A samar da acetylene

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa mutane da yawa sosai san cewa kalmar - acetylene - nasaba da manufar "vinegar". Amma gaskiyar cewa acetylene yau - shi ne kawai abu da zai iya ƙona lokacin da iska babu damar, da kuma wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin masana'antu, ya san ba kowa da kowa. Acetylene m gajiyan ne ma irin wannan al'amari da cewa, misali, ta kona samar harshen acid zafin jiki zuwa 3100 ° C.

Domin da farko lokacin da samar da acetylene aka za'ayi Edmundom Devi a cikin m 1836. Devi yi aiki a kan al'ada carbide potassium ruwa-ruwa bayani ya faru da dauki lissafi wanda za a iya rubuta kamar: k2c2 = C2H2 + 2H2O + 2KOH. A sakamakon haka, a gas, wanda dabara ne C2H2 da kuma inda masana kimiyya ya title dvuuglerodisty hydrogen.

Tare da aka gano daga cikin koyarwar da radicals wa laƙabi da Yustus Liebig daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da kwayoyin halitta (radicals) da kuma mai suna acetyl, duk da haka, an dauke da wani fili na dabara S2N3. The abu ne guda, wanda ya Devi, an ɗauke ta chemists a matsayin wanda aka samu daga acetyl. To, a lõkacin da samar da acetylene da aka za'ayi da Bafaranshe Marselenom Berthelot a hanyoyi da dama, da abu samu da sunan, wanda aka yi amfani a cikin sunadarai zuwa wannan rana. Berthelot dauke a matsayin kwayoyin sakamakon fili acetyl, wanda aka dauka daga wani hydrogen zarra. Technologically, da shiri na acetylene Berthelot wakiltar gaba tsari. Yana rasa biyu daga mai tsanani alcohols - methyl da ethyl - kuma ta hanyar wani mai tsanani bututu zuwa high zazzabi.

Da ɗan baya, a 1862, acetylene aka hada ta da wani electrochemical dauki, a lokacin da hydrogen da aka wuce tsakanin wayoyin sanya na carbon. Waɗannan kimiyoyi suna a lokacin sun tsada sosai, kuma wanda ya kasa aiki, sabili da haka ne kawai zai iya zama a matsayin wani msar tambayar warware matsalar. Kawai a sosai karshen karni kafin na karshe da aka kirkiro da wata hanya da cewa a yarda kafa more tattali samar da acetylene. Wannan hanyar dogara ne a kan walai daga cakuda kunsha da sauri lemun tsami da kuma ci. Wannan zai kai ga yin amfani da fili a matsayin gas ga titi lighting. Gaskiyar cewa gas wanda ya ƙunshi a cikin abun da ke ciki game da 92,3% na carbon, a wata high zazzabi excrete yawa wannan abu a matsayin m. Dõmin sun bayar da wani fairly haske. A wannan yanayin da konewa zafin jiki kayyade ba kawai haske konewa, amma da yake launinta. A mafi girma yanayin zafi - musamman onetime luminescence launi ne carbon barbashi. Bayyana warmer, cike da acetylene iya ba da haske kamar goma sha biyar sau fiye da kowa a lokacin da gas fitilu. Ko a lokacin da suka maye gurbinsu da lantarki lighting, amfani acetylene ga lighting ci gaba da keke fitilu kuma omnibuses.

Kamar yadda ci gaba da masana'antu, duk ake bukata yawa irin wannan mahadi a matsayin acetylene. Da samun da shi a kan wani m sikelin fara kawai a cikin karni na karshe. A sakamakon irin wannan "nasara", dangane fara da za a yi amfani da fasaha dalilai. Domin yi dalilai acetylene carbide samu ta hanyar quenching da ruwa. Wannan samfurin aka sani na da yawa sosai m wari saboda impurities kunshe ne a cikin shi na ammonia da hydrogen sulfide. A gaskiya ma, cikin chemically m abu yana da wani weakly furta ethereal wari. Shi ne m fiye da iska, da kwayoyin nauyi na acetylene ne 26,038. Gas ne colorless, shi ne readily mai narkewa a cikin da yawa ruwa mafita, da solubility ƙaddara da yawan zafin jiki na bayani.

Yanzu fasahar samar domin samun acetylene daga methane da elektrokrekinga - wani tsari a cikin abin da lantarki ne na farko ya wuce methane gas a zazzabi ba m fiye 1600 ° C. Sa'an nan, su hana bazuwar na acetylene gas ne hõre m sanyaya. Wannan hanya ne tasiri a cewa wani sashi daga zafin rana samu ta hanyar konewa na wani abu za a iya directed zuwa dumama gaba dauki zagayowar, samar da ci gaba na tafarkinsa.

Acetylene ne yadu amfani a waldi da kuma yankan karafa, su sami wani sosai mai haske fari da hasken, don samar da abubuwa masu fashewa.