Hybridological hanyar

Kamar yadda gaskiya da wadansu da yawa, halittar jini ne Sarauniyar kimiyyar. Lalle ne, al'amurran da suka shafi wannan kimiyya, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, kamar yadda suka ƙayyade, kamar yadda suka faɗa, da ingancin daga zurriyar aka haife. Auren da kuma ko da yaushe taimaka a magance matsalolin da irin matsayin search for sabon jiyya ga tsanani cututtuka.

Daya hanyar yin aiki a cikin halittar jini ne Hybridological Hanyar. Yana ba da sauran, a matsayin Hanyar karatu gadar hali. Its ainihi shi ne wannan: idan akwai sreschivanie biyu jinsuna, da zũriyarsu gãdõn wani sa na halaye, wanda za a ƙaddara da genotype. Irin wannan hanya da aka sani a matsayin hanyar Hybridological Mendel. Shi ne na farko wanda ya ketare daban-daban irin Peas, wanda ya sãɓã, daga juna a wasu madaidaci. Alal misali, sun bambanta a cikin size of tsaba, su siffar, launi, da kuma kara tsawo da sauransu. Mendel da za'ayi yawa aiki a kan tsallaka jinsuna daban da kuma lura da hanyar da bayyana dukan alamu a cikin na farko, na biyu da kuma wasu ƙarnõni dabam daga hybrids. Irin wannan aiki Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da yawa irin Peas, don haka ya ya iya kafa wasu alamu da suke da dangantaka da gwada yawa rabo na matasan shuke-shuke, da kuma da suka saba da wasu kaddarorin da farko iri-iri.

Hybridological Hanyar za a iya raba da dama iri. Mafi sauki daga wadannan ba cewa wasu, kamar yadda monohybrid giciye. Shi ne kawai 'yan bambance-bambance tsakanin iyayentaka siffofin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne a zahiri kamar wata ãyõyi.

Idan ba takamaiman misalai, shi ne ake kira a mararraba tsakanin iri tare da kore fis tsaba da kuma rawaya. Wadannan da gwaje-gwajen, Mendel zo ga karshe cewa sun zama da wasu postulates halittar jini. Da fari dai, muna magana ne game da mulki da suka shafi cikin uniformity na farko matasan tsara. Abu na biyu, ya kamata a ce game da biyu ƙarni na matasan tsakiyan nonon dokar. Kuma, uku, kada mu lura da jarrabawa tsarki na gametes.

Idan muka magana game da ƙarni na farko na uniformity mulki, shi wajibi ne a ce shi yakan haifar da wata kama daga ƙarni na farko da iyaye a kan dukkan filaye.

Ga wanda zai iya tsayar da cikakken dominance na fasali na daya iyaye a kan wasu alamu.

Hybridological Hanyar za a iya gani a matsayin wani na musamman idan akwai kwayoyin analysis. Ya yawanci riga da abin da ake kira kiwo Hanyar. Wajibi ne a zabi ko haifar da albarkatun kasa, wanda zai baya a karatu. Mendel a wannan yanayin aiki tare da fis tsaba da suke kai pollinating.

Ba asiri da cewa a wasu lokuta, a tsari wanda ake kira kai tsaye Hybridological Hanyar ba za a iya amfani da su. Wannan ya shafi gado na dabiu a cikin mutane. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin wannan yanayin ba za a iya shirya crossbreeding da nevzmozhno samar da sigogi kamar haihuwa, kazalika da lokaci na balaga. A saboda wannan dalili, a jinsi suna amfani da wasu sauran hanyoyin.

Alal misali, cytogenetic hanyoyin. Karatunsu da hannu kimiyya cytogenetics. Yana ba ware irin wannan abu a matsayin Hybridological bincike, amma an yi nazari na gani m kayyade bayani. Yana ba kõme ba sai a mitotic, meiotic da polytene chromosomes da mitochondria da plastids. Saboda haka, cytological hanyoyin, na farko, ya shafi nazarin chromosomes.

Don yin wannan, yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyin da bincike: Hanyar haske bincike da madubin likita, kazalika da yawa hanyoyin mikrospicheskih gwaje-gwaje, wanda ake gudanar da taimakon da wasu na'urorin lantarki.