Mene ne tattaunawa da monologue a Rasha

Wannan labarin ya amsa wannan tambaya: "Abin da shi ne tattaunawa da monologue?". Yana gabatar da halaye na wadannan biyu siffofin magana, definition, suna bambancin kowane daga cikinsu, da alamun, da sauran fasali. Muna fatan cewa mu labarin zai taimaka maka kamar yadda zai yiwu a daki-daki, ga fahimta da bambance-bambance tsakanin su, su koyi wani abu sabo.

Tattaunawa: definition

Tattaunawa - shi ne wani nau'i na magana, abin da yake hira tsakanin biyu ko fiye da mutane, wanda ya kunshi musayar kalamai tsakanin su. The main naúrar na tattaunawa da kira dialogical hadin - shi ne idan akwai wani (m) hada a daya daga cikin da dama mutum replicas, shi ne musanya kalamai, ra'ayin, kowane gaba da abin da aka alaka da baya daya kuma shi ne dogara a kan shi.

A wanzuwar dialogic hadin kai da aka bayyana by dangane da jũna replicas (ƙara, baza, labarin, da yarda daga cikin 'yan adawa, tambaya-amsar dabara na jawabin Da'a).

Wani lokaci yana iya zama saboda da kalamai, wanda ba a dauki baya replica interlocutor, amma a general da halin da ake ciki na magana a cikin abin da yake magana yar tambaya sake tambaya:

- Mene ne tattaunawa da monologue a ra'ayin ku?

- Me kuke tunani?

propositional hali iya dogara a kan wani iri-iri dalilai, da farko a kan mutane na hira da su fi'ili dabara da kuma dabarun, su magana al'adu, da factor na da ciwon "wani m saurarõnsu" (wanda ba ya dauki bangare a cikin tattaunawar, ko da yake ba tare da shi), da mataki na ƙa'ida na yanayi a wadda sadarwa faruwa.

iri hulda

A cikin fasali na Replica code da kuma rinjayar dangantakar mahalarta a cikin kira, watau, su irin hulda. main iri uku ne: co-dogara da daidaita. A mataki na ƙa'ida dogara a kan yanayi muhãwara iko da jawabin da harshen yarda da bukatun da kuma matsayin.

A tsarin da tattaunawa

Rasha harshen tattaunawa ko da yaushe yana da wani tsarin a mafi iri zama guda: na farko ke irin murya, sa'an nan - da babban kashi, kuma a karshe - ƙare. Irin murya iya zama daya daga cikin masu yawa dabarbari na jawabin Da'a (Hello, Vasily Vladimirovich!) Ko na farko interrogative ra'ayi (wani lokaci ne?), Kazalika da replica-hukunci (Great weather yau!).

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsawon na tattaunawa da za a iya rubuce iyaka, saboda bude iya zama wani m iyaka. Kusan kowace tattaunawa Rasha harshen za a iya kara ta kara dialogical unities na wanda ya kunshi. Duk da haka, a yi da shi yana mai dialogical ƙarewa (magana Da'a magana (Goodbye!), A Replica na yarda (babu shakka!) Ko replica-martani).

tattaunawa Features

Tattaunawa - yana da wata halitta nau'i na sadarwa, wanda shi ne na farko. Saboda haka, a cikin magana da wannan tsari shi ne mafi prevalent. Amma da tattaunawa (da definition abin da aka bai sama) ne kuma ba a aikin jaridar, kimiyya da na aikin kasuwanci harshe.

A farko nau'i na sadarwa, shi ne maras wata-wata fi'ili hulda unprepared form. Wannan ya shafi musamman ga magana da harshen, a cikin abin da jigo na tattaunawa a cikin shakka daga ta ci gaba da iya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar bazuwar abubuwan. Duk da haka, a cikin jaridar, kimiyya da kuma a hukumance-kasuwanci magana a na farko shiri na replicas (musamman al'amurran da suka shafi), ci gaba da kuma yi na tattaunawa da (Rasha harshen da sauran harsuna na duniya a wannan kama) zai zama maras wata-wata, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta da dauki replica interlocutor so unpredictable da ba a sani ba.

Mafi fili a cikin nau'i na magana bayyana da manufa, kira a matsayin "qa'idar duniya na tanadi fi'ili magana." Wannan yana nufin cewa mahalarta a cikin wani yanayin da ake ciki ne danda m na fi'ili, da cewa shi ne fi'ili, yana nufin cika saboda wani iri-iri ba fi'ili hanyar sadarwa rashin fi'ili magana. Wadannan ba fi'ili siffofin hada fuska, irin murya, gestures da jiki ƙungiyoyi.

Yanayi na abin da ya faru na tattaunawa

Domin fitowan da wata tattaunawa a hannu daya, muna bukatar asali na kowa tushe na bayanai da cewa za a raba mambobi, da kuma a kan sauran, shi ne cewa wajibi ne ya kasance akwai m bambanci a cikin mahalarta ilmi daga fi'ili hulda. In ba haka ba, ba za su iya wuce juna dacewa bayani game da batun na magana, wanda ke nufin cewa tattaunawa zai kasance cigaba. Wannan shi ne uninformative mummunan tasiri a kan yawan aiki na wani ba nau'i na magana. Irin wannan factor iya bayyana ba kawai a low murya tattaunawar iyawa daga cikin mahalarta, amma kuma idan sun basu da sha'awar yin fara tattaunawa da kuma ci gaba da shi.

Maganganu, a cikin abin da akwai daya kawai nau'i na magana Da'a kira Ehtiketnye siffofin, yana da wani m ji, a cikin wasu kalmomi, shi ne ba m. A wannan yanayin, mahalarta babu bukatar ko so don samun bayanai, amma tattaunawa kanta ne ƙa'ida yarda a wasu yanayi (misali, a wani taro a bainar jama'a a wurare)

- Hello!

- Hello!

- Yaya kuke?

- To, na gode. Kuma ku?

- Yana da lafiya, na yi aiki a hankali.

- To, ya zuwa yanzu, da farin ciki!

- Bye!

An ba makawa sharadin da ya faru tattaunawa don tabbatar da cewa sabon bayanai ne da bukatar sadarwa. Wannan factor ne sakamakon wani m rata a mallaki bayanai da kuma ilmi daga membobinta.

iri maganganu

Bisa ga a raga da kuma manufofin, matsayin na interlocutors da kuma halin da ake ciki na sadarwa da wadannan iri hirar: Business tattaunawar, mabukaci tattaunawa da hira.

A rarrabe fasali na yau da kullum da tattaunawa - yiwu karkacewa daga topic, unplanned, rashin raga da kuma bukatar duk wani mataki, da dama batutuwa domin tattaunawa, hali magana, yadu amfani nonverbal (nonverbal) sadarwa kayayyakin aiki, da kuma dabaru, conversational style.

Business hira - tattaunawa yafi tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu da tattaunawar, wadda ake kira da sosai interpersonal hali. A wannan yanayin, akwai daban-daban dabaru da kuma hanyoyin da fi'ili da kuma nonverbal tasiri mahalarta da juna. Business tattaunawar, ko da yake shi ne ko da yaushe wani batu, wani hali-daidaitacce (as tsayayya da su, misali, a kan kasuwanci tattaunawar) da kuma na faruwa yafi tsakanin membobin wannan m.

Interview - sadarwar watsa labaru wakilin tare da wani wanda ainihi shi ne jama'a sha'awa. Its bayãnin hukuncin fasalin - dvuadresnost, watau interviewer (wanda zai gudanar da tambayoyin) tare da kai tsaye adireshin da mai karɓa gina musamman wasan kwaikwayo tattaunawa, kirgawa da farko a kan siffofin da ta ji na nan gaba masu karatu.

Da baƙi a cikin tattaunawa

Haruffan hirar a Rasha - sosai sauki theme. Idan replica jawabai fara wani sabon sakin-layi, a gaban kowane daga cikinsu da aka rubuta a dash, misali:

- Abin da yake tattaunawa da monologue?

- Waɗannan su ne biyu siffofin magana.

- Kuma yãya suke bambanta da juna?

- Number mahalarta.

Idan zabin Replica tafi ba tare da shi kawai ne ga mutum, kowane daga cikinsu za su zama a quotes, kuma rabu da gaba da wani dash. Ga misali: "Abin da yake tattaunawa da monologue?" - "The siffofin magana." - "Godiya ga taimako!".

Idan, bayan da kalamai na marubucin bi da kalmomi, kafin na gaba daya dash ne tsallake: "Ta yaya kake?" - tambayi Maria Petrovna. "Babu wani abu, sannu a hankali", - ya ce Igor Olegovich.

Sanin wadannan sauki dokoki, da kuma bin su a aikace, za ka iya ko da yaushe rubuta mai kyau tattaunawa.

Monologue: Definition

Monologue yana da dangi na tsawon lokaci (da shi aka hada da sassa daban daban da kundinta, da alaka da wakiltar da ma'ana da kuma tsarin da mũnãna), da kuma bambancin da richness daban-daban ƙamus. Very daban-daban batutuwa monologue, wanda zai iya spontaneously canza a lokacin da raya kasa.

Siffofin monologue

Kar samar biyu na asali iri monologues.

1. monologues, wanda shi ne mai aiwatar da gangan, m saƙonnin da Rokon zuwa saurarõnsu, ne, yafi amfani a baka jawabin na littafin: kimiyya baka (Misali - wani rahoto, ko ilimi karatu), baka da kuma jama'a shari'a da magana. A mafi girma ci gaban da aka a monologue a cikin art na magana.

2. Monologue kamar yadda jawabin kadai, da cewa ba a directed zuwa shiryar da mai sauraro, da kuma da kansu. Wannan irin jawabin da ake kira "ciki monologue." Shi ne, ba tsara don Gwada to sa mai mayar da martani na wani mutum.

Monologue, misalai na wanda suna da yawa, na iya zama duka maras wata-wata da kuma unprepared (mafi sau da yawa shi da ake amfani a yau da kullum magana), kazalika da pre-habarta, a shirye.

Nau'in monologue a kan hari

Bisa ga Manufar da sanarwa, akwai uku main iri: bayani magana, lallashe da kuma tilasta.

Babban manufar da bayanai - da canja wurin da ilmi. Da yake jawabi a cikin wannan hali ya yi la'akari da farko na dukkan ilimi da fahimi damar iya yin komai na ji na rubutu sauraro.

A iri-iri bayani monologue ne daban-daban jawabai, rahotanni, laccoci, rahotanni, saƙonni.

Tabbatacce monologue directed farko da motsin zuciyarmu da kuma juyayinsu na saurarõnsu. Da yake jawabi na farko na dukkan la'akari da muhimmancin da karshen. By iri-iri na jawabin hada da: festive, gaisuwa, ban kwana.

Inducing monologue (misalai na wanda - Popular a zamaninmu, siyasa magana) korarsu da farko, shine su taimaka wa] alibai zuwa daban-daban ayyuka. Yana hada da: wani jawabin da zanga-zanga, siyasa jawabin, mai magana, a kira zuwa mataki.

A kumshin nau'i na monologue

A monologue mutumin a cikin tsarin ne a kumshin siffar da ta dogara a kan wani aikin-na ginin jumla ko ta Genre da stylistic ainihi. Iri-iri na nau'o'i da stylistic monologue ne da wadannan: oratorical magana, hukuma kasuwanci da kuma m monologue a kan Rasha harshen, kazalika da sauran iri. By da aikin-na ginin jumla hada da labari, description, hujjarsu.

Monologues ne daban-daban a cikin mataki na ƙa'ida da shirinta. Alal misali, oratorical jawabin - shi ne ko da yaushe a pre-habarta da kuma shirye monologue cewa lalle ne sai ya furta a wani m saitin. Amma wasu har shi da wani wucin gadi nau'i na magana, wanda o ƙarin ko da yaushe ya zama tattaunawa. Saboda haka, wani monologue yana da daban-daban hanyar dialogization. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, rhetorical tambayoyi, Rokon, tambaya-amsar nau'i na magana da sauransu. A wasu kalmomin, wannan shi ne duk da cewa ya ce game da marmarin kara da murya furta magana aiki na wurinta, source, sa ya dauki.

A monologue bambanta shigarwa (wanda aka bayyana da magana daga magana mai magana), babban bangare kuma ƙarshe (a cikin abin da magana ya kawo jawabin nasa sakamakon).

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, ana iya lura da cewa, monologue da kuma tattaunawa - ne biyu main siffofin magana, iri dabam-dabam daga juna a yawan musharaka a cikin tarayya na batutuwa. A tattaunawa shi ne na farko da na halitta tsari, a matsayin wata hanya domin yin musayar ra'ayoyi da kuma ra'ayoyin tsakanin mahalarta da kuma monologue - wani cikakken bayani, a cikin abin da ya riwaito shi ne kawai mutum daya. Yadda monologue da dialogic magana wanzu a baka da kuma a rubuce, duk da tushen da karshen yaushe ne shi a monologue, a dialogical - tushen da na baka form.