Makamashi metabolism

Metabolism - shi ne wani muhimmin bangaren da jiki ta harshen damo. Yana hada da dama tafiyar matakai. Energy metabolism ya shafi tsakiyan nonon na Organic abubuwa da sinadaran mahadi saki makamashi da kuma sadarwa. An lura da cewa shi kara kasafi da aka sanya jera a cikin nau'i na zafi. Wani sashi da aka tanada don ATP kwayoyin.

Matakai na samar da makamashi metabolism a dabbobi

A mataki na farko - fage. Energy metabolism fara da abinci shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin jikin mutum ko dabba a cikin nau'i na hadaddun macromolecular abubuwa. Kafin shiga, shi ne halakar da wadannan low kwayoyin nauyi mahadi don tsokoki da kuma Kwayoyin.

Hydrolytic tsakiyan nonon kwayoyin abubuwa ne da za'ayi tare da sa hannu na ruwa. Wannan tsari faruwa a cikin narkewa kamar fili (kwayar), a salon salula matakin (a lysosomes) a cikin narkewa kamar vacuoles (unicellular) a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu enzymes.

Sunadaran a jikin mutane da dabbobi suna karye a ciki da kuma duodenum amino acid. Wannan tsari faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Ko da a cikin baka rami fara aiwatar da tsagawa polysaccharides. Wannan enzyme ne da hannu ptyalin. Bugu da ari tsakiyan nonon na polysaccharides auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar amylase a duodenum. Nan ya zo da rashin lafiya na fats. Wannan tsari rinjayar da lipase. A makamashi da cewa an saki sa'an nan rarraba a cikin nau'i na zafi.

Energy metabolism ya shafi isar da sinadirai masu gyara a cikin jini, kuma harkokin sufuri na duk Kwayoyin da gabobin. A Kwayoyin suka shiga kai tsaye a cikin cytoplasm ko wani lysosome. Idan abubuwa suna karye a lysosomes a salon salula matakin, su nan da nan tsĩrar cikin cytoplasm. Wannan mataki ya shafi shiri na mahadi ga kwayuka ƙasƙanci.

A cikin mataki na biyu makamashi metabolism wakiltar anoxic hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Matakai kamar haka auku ba tare da sa hannu na oxygen, a wani salon salula matakin. Hadawan abu da iskar shaka daukan wuri a cikin cell cytoplasm. Daya daga cikin key abubuwa don tabbatar da samar da makamashi musayar, shi ne glucose. Sauran kwayoyin fili (amino acid, glycerol, m acid) suke kunshe a cikin aiwatar da canji a matakai daban-daban.

The tsagawa glucose ba tare da oxygen aka kira glycolysis. Wannan fili shigarsu da dama m canje. Da farko, akwai ta hira cikin fructose. Glucose fosfoliruetsya - kunna ta biyu kwayoyin na ATP, juya cikin fructose-diphosphate. Wannan filin ya ƙãrẽwa carbon hexahydric kwayoyin cikin biyu uku-carbon kwayoyin glycerophosphate. A sakamakon dama halayen da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na faruwa. Kamar wancan kwayoyin rasa biyu hydrogen atoms, juya ƙarshe a cikin wani kwayoyin na pyruvic acid. A sakamakon wadannan halayen da ake hada hudu kwayoyin na ATP. Amma da farko kunnawa da biyu glucose kwayoyin na ATP da aka yi amfani da, a general 2ATF ƙarshe kafa. Saki, ta haka ne a cikin Lalacewar glucose makamashi ne partially zurfin kuma jera saki a cikin nau'i na zafi.

A na uku mataki, numfasawa (nazarin halittu hadawan abu da iskar shaka). Wannan mataki ne kawai zai yiwu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar oxygen. A wannan batun, shi ne ake kira oxygen. Wannan tsari faruwa a mitochondria.

A general sharuddan (main) musayar makamashi ta halin kaka (a kan talakawan) domin fara tasawa ne game da 24 kcal / kg / rana. A kirga da talakawan mutum a kan wani kullum amfani 1500 kcal ga mata da kuma game da 1700 kcal ga maza. A marasa lafiya da daban-daban profile Pathology makamashi bukatar a kowace rana zai iya tashi biyu zuwa sau uku.