Harshe garambawul Karamzin. Jigon da ribobi da fursunoni na da harshen Karamzin garambawul

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin ya da wani gagarumin adadi a fagen ilimi, musamman tarihi da kuma harsuna. Shi ne shugaban sentimentalistkogo Trend in adabi da kuma halitta sabon yayi a Rasha harshe. Aikinsa zama da aka sani da harshen garambawul Karamzin.

Jigon harshen garambawul

Menene Nikolai Mikhailovich so a cimma da taimakon da ya gyara? A wannan lokacin, da Rasha da harshen da aka kama da Church, da kuma wasu siffofin ginin kalma sanya shi "matakin matsakaicin nauyi". Dalilin da marubuci ya cire masu rinjaye na Latin kuma Slavic kalmomi, to ƙara kalmomi daga harshen Faransanci, wanda aka dauke da harshen da haskaka da kuma ilimi da mutane.

Principles of harshen Karamzin garambawul

Its main aiki na marubuci sawa ya zama cikin daraja al'umma rubuta kamar zance. Don ƙirƙirar "wani sabon syllable," Karamzin mayar da rabe-siffofin Lomonosov. Ya odes aka sau da yawa amfani da wuya, kuma aka rabu amfani da kalmomi, wanda wasu marubuta sa a wuya matsayi. Daya daga cikin ka'idojin aikin Nikolai Mikhailovich ya kawo marubuta da magana da harshen.

Don wannan ya kamata a cire daga duk staroslavyanizmy harshe. Amma gaba daya ba su tashi, kuma, ba shi yiwuwa - da shi zai zama ga naƙasta wa Rasha harshen asallanta, richness da kuma musamman fara'a. Saboda haka, da wadannan iri staroslavyanizmy aka bar:

• shayari da ciwon ya dafa.
• amfani ga m dalilai.
• amfani da su sake gina wani musamman tarihi epoch.

Wani manufa na "sabon" syllable ya rage wuya da tsari, watau maye nauyi, tsawo, "Lomonosov" kayayyaki a kan wani Saukake shawara. Aka yanke shawarar canza duk kungiyoyin kwadago da Old Slavic asalin. Karamzin nemi ya yi amfani da kamar yadda zai yiwu Rasha kungiya ta kashin, yafi da bunkasa yanayi. Ya shi canza tsari na kalmomin da ke kan layi, wanda da jũna a gare shi fiye da sauƙi ga mutane.

Kuma da uku manufa na da harshen Karamzin ta sake fasalin sun neologisms. Nikolai Mikhailovich kokarin ba to kawai shigar da wani waje kalma a cikin Rasha harshen, amma kuma ya daidaita da shi zuwa ga peculiarities na Rasha nahawu. Wani lokaci, da neologisms ya zauna untranslated, domin ya gaskata cewa saboda sun sauti mafi alhẽri. Amma daga baya, da marubuci bita ya views a kan wajen samo da kuma fara yin amfani da karin maganar da Rasha asalin.

A dauki ga gyara daga Shishkov

Hakika, irin wannan muhimmanci canje-canje ba sa jayayya al'umma. Akwai waɗanda suke ba su amince da harshen da sake fasalin Karamzin. Saboda haka, daga cikin abokan adawar da aka Shishkov - shahararren dattaku da lokaci. Ya kasance ba a philologist, don haka ya muhawara sun kasance mafi yawa m hali.

Ya yi imani Karamazina freethinker, a lover dukan kõme waje. Shishkin yi imani da cewa aro kalmomi kawai ganimar da Rasha harshen, dõmin karkatarwa da asalinta. Kawai yin amfani da Slavic kalma inganta m ilimi. Ya haka samarwa don maye gurbin riga kafa waje maganganu a Slavic. Alal misali, kalmar nan "actor" tare da "actor".

Principles of harshen garambawul Karamzin da Shishkov da daban-daban akai domin a Nikolai Mikhailovich gane cewa canji wajibi ne rabe-raben harsuna tsarin daga philological ra'ayi, da kuma Shishkov jagoranci kishin kasa.

Ribobi da fursunoni na da harshen Karamzin garambawul

Ire, kamar yadda muka ce, samu wani gauraye kima a cikin al'umma. A daya hannun, duk da canje-canje - shi ne halitta sakamakon abubuwan tarihin da cewa suna faruwa ta hanyar Rasha. A da epoch na haske, don haka ya zama dole ya rage wuya da harshen gwamnatin, ya rabu da mu rabu amfani kalmomi. Wannan abu ne na halitta ci gaban da harshe, domin shi ba zai iya ci gaba, idan ba su bayyana sabon kalmomi da maganganu obort.

Amma a daya bangaren, da harshen Faransanci ya zama da yawa. Ya aiki gabatarwar da gudummawar da gaskiya cewa bambance-bambance tsakanin sadarwar da na kowa mutane da kuma babba azuzuwan zama babbar. Kuma wannan garambawul za a iya kira a wani mataki na antisocial kuma ba zai amfana ga samuwar kishin kasa. Amma shi ne mai halitta gaba daya sabon abu a cikin shekaru haskaka absolutism.

Saboda haka, duk da gauraye da sake dubawa, ya kamata a lura da cewa Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamazin da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da wallafe-wallafen harshen da janar al'ada a Rasha.