Condenser. A samar da makamashi na cajin capacitor

Tun da farko na binciken don magance matsalar wutar lantarki ga ta jari da kuma adana shi kawai a 1745 Ewald Jurgen von Kleist da Pieter van Musschenbroek. Kafa a Dutch Leiden na'urar yarda ka tara na'urar samar da makamashi da kuma amfani da shi a lokacin da ya cancanta.

Leyden jar - wani samfur capacitor. Its amfani a jiki da gwaje-gwajen da ciyar da nazarin da wutar lantarki ne nisa gaba yiwu ya halicci samfur na da lantarki.

Mene ne wani capacitor

Tattara da wutar lantarki da kuma wutar lantarki - babban manufar da capacitor. Yawanci, a tsarin na biyu makaran conductors shirya kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga juna. A sarari tsakanin conductors aka cika da dielectric. Tara cajin a kan zaba conductors heteronymic. A dukiya yake daura zargin jawo hankalin inganta mafi girma ta jari. A dielectric aka bai wa dual rawar: mafi girma da dielectric akai, da girma da lantarki capacitance, zargin da ba zai iya cin nasara da shãmaki, kuma neutralized.

Electric iya aiki - ainihin jiki yawa characterizing damar tara a lura da capacitor. Guides faranti kira lantarki filin mayar da hankali capacitor therebetween.

Energy cajin capacitor, ta bayyana a dogara a kan iyãwarsa.

lantarki damar

Makamashi sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da (manyan lantarki capacitance) na capacitor. A samar da makamashi na cajin capacitor da ake amfani da su yi amfani short halin yanzu bugun jini idan ya cancanta.

A abin da dabi'u dogara ne kan wutar lantarki damar? A tsari fara da caji capacitor a haɗa ta wayoyin da sandunan da wani halin yanzu Madogararsa. Tara a kan daya farantin cajin (darajar wanda q) da aka dauka a matsayin cajin a kan capacitor. A lantarki filin da aka tsakiya tsakanin wayoyin yana da wani m bambanci U.

Banana capacitance (C) ya dogara da yawa na wutar lantarki da aka mayar da hankali a kan daya shugaba da kuma filin ƙarfin lantarki: C = q / U.

Wannan darajar da aka auna a F (farads).

Da damar da dukan duniya ba za a iya kwatanta ta da capacitance na capacitor, wanda darajar ne kamar littafin rubutu. Tara iko cajin za a iya amfani da a cikin art.

Duk da haka, domin ceton wani Unlimited yawan wutar lantarki a kan faranti ne ba zai yiwu. Lokacin da irin ƙarfin lantarki qara zuwa iyakar darajar capacitor fashewa iya faruwa. Faranti ake neutralized, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa da na'urar. A samar da makamashi na wani cajin capacitor ne kamar haka gaba daya a cikin zãfi.

The adadin kuzari

Dumama da capacitor ne saboda na yi hira da wutar lantarki filin makamashi a cikin ciki. Da ikon da capacitor yin aikin a kan motsi na cajin nuna gaban wani isasshen samar da wutar lantarki. Don sanin yadda manyan makamashi na wani cajin capacitor, la'akari da aiwatar da detente. A lantarki filin ƙarfin lantarki U q cajin yawa gudana daga daya farantin zuwa wani. By definition, wani aiki filin ne daidaita da samfurin na m bambanci fadin cajin yawa: A = Qu. Wannan aboki yana aiki ne kawai don wani m ƙarfin lantarki darajar, amma a tsari ga dakatar da da capacitor faranti ne a hankali a hankali karu a ta sifili. Don kauce wa discrepancies, mun dauki ya talakawan zuwa U / 2.

Banana iya aiki daga dabara da: q = CU.

Saboda haka, da samar da makamashi na wani cajin capacitor za a iya ƙaddara bisa ga dabara:

W = CU ^2/2.

Mun gani cewa ta girma shi ne mafi girma da mafi girma da lantarki iya aiki da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki. Don amsa wannan tambaya na abin da yake da makamashi na wani cajin capacitor, karkata zuwa ga jinsin.

iri capacitors

Saboda samar da makamashi na lantarki filin mayar da hankali a capacitor ne kai tsaye related to ta capacitance da capacitor aiki ya dogara da su tsarin halaye, amfani da daban-daban na tafiyarwa.

1. A siffar da faranti: lebur, cylindrical, mai siffar zobe, da dai sauransu ...
2. Daga cikin canji a capacitance: m (da damar da aka ba su canja ba), canji (gyaggyarawa da jiki Properties, da canza iya aiki), Trimmers. Capacitance canji iya za'ayi da canza zazzabi, inji ko lantarki ƙarfin lantarki. Banana capacitance na kunna capacitor faranti ya musanya canji yankin.
3. Bisa ga dielectric type: gas, ruwa, m dielectric.
4. Bisa ga dielectric nufin: gilashi, takarda, Mica, metallized, yumbu, na bakin ciki-fina-finan na daban-daban qagaggun.

Dangane da irin bambanci da sauran capacitors. A samar da makamashi na cajin capacitor dogara a kan dielectric Properties. Babban yawa kira permittivity. Banana capacitance ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga shi.

farantin capacitor

Bari mu bincika wani sauki na'urar for tattara lantarki cajin - wani lebur condenser. Wannan shi ne wani jiki tsarin kunsha na biyu a layi daya faranti tsakanin wanda da dielectric Layer.

Form faranti iya zama rectangular, kuma madauwari. Idan kana bukatar ka sami wani m iya aiki, da farantin an yawanci caje a cikin nau'i na rabin-woje. Juyawa na daya lantarki zumunta zuwa wani sa wani canji a yankin na faranti.

Muna zaton cewa yanki na daya farantin ne S, da nisa tsakanin faranti dauki daidai d, permittivity filler - ε. Electric damar da tsarin dogara kawai a kan lissafi na capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

A samar da makamashi na lebur capacitor

Mun gani cewa capacitance ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga total yanki na daya farantin karfe kuma inversely na gwargwado ga nesa therebetween. A coefficient na proportionality - lantarki m ε _0. Kara dielectric akai na dielectric zai kara lantarki capacitance. Rage yankin na faranti na samar da wani trimmer capacitors. Electric filin makamashi cajin capacitor dogara a kan ta geometrical sigogi.

Muna amfani da wani lissafi dabara: W = CU ^2/2.

Tabbatar da dalilin da makamashi cajin capacitor planar siffar ne da za'ayi bisa ga dabara:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2D).

A amfani da capacitors

Da ikon da capacitors hankali tattara da wutar lantarki da sauri isa ya bayar da shi da ake amfani a fannoni daban daban na fasaha.

Fili da inductors iya ƙirƙirar resonant haihuwarka, tace yanzu feedback kewaye.

Flashlights, stun, a cikin abin da akwai kusan instantaneous sallama damar capacitor da ake amfani da su haifar da wani karfi bugun jini halin yanzu. capacitor caji faruwa daga m halin yanzu Madogararsa. Kanta abubuwa a matsayin capacitor da rabi, karya da kewaye. a gaban shugabanci, ta hanyar da fitilar da sallama ne kananan ohmic juriya kusan nan take. A electroshock wannan kashi ne da jikin mutum.

Capacitor ko baturi

Da ikon na dogon lokaci domin ci gaba da adana cajin ba da babban damar amfani da shi a matsayin ajiya kafofin watsa labarai ko samar da makamashi ajiya. A rediyo, wannan dukiya da aka yi amfani da ko'ina.

Musanyen baturi, da rashin alheri, da capacitor ba iya, saboda yana da wani alama na sallama. Tara su samar da makamashi ba ya wuce 'yan da ɗari joules. Baturi iya adana manyan samar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci, da kuma tare da kusan babu hasara.