Iri epithelial nama. Epithelial nama: sifa da aiki

Ko da a cikin wata makaranta hanya na Anatomy, yara suna koyar da sauki nazarin halittu alamu a cikin tsarin rayuwa kwayar halittu: tushen kome - cell. su kungiyar bada Yunƙurin zuwa kyallen takarda, wadda a nuna siffar gabobin. A karshe a hade a cikin tsarin, yin harshen damo, metabolism da sauransu.

Saboda haka, abin da masana'anta, sifa da aiki, an yi karatu daga tsakiyar mataki na manhaja. Ka yi la'akari da abin da iri nama samu a cikin abun da ke ciki na jikin mutum, abin da epithelial iri-iri data Tsarin da kuma abin da yake da darajar.

Animal nama: rarrabuwa

Nama, sifa da ayyuka, musamman da ci gaba da kuma aiki ne na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin rayuwar dukkan halittu, suna iya kafa su. Kuma sunã bautã wa wani m aiki, secretory, organoobrazovatelnuyu, sinadirai, thermal rufi, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Total iya bambanta 4-daban na nama, musamman ga jikin mutum tsarin kuma mafi girma dabbobi.

1. Daban-daban iri epithelial nama, ko shafi (fata).
2. Connective nama, bayar da 'yan asali iri: kashi, jini, kitse, da sauran.
3. Juyayi, kafa wani irin branched Kwayoyin.
4. Muscle nama, wanda Forms tare da kwarangwal na musculoskeletal tsarin na dukan kwayoyin.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan yana da nasa wuri nama sarrafawa, da hanyar da kafa, kuma ya aikata wasu ayyuka.

Janar halaye na epithelial nama

Idan faye hali iri epithelial kyallen takarda a general, shi wajibi ne don bambanta da dama na asali siffofin, su duka mallaka, kowane zuwa mafi girma ko karami har. Ga misali:

• ba abu ba a tsakanin sel, yin tsarin tam dab da juna.
• musamman hanya ikon ya ta'allaka ne ba a sha na oxygen daga jini, da kuma a cikin yadawa ta hanyar ginshiki membrane na connective nama.
• musamman ikon warke, watau farfadowa daga cikin tsarin.
• da nama Kwayoyin suna kira epithelial Kwayoyin.
• Kowane epithelial cell ne iyakacin duniya iyakar, don haka duk nama a karshen da wani polarity.
• a karkashin wani irin epithelial ginshiki membrane aka located, wanda yana da muhimmanci;
• sarrafawa na nama ne da za'ayi a cikin jikin yadudduka ko strands a takamaiman wurare.

Saboda haka, shi dai itace cewa da dama epithelial nama suna da ha ta kowa dokoki a cikin tsari da kuma tsarin da kungiyar.

Iri epithelial nama

Su za a iya raba uku main.

1. Surface epithelial nama. A epithelium na da tsarin ne musamman m, saboda shi aikin da farko tsaron gida aiki. Yana Forms wani shãmaki a tsakãnin waje duniya da kuma a cikin na jiki (fata integument gabobin). Bi da bi, da irin wannan hada da dama aka gyara wanda zai la'akari da kara.
2. Glandular epithelial nama. Gland shine yake, wanda ducts bude ga waje, da cewa shi ne exogenous. Don wadanda hada da hawaye, gumi, Milky, m benaye.
3. Secretory iri-iri na epithelial nama. Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wasu daga cikin jijiya Kwayoyin ƙarshe ya jũya a cikin epithelial Kwayoyin da kuma samar da irin wannan tsari. Babban aiki na epithelium - to gane samuwar kasashe biyu, inji da kuma sinadaran, yada wani alama game da wannan to da ya dace hukumomi da kwayoyin.

Waɗannan su ne main iri epithelial nama, wanda aka saki a matsayin wani ɓangare na jikin mutum. Yanzu la'akari da cikakken rarrabuwa na kowane daga cikinsu.

Nau'in epithelial kyallen takarda

Yana da quite capacious da hadaddun matsayin Multi-faceted tsarin kowace daga cikin epithelium, da kuma ayyuka yi ne sosai daban-daban da kuma takamaiman. A general, duk data kasance irin epithelium a cikin wadannan tsarin. Dukan surface epithelium da aka raba kamar haka.

1. A guda Layer. Sel aka shirya a daya Layer, kuma a tsaye lamba tare da ginshiki membrane, a lamba tare da shi. Its matsayi ya.

A) Single jere, zuwa kashi:

• cylindrical.
• lebur.
• Cubic.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan iri iya zama limbic da beskaemchatym.

B) Pseudostratified hada da:

• prismatic ciliated (ciliary).
• prismatic bezresnitchaty.

2. Multi-Layer. A Kwayoyin suna shirya a dama layuka, don haka lamba tare da muhimmi membrane aka yi kawai a cikin deepest Layer.

A) miƙa mulki.

B) keratinizing lebur.

B) neorogovevayuschy, zuwa kashi:

• cubic.
• cylindrical.
• lebur.

Glandular epithelium ma na da rarrabuwa. An kasu kashi:

• celled.
• kwayar epithelium.

Haka kuma, wadannan gland iya zama endocrine, abu daga cikin sirrin na jini, da kuma exocrine da ciwon ducts karkashin shawara epithelium.

Touch masana'anta rabo a cikin tsarin raka'a aikata ba. Ya kunshi kafa shi sāke epithelial Kwayoyin a cikin jijiya Kwayoyin.

Simple squamous epithelium

Yana samu da sunan daga tsarin da Kwayoyin. Its epithelial Kwayoyin suna bakin ciki da kuma mĩƙe tsarin, wanda suna a hankali juna. Manufar wannan epithelium - samar da mai kyau permeability to kwayoyin. Saboda haka, asali sarrafawa:

• Alveoli daga cikin huhu.
• ganuwar jini da kuma capillaries.
• rufi da peritoneal rami ciki gefen.
• maida hankali ne akan serous membranes.
• Yana haifar da wasu ducts da kodan kuma koda corpuscles.

Epithelial Kwayoyin da kansu da mesothelial da endothelial asalin da kuma halin da kasancewar wani babban m tsakiya a cibiyar daga cikin cell.

cubic epithelium

Wadannan iri epithelial nama, kamar yadda guda-Layer da Multi-Layer cubic epithelium, da yawan fasali na tsarin da cell form. Ga abin da, a gaskiya, samu da sunan. Suna irregularly dimbin yawa cubes ɗauka da sauƙi.

A single-Layer cubic sarrafa a cikin koda tubules, kuma ya aikata aikin shi ayyuka permeable membrane. Nuclei a wadannan Kwayoyin suna taso keya, an canja zuwa cell bango.

Multilayer cuboidal epithelium located a cikin nau'i na jerin zurfi Layer a lamba tare da ginshiki membrane. All sauran waje Tsarin rufe shi daga sama a cikin nau'i na lebur flakes na epithelial Kwayoyin. Wannan irin masana'anta Forms jam'i na jikinsu:

• cornea.
• esophagus.
• bakinka da sauransu.

Prismatic epithelium monolayer

Wannan shi ne wani irin nama, ma kira epithelial. Features na tsarin, ayyuka suna bayyana a cikin cell siffar: cylindrical, elongated. Main sarrafawa:

• hanjinsu.
• bakin ciki da kuma dubura.
• ciki;
• wasu na koda tubule.

Babban aiki - kara tsotsa surface na aiki jiki. Bugu da kari, a nan ne aka bude tashoshin qware finjãlin giya Kwayoyin asirce gamsai.

Iri epithelial tsokoki: single-Layer Multi-jere

Wannan irin surface epithelium. Its main aiki - shi ne don tabbatar da waje airway inuwõyi cewa liyi su. All Kwayoyin suna da hankali a lamba tare da ginshiki membrane na tsakiya suna zagaye, located a kan zalunci matakin.

Ciliated epithelium kira wannan saboda gefuna an firam da epithelial cilia. All za a iya gano 4 jinsunan wani bangare ne na wannan tsarin tantanin halitta:

• muhimmi.
• ciliary.
• dogon intercalary.
• finjãlin giya slime.

Bugu da kari, single-Layer pseudostratified epithelium samu a al'aura ducts da kuma daidai da tsarin (a cikin oviduct, golaye, da dai sauransu).

A multilayer tsaka epithelium

A mafi muhimmanci alama na wani rabe epithelium cewa ta kara Kwayoyin iya zama, wato, waɗanda wanda suke iya bambance a cikin wani nau'i na gangar jiki.

Musamman tsaka epitheliocytes wani bangare ne na mafitsara da kuma hade ducts. Sun kasu kashi uku manyan kungiyoyin, da hada duka damar - kafa masana'anta da ciwon high stretchability.

1. Muhimmi - kananan Kwayoyin tare da nuclei zagaye siffar.
2. Intermediate.
3. Surface - Kwayoyin suna da manyan size, mafi sau da yawa a cikin wani nau'i na Dome.

Contact tare da membrane a wadannan tsokoki ba haka ba ne yaxuwa ikon daga ƙarƙashinsu, sako-sako da connective nama tsarin. Wani sunan ga irin wannan epithelium - urothelium.

Neorogovevayuschy a multilayered epithelium

Don irin wannan ne epithelial nama na jiki, wanda layi ciki corneal surface na ido, da tsarin da baka rami da kuma esophagus. All epithelial Kwayoyin za a iya raba iri uku:

• muhimmi.
• prickly.
• lebur Kwayoyin.

A cikin gabobin da suka samar da strands na wani lebur tsarin. Neorogovevayuschy suna na da ikon exfoliate kan lokaci, da cewa an cire daga jiki surface, ana maye gurbinsu da ƙaramin takwarorinsu.

Multi-mai lebur keratinizing epithelium

Its definition iya zama kamar haka: da epithelium, babba yadudduka da suke iya kafa m peredifferentsirovke da Sikeli - corneas. Daga cikin dukan surface epithelium - kadai daya wanda aka halin da irin wannan alama. Kowa zai iya ganin shi da ido tsirara, saboda Babban jiki na wannan Layer - fata. Hada da epithelial sel daban-daban Tsarin, wanda za a iya harhada cikin da dama na asali yadudduka:

• muhimmi.
• prickly.
• granular.
• m.
• jaraba.

Last - mafi m, kuma m, gabatar jaraba ma'auni. Shi ne su desquamation mu gani, a lõkacin da ka fata farawa zuwa kwasfa kashe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m muhalli yanayi ko tsufa. Key sunadarai na gina jiki na tsoka - keratin da filaggrin.

glandular epithelium

Bugu da kari ga shafi, shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci da kuma glandular epithelium. Shi ne wani nau'i, wanda shi ne epithelial nama. Dauke nama da kuma su rarrabuwa da matukar muhimmanci ga wata da fahimtar wuri na sarrafawa da kuma su ayyuka a cikin jiki.

Saboda haka, glandular epithelium ne sosai daban-daban daga murfin kuma duk da iri. Its Kwayoyin suna kira glandulotsitami, su ne wani ɓangare daga daban-daban gland. A total akwai biyu main iri:

• exogenous gland shine yake.
• na ciki.

Wadanda suka jefa asirin su kai tsaye zuwa cikin glandular epithelium, kuma ba jini, ciki da na biyu kungiyar. Wadannan sun hada da: salivary, madara, sebaceous, gumi, da hawaye, da jima'i.

Har ila yau, akwai da dama zažužžukan mugunya, watau, cire waje abubuwa.

1. Eccrine - Kwayoyin asirce mahadi, amma ba ya rasa da mutunci a cikin tsarin.
2. Apocrine - bayan cire secretions partially hallaka.
3. Holocrine - Kwayoyin suna hallaka gaba daya bayan da aiki.

Aiki gland - mai muhimmanci sosai da kuma muhimmanci. Alal misali, su aiki - m, secretory, ƙararrawa da sauransu.

Ginshiki membrane: ayyuka

All iri epithelial kyallen takarda ne a hankali a lamba tare da akalla daya Layer na ta da irin wannan tsarin, kamar yadda ginshiki membrane. Da tsarin kunshi biyu makada - haske kunshi alli ions, da kuma duhu - hada da daban-daban fibrillary fili.

An kafa daga wani co-samar da connective nama da kuma epithelium. The ayyuka na ginshiki membrane daga cikin wadannan:

• inji (epithelial rike tare, rikewa tsarin mutunci).
• shãmaki - zabe permeability ga abubuwa.
• trophic - motsa jiki ikon;
• morphogenetic - samar da wani babban iya aiki domin farfadowa.

Saboda haka, m hulda da epithelial nama da kuma ginshiki membrane sakamakon a wani santsi da kuma ma'ana aiki na jiki, da mutuncin da tsarin.

A general, da muhimmanci sosai ba kawai epithelial nama. Yadudduka da su rarrabuwa aka dauke a duk matsayin ilimi alaka magani da kuma ilmin jikin mutum, wanda ya tabbatar da muhimmancin wadannan batutuwa.