Yawan jama'a da kuma ilimin kididdiga Hanyar bincike. Wannan nazarin halittar jini na yawan-ilimin kididdiga Hanyar?

Alamu na gado na daban-daban dabiu a cikin jikin mutum ya duba cikin reshe na nazarin halittun - adam itatuwa aure. An hankali alaka da Physiology, magani, da muhalli, da kuma an tsara don warware matsalolin ganewa da kuma farkon ganewar asali na pathologies, ya sa ta hanyar aberrations a gene pool na mutum alƙarya - chromosomal, kwayoyin da kuma ilimin kwayoyin hali maye gurbi. Yawan jama'a da kuma ilimin kididdiga Hanyar ne daya daga cikin mafi tabbatar nau'i na ganewa da kuma Hasashen na syndromes - hereditary adam cututtuka, karatu da shi, kuma za a yi nasiha ga wannan labarin.

Features na aikace-aikace Hanyar

Medical Auren a cikin aikin koma ga siffofin daban-daban na 'yan Adam chromosome bincike na'ura, da jawo data na daidai sciences, statistics da kuma na asibiti magani. Yana da wani hadari da msar tambayar dalilin yawan halittar jini da kuma ta dokoki da aka tsara tare da taimakon ilmin lissafi analysis. Yawan jama'a-ilimin kididdiga Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ba kawai don gano kwayoyin munanan, amma kuma domin sanin aukuwar genes boye wadannan cuta a matsayin homozygous recessive yanayin, da kuma (m kowa), heterozygous ba baiyana phenotypic form.

A ra'ayi na yawan

Don shigar da ilmin lissafi alamu na rarraba takamaiman hereditary dabiu a gene pool, halittar jini koma ga manufar da mutum yawan jama'a. Abin da hanyoyin da ake mafi in bukatar ta kimiyyar zamani don nazarin shi? Mene ne uku mafi muhimmanci:

1. Yawan jama'a-ilimin kididdiga Hanyar.

2. asali.

3. Twin.

A karkashin gene pool fahimta genotypes dukkan mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin wani da aka ba wurin. Wannan na iya zama da yawan jama'a na a dukan ƙasar, wata kasa ko mutum kungiyar cewa na zaune isa a kadaici, misali, mazauna kauyen rasa a duwatsun Afghanistan ko kabilar a cikin Amazon Jungle.

A genotypic faye hali na yawan shiga cikin sa na duk kwayoyin halittu da kuma waje alamun da mutane. Yawan jama'a da kuma ilimin kididdiga Hanyar bincike amfani da nazari na biyu harben munanan, da waɗanda suke da wata, tsattsarkar asali nau'i na nuni.

Na farko da kungiyar ta auku a sakamakon situational teratogens. A sauran kungiyar hada da wani m jerin anomalies, wanda aka tsare a rubuce a musamman iyali, al'umma kabila, domin a isasshe tsawon lokaci. Alal misali, polydactyly, makanta, hemophilia. Don karatu ginshikai na watsa pathological hereditary dabiu iko wadannan cututtuka populjatsionno amfani da ilimin kididdiga Hanyar.

Dalilai da shafi bayyanar cuta da kwayoyin predisposition

Medicine multifactorial yanayi tabbatar (da kwayoyin da kuma muhalli) pathologies cewa bayyana kansu a cikin wani adadin da dama mutum zamaninsu. Halitta bincike na hauhawar jini, irin na ciwon sukari, asma, schizophrenia da kuma sauran cututtuka da hereditary predisposition bukatar wani bincike na dubban pedigrees.

A kowane hali populjatsionno ilimin kididdiga halittar jini Hanyar ne iya gane matakin adam kungiyar halayen da sakamako na muhalli dalilai (radiation microelement abun da ke ciki na shan ruwa, sauyin yanayi) da kuma sanin yadda da yawa kwayoyin halittu da shi ne a tsare.

An adam cututtuka dangantawa da kwayoyin heterogeneity na yawan

Abin da sakamakon ba a kamanta bincike na kabilun daban-daban da suke zaune a wannan muhalli yanayi? Bambanta a mayar da martani ga irin wannan alƙarya kama abiotic dalilai ne hujja da su a kayyade heterogeneity.

Clinical, iyali da kuma yawan ilimin kididdiga hanya domin nazarin mutum jinsi sun nuna cewa matakin na bayyanuwar cuta a cikin iyalai ne m zuwa ta aukuwar a cikin yawan. Suna amfani da nazarin kwayoyin predisposition rheumatism, allergies, kazalika a asibiti karatu na yawan fama da multifactorial cututtuka: mahara sclerosis, Alzheimer ta, Autism.

Ilmin Lissafi gaskata gado

Kafin akai la'akari da musamman halittar jini na mutum alƙarya, mun yi nazarin ta ne msar tambayar tsarin gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na ilmin lissafi dokar. Its ainihi shi ne kamar haka: The mita na genotypes bisa ga wani daga cikin kwayoyin halittu za a iya lasafta ta yin amfani da lissafi na square Naira Miliyan Xari biyu da lambobi. Duk da haka, wannan alƙarya dole ne isasshe manyan, shi ba zai iya zama kwayoyin gantali da zabin da sojojin da kuma ma'abota faruwa spontaneously.

Da ake ji yawan-ilimin kididdiga hanya domin karatu adam halittar jini da kuma sakamakon da na asibiti lura, yana yiwuwa ya hango ko hasashen mita na phenotypic magana daga m kwayoyin halitta, kuma da alama na da ciwon yaro da Pathology.

Yadda za a kirga yiwuwar cuta

Ga wani misali daga gādon phenylketonuria - kwayoyin cututtuka, wanda dogara ne a kan wani sharing take hakkin muhimmanci amino acid phenylalanine. A alƙarya na Turai jama'a mahaukaci gene aukuwa mita f ne 1: 10,000 da marasa lafiya ne homozygous recessive genotype JJu.

Amfani da karfin yawan-ilimin kididdiga hanya, da kuma ilmin lissafi lissafin, yana yiwuwa ka saita mita na mahaukaci gene. Daidai ne a 0.01. Sa'an nan yiwuwar hali da aka bayyana a cikin phenotype, shi ne 0.99. Saboda haka, dako da wani recessive gene, da ciwon da genotype JJu, qumshi 0.02. Wannan shi ne, a cikin wannan yawan kimanin 2% na mutanen da suka zaune a cikin su genotype recessive gene for phenylketonuria.

Kamar yadda muka gani, da yawan-ilimin kididdiga Hanyar amfani da yin lissafi da mita panmictic yawan kwayoyin halittu alhakin magana na hereditary pathologies.

Features na mutum alƙarya

A ci gaba da wayewar dan adam ne, kafa wani nazarin halittu taxon, za a iya wakilta a matsayin ci gaban mutum al'ummomi, a dogon lokaci mai rai a cikin wani yanayi irin wannan yanayi. Sun hada da irin wannan climatogeographic sigogi, guda hanyar cin abinci, kowa pathogens.

Duk da wannan gudummawar da bunqasar a gene pool na alƙarya da kungiyoyin na al'ada alleles da nau'i-nau'i a farkon matakai na anthropogenesis ya tushen ga mataki na hereditary iri bambancin da zabin.

Wannan nazarin halittar jini na yawan jama'a da kuma na ilimin kididdiga hanyoyi yanzu? Da farko, yana da sakamako a kan mutum genome tilasta kadaici da hankali da alaka da aure, muhalli. Sun kai ga gene pool na bil'adama nauyaya mahaukaci genes kuma ya sa halittar likita-kayyade shawara na fadi cibiyar sadarwa tsara don gane kayyade predisposition zuwa bayyanuwar cututtuka daban-daban.