Gene - menene wannan? Ban mamaki da kuma m kimiyya jinsi

Me mutum ya dubi da cewa hanyar da ba wani? Me ya sa yara kama iyayensu, kakaninki, 'yan'uwa? Wannan tambaya sha'awar mutane dogon kafin fitowan da wani ilmin halittar jini. Ta bayyana gwada da kwanan nan. The kafa wannan kimiyya yana dauke Gregor Mendel, wanda ya rayu a cikin XIX karni da kuma tsara da dama dokokin, bisa ga abin akwai gado na wasu halaye.

A farkon da XX karni, wannan yanki yana da sha'awar masana kimiyya da kuma ya samu tsanani ci gaba. A 1909 an tsara da kuma sa a cikin yin amfani da manufar da gene. Gene - wani bangare ne na DNA sarkar, duk da saba biyu Helix, wanda aka samu a cikin kowane mutum cell da kuma daukawa duk bayani game da shi. DNA kuma an samu a cikin jam sel, da kuma lokacin da hadewar ne cakuda da DNA na biyu kwayoyin, don samar da sabon da kuma musamman kewaye cewa hadawa a DNA ba kawai iyaye kwayoyin, amma kuma sassa na sarƙoƙi na kakanninsu. Gene - a naúrar na bayanai game da duk wani alama ko rukuni na fasali na wani kwayoyin. Wasu kwayoyin halittu partially zoba da bayani shigar wanda ke aiki a cikin su, saboda haka kowane dabba bayyana via jima'i haifuwa, shi ne cikakken musamman. An yi imani da cewa dukkan bayanai game da kwayoyin da aka sauya ta a kalla 30-50 dubu kwayoyin halitta, amma da suka iya zama da yafi. Wannan shi ne, kowane fuska fasali, gashi launi, fata, ido, ƙusa siffar, duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa - duk wadannan lambobin don wani rukuni ko wani mutum gene. Yana da haka ban sha'awa, don su bincika, kuma decipher! Wannan shi ne abin da masana kimiyya da kuma tsunduma.

Kwayoyin halittar jini - daya daga cikin sassan da janar kimiyya - jajirce wajen nazarin tsarin da gene. A cewar 'yan bayanai, ta maras mike tsarin conventionally kunshi biyu jerin: coding da kuma wadanda ba coding, wanda ake kira, bi da bi, da kuma exon nitrone. Wannan samu aka yi bayan nazarin DNA na eukaryotes, cewa ne genome na kwayoyin wanda Kwayoyin dauke da wani tsakiya. A ainihi, cikin jigidar halittar DNA kunsa na nucleotides, wanda encode duk bayanai a jiki. Kuma daga cikin ra'ayi na sunadarai duk wannan gina jiki.

Bugawa binciken da kuma nasarori halittar jini ba impetus magani, kiwo, ilmin halitta, forensics da sauran kimiyyar. Cikakken sanin abin da irin bayanai da wani musamman gene - ne key da magani daga da yawa cututtuka. Za ka iya gano asalin wannan ko wancan mutum ya tabbatar da ko ƙaryatãwa game da dangantakar mutane daban-daban, da kuma yafi. A nan gaba, a lokacin da masana kimiyya za su iya canzawa, kuma gyara gene iya lashe yawa cututtuka, to kawo sabon shuka iri da kuma dabbobi breeds. Ko ba haka ba riya?

A halittar jini, akwai mai ban sha'awa ra'ayi - gene kwarara. Yana nufin bayyanar guda yawan babban adadin kwayoyin halittu muhimmi a cikin sauran
yawan saboda hijirarsa gudana. Wannan shi ne, idan muka yi amfani da wannan kalma ga mutane, a cakuda da biyu jinsi, assimilation.

Auren - mai ban mamaki da kuma ban sha'awa sosai kimiyya, wanda a nan gaba zai iya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma alamar rahama. Yana ba kawai kayyade abin da za a yi, amma kuma zai iya gano abin da shi ne. Tare da taimako, za ka iya tabbatar da ko shanyewa data kasance theories na bayyanuwar mutum.