Imago - abin da yake da shi? Adult (tabbatacce) mataki na mutum cin gaban kwari da kuma wasu arthropod

Kwari cikin rayuwarsa samu mai zurfi sake fasalin kudin na waje da kuma na ciki Tsarin na jiki. A wasu kalmomin, da metamorphosis muhimmi a cikin dukan dabbobi. Wannan kawai yana daukan su a rarrabe da sosai musamman halaye. Post-tayi ci gaba da kwari wuce, yawanci uku a jere, saukarwa: kwai, tsutsa, imago. A da yawa jinsunan, akwai wani ƙarin mataki: triungulin, pupa da sauransu.

Ya danganta da yadda da yawa kafa kwaro tsarin rayuwarsa, shi za a iya sanya daya daga biyu manyan kungiyoyin: wani m ko cikakken hira. Saboda haka, aiwatar da metamorphosis ya kamata a daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin babban sharudda ga rarrabuwa.

Daga cikin labarin, za ka koyi da muhimmanci fasali na matakai na raya kasa na kwari da cikakken da kuma bai cika metamorphosis, tare da hypermetamorphosis.

Imago - abin da yake da shi?

The kalmar "imago" ne na Latin asalin da aka zahiri fassara a matsayin "hanyar". A ilmin dabbobi ajalin nufin adult (karshe) mataki na dabba ci gaba da wani hadadden rai sake zagayowar (wasu kwari da arthropod). Phase aka kammala. Tare da zuwan dabba yana da damar zuwa haifa, kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, to sake ma su matsugunni. Imago ne ba batun Molina. A wannan mataki, ci gaban da kwari da arthropod kare.

Dangane da abin da irin metamorphosis ne halayyar ga kowane jinsin, da imago mataki na iya fara a hanyoyi daban-daban.

Development da bai cika metamorphosis

Domin bai cika hira halayyar da uku matakai na kwari raya: kwai, tsutsa da kuma adult. A halayyar alama na da irin wannan metamorphosis ne kama daga bayyanar da manya larvae, kamar karshen, suna da mouthparts, fili idanu bayyana ta rudimentary fuka-fuki. Bugu da ƙari, akwai sau da yawa a irin wannan salon. The larvae na kwari da bai cika metamorphosis ake kira Nymphs.

Wannan irin metamorphosis auku a Orthoptera, Tarakanov, damselflies.

A ci gaba da cikakken metamorphosis

A cikakken hira na kwari da arthropod ne daga 4 zuwa 5 matakai na raya: kwai, tsutsa, pupa da kuma adult. Wani lokaci yana yiwuwa domin sanin mataki na prepupal. Tsutsa a cikin wannan hali zuwa adult takalma kusan ba ze fahimci wannan, yana isa zuwa tuna malam caterpillars. Shi ne bã tãre da hadaddun tsarin da ido da kuma na waje rudiments na fuka-fuki kuma yawanci yana da wani daban-daban irin mouthparts.

Da zarar wani gaskiya tsutsa kammala da girma, shi yana tsayawa ikon zama na kullum, kuma ya jũya a cikin wani pupa. Sa'an nan kuma ya hatches daga imago. Gaskiya larvae fiye kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: gusenitseobraznye, vermiform (beetles, Diptera, da dai sauransu) kampodeovidnye (ƙasa beetles, ruwa beetles da sauransu.).

Wannan irin metamorphosis ne halayyar duk Lepidoptera (malam), Coleoptera, Diptera.

Development da hypermetamorphosis

A mafi wuya hanya na ci gaba kwari ne hypermetamorphosis. Shi ne halayyar wasu beetles (tarho-iyakacin duniya irin ƙwaro, Meloidae, da dai sauransu), Lacewing, buzzing kwari, da kuma da dama daga Hymenoptera.

Lokacin da hypermetamorphosis larval mataki na kwari raya faruwa a dama, saukarwa. A tsarin da hanyar rayuwa na larvae shekaru daban-daban akwai karfi da bambance-bambance. A mataki na farko, ba su ci, amma rayayye matsawa da kuma shirya. Instar tsutsa yawanci zaune a cikin wani musamman mazauninsu. Ta ba kawai ciyar, amma kuma girma. Wani lokaci, su matsa daga daya nau'i zuwa wani aiki, na bukatar canji na wani kwayoyin. A cikin wadannan lokuta, da tsutsa zama ajali, da kuma tsaya a nan ba da ikon. A saboda haka ake kira "lozhnokukolka". Daga bisani, kamar yadda, misali, beetles daga iyali Meloidae, shi ne tuba a cikin wani real yar tsana, wanda tasowa daga irin ƙwaro imagos.

Features na tsarin da imago

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da karshe mataki na ci gaba da kwari da kuma wasu arthropod ne imago. Mẽne ne sauki fahimta da nufin harshen asali. da kalmar da aka fassara a cikin wasu kafofin a matsayin "gaskiya fuska" da kuma lalle shi haƙĩƙa. A tsawon rayuwar, ya kasance kusan canzawa a wannan mataki na manya, sun tsaya kan aiwatar da ci gaba. Molting ne ba ya nan a mafi jinsunan. Amma kowane mulki yana da ban. Saboda haka, m raka'a (thysanura, springtails et al.), Ko da a cikin adult mataki cuticle lokaci zuwa lokaci sake saita.

Babban bambance-bambance daga cikin balagaggu kwari juveniles su ne kamar haka. Suna ci gaba da fuka-fuki da genitalia, antennae kunshi wani tsayayyen yawan segments an kafa wani irin mouthparts (sau da yawa daban-daban daga abin da larvae). Imago maximally saba da yanayi, da kuma wannan da aka nuna a cikin Na'urar inji da yawa tsarin fasali: fasali na numfashi tsarin, jiki siffar, da ci gaba da hankula, ƙarin tsaro sunadaran, da dai sauransu ..

Domin mafi yawan arthropod, kwari wannan lokaci - yake ganiya na ci gaba. Ban ne kawai 'yan ticks. Sun yi duk abin da ya faru daidai gaban. Parasitic jinsunan motsi a cikin jiki kogo da kuma rundunar kyallen takarda rasa su morphological siffofin halayyar manya. Wannan tsari shine ake kira dezimaginizatsiya.

Age da alaka discoloration

Vyluplyayas daga pupa da haka wucewa na karshe Molina a larval mataki, kwaro ya fita daga harsashi. Sau da yawa na asali launi ne m, a sautin (ba fari da kuma paler). A lokacin wani lokaci (daga 'yan sa'o'i 2-3 makonni) pigment abu tara da oxidized ta tuntužar da yanayi iska, inda da cuticle darkens.

Wasu iri, misali, da imago kwari (domin Lepidoptera) ya bayyana tare da "su" dimbin yawa furanni.

The canji na launi iya zama saboda wasu canje-canje a cikin jiki. Saboda haka, bari locust da farko yana da wani yellow-koren launi. A lokacin kiwo kakar akwai wani jari a cikin jikin jima'i enzymes kuma a sakamakon samu wani m tint inuwõyi (hoton sama).

A rayuwa span na imago

A tsawon lokaci na tabbatacce ci gaba mataki na iya bambanta yadu dangane da nau'in. A guntu rai bagworm asu butterflies na iyali, tsare a kawai 'yan mintoci. Species Stage manya ne wanda ya riƙi wani fiye da kwanaki 2-3 (ciki har da mayflies, Chironomidae) bai rage abinci da kuma mouthparts.

Hanta za a iya kira social kwari kamar tururuwa da tururuwai suka gina. Su zauna cikin mahaifa, kuma Sarauniya rayuwa zuwa 20 da kuma 50 shekaru da bi. View cicadas Magicicada septendecim halin da 17-shekara rai sake zagayowar, wanda shi ne ma quite mai yawa da bukatunsu na kwari.

Yana faruwa ta halitta da kuma quite paradoxical lokuta. Alal misali, saba wa duk stag irin ƙwaro (hoton sama) a cikin balagaggu mataki ciyarwa kawai 'yan makonni, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa, yayin da tsutsa zaune har zuwa shekaru biyar.

Popular sau da yawa, mazauninsu, da kuma shagaltar da larvae da kuma manya daga cikin wannan jinsin ya bambanta a cikin muhalli alkuki. Alal misali, sauro. A tsutsa yana da wani hali rage cin abinci domin a predator (plankton, kwayoyin) da kuma rãyukanku a cikin ruwa. Imago - tashi kwari. Mãtan ciyar a kan jinin vertebrate dabbobi, da kuma maza - ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma secretions na shuke-shuke.

Babban aiki na imago mataki

Saboda haka, karshe mataki na kwari rayuwa ne adult mataki, abin da shi ne, ka riga koya a sama. Fahimci ainihin tabbatar da dalilin su koyi da babban fasali na tsari, shi ne mai sauki tsammani cewa, babban aiki na wannan zamani. A} uruciyarsa cikakken duk kwayoyin ninka, yin gyara da yawan jinsunan. Idan yawan kwai-kwanciya kwari tsakanin mãtã wuce adadin maza, su ne m. Alal misali, Sarauniyar kudan zuma iya fasa domin kakar har zuwa 1500 qwai.

Adult mataki ne mai muhimmanci a cikin sulhu iri. Wannan tsari yana yuwuwa ta gaban a manya ɓullo da fuka-fuki kuma wata gabar jiki.

An taba kan janar akanta imaginal mataki, ya kamata a lura da cewa imago - shi ne wani nau'i ne na bayyanar juyin matakai hade da ci gaban nazarin sasannin arthropod da m karfafa a cikin shagaltar da muhalli maharibai.