Saboda da high-m-incendiary warhead dole buga jirãge har zuwa 5000 tons. Yana yana da wani m jiki da lokacin farin ciki ganuwar, da damar da jirgin zuwa soki da kuma kawo makiya jirgin haifar ciki. A wannan hanya shi ne zai yiwu don samun matsakaicin hallakaswa sakamako.

engine

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da turbojet aka located a raya daga cikin gidaje. Its gogayya kai 450 Sar. The mota da aka fara tare da taimakon da abun yanka da kuma aiki a kan jirgin sama kananzir. A ikon shuka na da irin wannan damar da makami mai linzami zuwa kai da gudun 280 m / s da kuma tashi daga 7 zuwa 130 km. Amma ga m roka kara amfani, ya zama dole lokacin amfani da roka a matsayin wani ɓangare na RK "Uranus". Tare da taimakon da X-35 roka, da halaye na wanda muka duba yiwuwar yau, barin kai da kuma jefa ganga. Lokacin da dako da aka fara, da mota ne sake saiti da kuma kunna farko boosters.

management

Cruise makamai masu linzami da X-35 ya kasance mai nasara management system cewa ba ka damar cimma high yi a fama. Midcourse makami mai linzami tashi a wata tsawo na ba fiye da 15 mita sama da ruwa matakin. Lokacin da search fara raga da shiriya a kan shi, wannan adadi saukad da zuwa 4 m. Saboda da low tsawo jirgin da kuma kananan watsi da yankin rage alama na farkon ganewa, tracking da kuma makami mai linzami hari maƙiyi iska tsaro tsarin.

Operation da makamai masu linzami X-35 wasu har yuwuwa ta automating aiwatar da shiri domin jefa. Jihar na fama raka'a da gabatarwar jirgin aiki ta atomatik sarrafawa. A cikin duka, shirye-shiryen daukan kasa da 1 minti daya. A KH-35, wanda aka yi niyyar amfani da jiragen ruwa da kuma ƙasar-tushen makami mai linzami tsarin, tsĩrar a cikin wani cylindrical kai jefa garwa. Air-tushen versions suna samuwa a matsayin da kyau, amma a fara da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu ko misali makamai.

Da bata lokaci ba, a ci gaba

A lokacin da la'akari da zane, wanda da ma'aikata na OKB "Star" ya yi 'yan watanni, wasu ƙarara aka gano. A musamman, da mismatch na aiki radar tsarin bukatun sanya shi. Domin bita da kuma kyautata na aikin da ta dauki karin lokaci. Matukin jirgin jefa daga ƙasa shigarwa ya faru a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1985. Wannan kuma da dama m runs wuni a gazawar.

A farko nasara jefa ya faru a Janairu 1987. Duk da haka, gwaji na jirgin tsarin ya ci gaba. Har shekara ta 1992, da OKB "Star" da related kamfanoni ciyar da wani 13 farawa. Ganin rashin cikakken aiki radar tsarin da samfurin, da gwajin makamai masu linzami da aka sanye take da ta kwaikwayo.

Saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma yawan matsalolin tattalin aiki X-35 kusan tsaya da aikin. A lokacin daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1997, don gina da kuma gwada a total na hudu prototypes. Tsaro bayar wa ma rage, don haka na farko domin na hadaddun "Uran" makami mai linzami da X-35 da aka yi ta a waje abokin ciniki.

"Uran-E"

A shekara ta 1994, India Navy da umarnin a Rasha hadaddun "Uran-E". Harafin "E" oznachat cewa wannan fitarwa version. Shipborne makami mai linzami tsarin hada da: wani makami mai linzami gabatarwa, da kuma gudanar da na'ura don tabbatar da harsasai tsarin. Yana za a iya shigar a kan kowane irin jiragen ruwa da kuma jiragen. A shirin mai gabatarwa kunshi wani karfe frame Fitted tare da haše-haše na kwantena. A zane kwakwalwa gaba da cewa X-35 roka tashi a wani kwana na 35 digiri.

Sarrafa kansa kula da tsarin to wanda aka sanya da makami mai linzami gwajin aiki, da shigar da aiki, da kuma sauran ayyukan yi a cikin nau'i na biyu na kwantena. Wannan ba ka damar zuwa Dutsen kayan aiki a kan wani m jiragen ruwa da kuma jiragen. Daya ganga ne 15, da kuma wasu - 5 m ^2.

Godiya ga Indian request, da ci gaban har yanzu an kammala da kuma fara serial samar da makamai masu linzami. A shekarar 1996, abokin ciniki farko aka gyara daga cikin hadaddun aka canjawa wuri a karshen wannan shekara ya ƙare aikin tara makamai masu linzami X-35 hallakarwa INS Delhi. A nan gaba, wannan makami sun samu dama Indian jiragen ruwa.

A farkon 2000s, da halin da ake ciki tare da] a] e na Armed Forces ya canza ga mafi alhẽri. A sakamakon haka, ta 2003, da hadaddun "Uran" makami mai linzami da X-35 da aka kammala da kuma soma da Rasha.

"Ball"

A game da wannan lokaci kamar yadda "Uranus" shiga sabis da Navy, kammala da ci gaban onshore Kazakhstan "Bal", wanda ma aiki tare da X-35 roka. Ayyukan sun hada da onshore monitoring na yankin ruwan da tsaro dukan sojan ruwa da wurin. Saboda da fadi da kewayon yiwuwa hadaddun "Ball" dace gane da harin makiya jiragen ruwa.

A high motsi daga cikin hadaddun ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ta main aka gyara an sanya a cikin nau'i na kai-propelled inji gina a kan tushen da Maz-7930. A hadaddun za a iya tura a nesa na nisan kilomita 10 daga bakin gaci. Its total harsasai kaya na 64 makamai masu linzami.

jirgin sama version

A cikin tsakiyar 2000s sa a ci gaba da jirgin sama bambance-bambancen KH-35 makamai masu linzami. mai raba version da kari na baya baki "B" da aka gabatar don jirage masu saukar ungulu. Its main bambanci gaban kara amfani. Yana da aka tsara su don saduwa da low gudun da helikofta. Roka da aka kaddamar daga cikin jirgin sama, totur ba ya bukatar.

m version

A shekarar 2011, shirin mai gabatarwa an ci gaba ga KH-35, ya ɓadda a matsayin 20-kafar ganga. Tu shigar hudu kai-jefa kwantena tare da makamai masu linzami da kuma dukan sa na kayan aiki da ake bukata domin iko. Mene ne yiwuwa na wannan aikin, shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba.

X-35U

A ci gaba da X-35 roka shi ne version na X-35U, wanda shi ne sau biyu a gudun godiya da gabatarwar sabon kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya samu nasarar buga da makiya daga nesa na 260 km. Duk wannan da aka cimma godiya zuwa wani sabon engine da redesigned iska ci tashar, wanda damar domin kara samar da man fetur.

A shekara ta 2009 an haife ta kyautata version na X-35U, wanda ya karbi wani ƙarin index "E". Yana nufin sayar kasashen waje. Babban bambancin shi ne sabon daftarin tsarin shugabanci, wanda ya karu ganewa Range up to 50 kilomita.

masu amfani

A lokacin, da KH-35 bayani dalla-dalla abin da muka tattauna a yau, ne, yafi amfani a cikin dakarun Rasha, Indiya da kuma Vietnam. Don kwanan wata, dama da ɗari na wadannan makamai masu linzami da aka gina. Game da waje abokan ciniki, da suka sun fi sha'awar a cikin jirgin na tushen gidaje. Aircraft makami mai linzami tsarin "Uran" makami mai linzami da X-35 ne ba tukuna a bukatar tsakanin exporters. Kamar yadda wasu kasashen waje kafofin, da Rasha, da roka da aka kofe ta Arewa Korean zanen kaya. Idan wannan gaskiya ne, to, shi ne zai yiwu cewa Korea ta Arewa da ke sa mai linzami da kuma for sale, wanda ke nufin cewa su za a iya dauke da makamai fiye da jihohin fiye da shi ne da aka sani, bisa ga hukuma bayanai.