Earthenware - menene wannan? Mene ne daban-daban daga ain kumar kasko?

Mutãne tun zamanin da amfani ga yi na faience faranti da kofuna. Kuma a duniya a yau, kumar kasko an dauki kusan ba makawa. Ko da yake style of kayayyakin, da samar da fasaha ne kullum canja, amma abu ya rage canzawa. Mene ne faience, da kuma abin da siffofi da shi ya - yi kokarin fahimtar wannan labarin.

Mene ne wani faience

Faience - wani abu daga wanda aka sanya da jita-jita, ciki, gine-gine da abubuwa , da dai sauransu An halin fragility, yawa, kuma porosity lafiya ... Sunan wannan abu ya zo daga Italiyanci birnin Faenza, wanda ya shahara wajen samar da kayayyakin yumbu.

Earthenware ne, yafi amfani domin samar da tableware, tsarabobi da daban-daban yumbu kyautai. Figurines na da irin wannan bambanta daga ain haske da jikewa da launuka, kuma ya dubi sosai ba dama. Amma tableware, kitchenware na ain sau da yawa samar da sauki form, kuma ya dubi al'ada. Shi ne cikakke ga yau da kullum da abinci da sauki tableware.

irin earthenware

Dangane da abun da ke ciki da kuma adadin impurities da dama iri ain:

1. Calcareous earthenware - fãce ma'adini da fari lãka aka hada da alli da dolomite. Tare da wadannan Additives kayayyakin an sanya mafi sauki da kuma sauri.
2. Soft earthenware - an kara wa al'ada abun da ke ciki daban-daban plavni - abubuwa wanda ya samar da lokacin thermal aiki fusible fili.
3. Feldspar earthenware - shi ya ƙunshi wani adadin feldspar (dutse-kafa ma'adanai).
4. Hard ware - shi ne mafi m abu. Irin kayayyakin da high inji Properties. Obzhog m earthenware wuce a sosai high zazzabi.

A tarihin earthenware

Mutãne san abin da faience, wani 4 dubu. BC. e. A abun da ke ciki na farko kumar kasko sanya dan kadan daban-daban daga yau. A Mesafotamiya da Misira earthenware articles sanya na ma'adini pebbles doped tare da soda lemun tsami, tagulla da kuma ƙarfe tama.

Da yawa daga baya, earthenware bayyana a cikin Tsohon World. Da farko ya fitar ya kira majolica a wasu Italian birane. Sai ain kayayyakin na high quality sanya a Faransa, a Saint-Porsche.

A Rasha, faience sami daraja a cikin XVIII karni. A Moscow, da dukan ma'aikata don samar da yumbu kayayyakin. Delftware halin kaka tsakanin yawan jama'a a sauri taki da kuma jin dadin m shahararsa. Products na daban-daban shuke-shuke sãɓã wajũna. Saboda haka, shugaban masu manufactory Grebenshchikov fentin jita-jita a kan rigar enamel. Tukwane Association Kuznetsova daban-daban masu launin glaze shafi, ƙara da taimako ko bugu zane. Gzhel factory ƙera kayayyakin yafi a blue, kazalika da zinariya-fentin.

Konakovo faience

Great ci gaba a samar da ain kayayyakin sanya MS Kuznetsov, wanda ya saye a 1870 ain ma'aikata a Konakovo. Ya ƙãga halittarku yafi earthenware hannun fentin ko buga alamu. Bayan game da shekaru 20, Kuznetsov fara nuna jita-jita na polufayans, ain da tukwane. Tun da tsakiyar 20s. XX karni factory fara unsa da mafi kyau artists kuma Masters zanen haifar da kyakkyawar alamu a kan jita-jita da kuma halittun animalistic sculptures. Ayyukansu sun a bukatar, wanda a nuna gudummawar da fadada samar.

A tsawon lokaci, artists sun iya ƙirƙirar wani style of da kayayyakin: kwayoyin siffar ain abubuwa wasa na gaisuwa da kuma haske fentin potechnyh glaze. Konakovo faience fitar dashi zuwa kasashen da dama. Wasu samfura suna amince kiyaye to mu kwana.

Semikarakorsk tukwane

Semikarakorsk faience - wani m m sabon abu Don ƙasar. Rostov yankin da aka tsunduma a Manufacturing kumar kasko tun lokacin da. Mutane da yawa archaeological Finds nuna wanzuwar artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk tun kafin lokacin Kiristoci.

Art style Semikarakorsky earthenware siffofin asali zane-zane, buketno-fure ado, na halitta al'amuran, tarihi motifs. Masters a zane sun iya kai da kyakkyawa da ikon su yankin, Don hadisin, ruhun Cossacks.

Saboda babban matakin da m fasaha Semikarakorsk faience duniya sami ayyukan art.

Iri earthenware

Yau, kusan ko'ina amfani kumar kasko. Wannan shi ne saboda ba kawai don ta low cost, amma da sauki daga yin irin wannan articles. Da aka fi samar earthenware jita-jita: bowls, faranti for appetizers da kuma babban jita-jita, zurfin bowls, seledochnitsy, tsaye ga burodi da kuma irin kek, miya, bouillon miya tureens kuma vases, kofuna ga zafi sha, madara jugs, mugs, gishiri da sukari. Sau da yawa wadannan kwanaki a shagunan za ka iya ganin wata babbar iri-iri na gine-gine da abubuwa daga faience, fale-falen, toilets. Home kayayyakinta irin shaida ne ba kawai game da dandano mai kyau na mai shi, amma kuma game da zarafinshi na kudi alheri.

Yadda yi crockery

Ma'adini, mai tsaurin: biyu aka gyara, daya dole amfani don ƙirƙirar earthenware fari lãka. Kan aiwatar da Manufacturing yumbu kayayyakin fara da na karshe magani. Saboda haka, kona ne da za'ayi sau da yawa a lãka taro a zazzabi na 1050 ° C, a lokacin da wannan, shi dole ne canza launi. Sa'an nan a zazzabi na 950 ° C ne amfani da wani m ko canza launin glaze. A karshe mataki ne sake-harbe-harben. A sakamakon irin wannan daukan hotuna faience taro da ya rage porous da kuma dace da kayan ado kayayyaki. Idan kumar kasko da aka kora a wani low zazzabi, zai kasance mafi alhẽri a ci gaba da m underglaze Paints.

Saboda haka, abu ke ta da yawa aiki matakai, yayin da samun shirye faience. Photo faranti masana'antu tsari misalta da matuqar wahala qwarai da wannan tsari.

tsafta faience

A cikin 'yan shekaru fiye da kuma mafi m tsafta earthenware. Da samar da daukan wuri a kan wani daban-daban fasahar fiye da yi na jita-jita, ko figurines. Don ƙirƙirar high ƙarfi abu mai rufi da musamman shafi kayayyakin. Tare da ta dace da hankali aiki earthenware aikin famfo iya bauta wa dogon isa a cikin wannan harka da shi zai duba wannan matsayin a lokacin saye.

Yadda za a rarrabe kumar kasko daga china

Mutane da yawa ba su san bambanci tsakanin ain daga kumar kasko, kuma sukan gauraye, amma tsakanin su akwai bambanci. Yumbu kayayyakin an halin da low mataki na sĩlĩli fari, da girma bango kauri da kuma ƙananan ƙarfi. Gama abubuwa suna bambanta da m siffofi. Crockery, idan aka kwatanta da ain iya riƙe zafi na dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, irin wannan kayayyakin ba zai iya tsayayya high yanayin zafi. Idan jita-jita wanke a ruwan zafi, shi zai iya crack. Saboda haka, a lokuta da dama shi ne mafi m don amfani tableware sanya na ain.

Don gane da bambanci tsakanin ain daga kumar kasko, za ka iya yin kwatanta kayayyakin daga wadannan kayan. A farko muhimmanci bambanci - da batun sonority. Ya kamata ya zama da sauki buga a gefen farantin. Ain fitarda mai tsawo da kuma jinsin hum. A daidai wannan lokaci da kararrawa faience thud.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu domin sanin faience da waje fasali. Utensils sanya na tukwane ba ya aika da haske. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da kayayyakin ake kora a wani gwada da low zazzabi. A sananne bambanci ne m kasa surface na jita-jita. Wani lokaci za ka iya ganin kananan dimples, wanda aka kafa a lokacin da harbe-harben. Don kwatanta, kasa na china ne ko da yaushe m.

Kambun crockery zama mafi tattalin arziki da su bi ta kuma saka idanu ta yanayin. Idan fasa amfani da wannan kayayyakin ne a ke so, tun kwayoyin shiga cikin pores na earthenware kuma iya tsokana da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban.

Yadda za a kula da faience

Kamar yadda da kowane jita-jita, earthenware kayayyakin bukatar takamaiman kula. Ta duk da kaddarorin wannan abu, yana da muhimmanci sosai ga bin dokokin aiki, to mika sabis rai na faience.

A mafi muhimmanci mulki - su wanke articles na ain kawai a dumi ruwa da kuma kurkura a cikin sanyi. A cikin hali na ruwan zafi a kan jita-jita an kafa kananan fasa da kuma karye abu tsarin.

Ƙuna, musamman powders, shi ne mafi alhẽri ba don amfani. Don sauƙaƙa duhunta crockery za a iya amfani da wani bayani na yin burodi soda ko gishiri da vinegar a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1. Musamman ya kamata a hankali kula da articles da zinariya. Gaskiyar cewa Figures, wadda aka yi wa ado da faience, glazed. Saboda haka, bayan maimaita wanka kasance m. Amma gilding - shi ne amfani a kan glaze da hankali sharewa daga yau da kullum amfani. Saboda haka, wurin ado da zinariya Paint, ba za ka iya Rub karfi, shi ne mafi alhẽri amfani da yadi mai laushi ko soso. Cire stains daga earthenware kayayyakin iya tare da zane moistened da kananan adadin ammonia.

Duk da abũbuwan amfãni daga ain, mutane har yanzu ci gaba da saya kumar kasko. Wannan stimulates yumbu masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin sabon ga dama dalilai.