"Harrier" - VTOL: halaye, shekaru na aiki

Ground hari jirgin saman soja-m "Harrier" - jirgin sama, wanda aka samar a Birtaniya. Ya bambanta da kyau kwarai halaye, da yiwuwar a tsaye takeoff da kuma saukowa da kuma tsarin canje. A farko jirgin a kan wannan na'ura da aka sanya da baya a sha tara ɗari da sixtieth shekara. Domin shekaru masu yawa, aka yi amfani a cikin Amurka da rundunarsu, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom. A jirgin sama ne kullum ana inganta, yana da gyare-gyare.

Series GR-1: description

A gaskiya, "Harrier" - jirgin sama, wanda a karo na farko a cikin jirgin sama tarihi ya iya yin tsaye takeoff da saukowa. A farko samfur dauki ga iska a cikin kaka na shekarar 1960 serial samar fara a shekara bakwai. A farko rundujar soja masu dawaki na Air Force a kasar Birtaniya, kunsha na ashirin-daya naúrar dauke jirgin sama da aka kafa a goma sha tara da sittin da tara shekara.

Babban manufar da jirgin sama na wannan jerin - da goyon bayan da Army. Wannan shi ne saboda da high maneuverability da ikon aiki a daban-daban yanayin yankuna. Height fuska, wanda an fuskantar da naúrar - daga uku zuwa goma sha hudu da dubu kilomita. A yi kayan ana amfani daga aluminum, titanium da magnesium gami. Har ila yau, wasu rabo daga cikin gidaje da kuma gyara sanya na kumshin aka gyara da kuma high ƙarfi karfe.

kayan aiki

Warplane Harrier GR-1 sanye take da wani fuselage tare da biyu daga riveted yi fasahar haɗawar. A hanci kashi ya hada da Matuka jirgin. Its raya iyaka gudanar tare da gangaren baki, abin da hidima don saita wurin ejection wurin zama. Ikon da related aka gyara located a cikin tsakiyar fuselage daki. Front biyu man fetur tank an zubar, kowanne daga abin ruwansa da ɗari da talatin lita na man fetur.

Sama da babban tara yana da wani tanki damar hudu ɗari da saba'in da uku lita. Tsakanin nozzles 177 sa-lita iya aiki, da kuma karkashin decompression ɓangare na reshe - a 785 lita. Akwai yiwuwar shigarwa na ƙarin tankuna, tabbatar da rashin dogon flights ba tare da MOTA KE SHAN MAI.

Features

An fito da jirgin sama ne daya daga cikin rare na'urorin sarrafa a cikin Air Force Amurka. A Marine kungiyar soja yana amfani da shi a matsayin wani murfin kuma wani hadin gwiwa hari a kan tsammani hari. A jirgin saman soja a tsakiyar sashe na fuselage sanye take da wani hanci saukowa kaya. Front kashi ne kayyade ta biyu daga na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa cylinders, samar da wani nuna a arba'in da biyar digiri. A lura da naúrar aka located a raya sashe na fuselage.

Whole rotatable wutsiya filafilin kifi da aka tsara a matsayin misali a kwance tsarin. Fata na da saƙar zuma, kara a jirgin gyara wani kwana sittin da shida digiri. Aircraft reshe da fuselage na a ci gaba da irin da ake gyarawa a shida wurare. Bugu da kari, kowane reshe yana da maki hudu, tsara don shigarwa na pylons domin fama da makamai ko ƙarin man fetur tankuna.

Engine da related raka'a

Amurka soja jet jirgin saman soja a karkashin sunan "Harrier GR-1" suna sanye take da wani jet injin turbin powertrain Rolls Roys Bristol. An a haɗe a maki hudu da Frames na tsakiyar ɓangare na fuselage. Juyawa bututun ƙarfe aka ɗauke da wani pneumatic mota. Change birki da kuma dauki-kashe dirka vector index - ne da ikon canja da wuri a cikin jirgin ba fiye da tasa'in digiri.

Aircraft gyara a sarari shi ne kamar haka:

• aiki hudu compressors, aggregating bututu tare da hanci, kuma mai wutsiya rabo.
• uku nozzles da suke a baya katako ake sarrafawa da kuma tonnage.
• biyu daga shaye aka gyara domin iko da tashar.

jet da harbe-harben tsarin da aka kunna a lokacin tsaye takeoff da kuma saukowa a jirgin sama yanayin at low gudu (motor drive yanayin bututun ƙarfe ashirin da digiri ko fiye).

halaye na

"Harrier" - fama kayayyaki jirgin sama a farko jerin yana da wadannan sigogi:

• Shekara na yi - 1969;
• lilo / reshe yanki - 7700/1868 mita.
• tsawon / tsawo - 13,87, 3,43 mita.
• nauyi - biyar da rabi ton.
• iyakance takeoff nauyi - 11 34 m.
• engine - Pegasus Mk-101 tare da wata dirka 8160 kg / s.
• gudun Manuniya (cruising / iyakar darajar) - 1185/1360 kilomita awa.
• jirgin rayuwa ba tare da MOTA KE SHAN MAI - 3700 km.
• fama radius - daya dubu da ɗari biyu kilomita.
• ƙungiya - daya matukin jirgi.
• load a yaƙi (max) - 2270.

Harrier jirgin saman soja-m dakatar yana da biyar nodes, wanda aka located a misali makamai. Wannan ya hada da:

• tridtsatimillimetrovaya gun "Aden".
• biyu shiryar da makamai masu linzami AIM-9D.
• kama da makamai masu linzami na "iska-ƙasar".
• tari da bama-bamai, incendiary analogues, 450-kilogram bam;
• wasu harsasai, m da ya ce na'urorin

Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin sama zai iya zama sanye take da launchers Type, Nur makamai irin ko block tare da m tsarin.

Harrier GR-3: wani bayyani

Fighter Multi-manufa daban-daban daga da wanda ya riga inganta engine. Ya Take-kashe dirka ne a cikin 9753 kg. A fuselage ya kasance kusan canzawa. Fuel amfani ga dukkan azuzuwan jirgin sama dauke da quite manyan, wanda shi ne hankula ga irin wannan na'urorin da a tsaye takeoff.

A yau da kullum da kayan aiki na na'ura hada da wani mai amsawa tsarin na MOTA KE SHAN MAI a cikin iska, wani Laser rangefinder irin frontal masu auna sigina. By jirgin saman soja siffofin hada da wadannan:

• a sabis - wani biyu daga talatin da millimeter igwa "Aden", located a karkashin fuselage.
• da ikon kafa amsawa harsasai "Matra".
• sighting da haše-haše Ferranti ".
• rediyo kayan aiki da liyafar da daban-daban tãguwar ruwa.

A Amurka Marine Corps Mans dauke jirgin sama tare da goma sha tara da ɗari da saba'in da shekaru. Bugu da kari, wannan na'urar sun ƙware da Air rundujar soja masu dawaki Birtaniya da kuma Jamus. A jerin samar da mota ya ciyar a game da biyu da suka gabata.

GR-3 cika halaye na jirgin sama

Ka yi la'akari da dabara da kuma fasaha sigogi na kai farmaki jirgin saman soja:

• Shekara na al'amurra - 1970;
• tsawo / tsawon - 3 45 / 13.87 m.
• Wing (kewayon / square) - 7.7 m / 18,68 sq. m.
• kai-kashe nauyi zuwa iyakar - goma sha daya da rabi ton.
• fama load - 2300/3600 kg.
• ciki man fetur (taro) - 2,29 tons.

Warplane "Harrier GR-3" shi ne iya a tarwatsa kan daya dubu uku da ɗari kilomita awa, a m jirgin nesa 3425 km. The ƙungiya har yanzu kunshi daya pilot, da yiwuwar soja shan kashi na biyar ɗari da ashirin kilomita.

Series GR-5

A sha tara da tamanin da tara ta Sojan Sama mayakan aka bayansa "Harrier" biyar version. Babban bambancin daga baya gyara ya ƙara yawan makaman kaya da iyaka. A jirgin sama da aka tsara don bincike da iska da kuma kai tsaye taimako ga ƙasa sojojin. Tsaye takeoff da kuma saukowa ya zauna canzawa, kamar yadda sauran tsarin da inji.

The inji shi ne mai monoplane cantilever irin, wanda aka sanye take da fuka-fuki tare da m jeri, da keke shasi odnokilevym wutsiya trimmings. A lokacin da samar da wannan model muna rayayye amfani kumshin kayan. Wing, da yarwa irin yana da wani thickened da kuma barga to m lodi profile. Karuwan wingspan da kuma ta yankin. Wadannan abubuwa suna aggregated da drooping ailerons ake deflected matsayi daidai da nozzles.

tsarin canje-canje

Amurka da Burtaniya mayakan cikin wannan jerin suna da inganta tsarin da reshe, wanda qara frontal iska juriya da kuma rage matsakaicin gudun da jirgin sama. Duk da haka, wannan hasara da aka cika ta canza abubuwa dangantaka da fuselage da tsari na iska intakes.

Main m sassa sanya na graphite, epoxy, aluminum gami. Kariya a karkashin fuselage da jirgin sama a gaban Gilashin motan ne titanium tushe. Tsakanin saukowa kaya hawa sarari ga wani musamman akwatin wanda ya ƙunshi hanyar mayar da giciye panel, tsayayyen tsaye ridges. Yana hidima a matsayin reflector shaye a takeoff. Wannan bayani ya yarda da kara yawan daga karfi da kusan rabin ton. Matuka jirgin Hawker Siddeley Harrier da aka tsara don guda pilot, shi yana da kwandishan, high-saka kujeru da kuma panoramic floodlight.

The man fetur da kuma mota tsarin

A gyara daga cikin injin turbin sanye take da wani jet ikon naúrar, wanda yana da zabin su canza shugabanci na gogayya vector. A tsaye dirka a kan a kalla 9870 kg / s. Ayyuka chetyrehsekundny chopper engine aiki a cikin hali na tsaye saukowa a wani dagagge zafin jiki. The jirgin oxygen tsarin, jirgin iko taro da sealing ake aggregated da kwampreso aiki a kan matsa iska.

Amurka da Burtaniya mayakan alama "Harrier" da man fetur ya kwarara wanda shi ne ba yawa daban-daban daga da wanda ya riga. By kara da damar da tankuna, da tankuna iya rike har zuwa hudu dubu lita kowane. Har ila yau, a kan wannan model shi na samar da ƙarin tsaro man fetur a cikin iska da kuma yiwuwar shigarwa na ƙarin tankuna dakatar da irin.

The fasaha gefen jirgin sama GR-5

Fighter tare da biyu daga ventral bindigogi "Aden" dvadtsatipyatimillimetrovogo zamo (ammonium hada da ɗari biyu da zargin). Sauran makamai located a kan da dama dakatar da maki. A Kit iya hada bama-bamai da kuma makamai masu linzami iri-iri.

Features:

• Commissioning - goma sha tara da tamanin da bakwai ta.
• sigogi reshe - range (9.25 m) / yanki (21.37 sq.).
• tsawon / tsawo - 14.1 / 3.5 m.
• fama kaya zuwa iyakar - hudu ton.
• nauyi na komai jirgin sama - 6,25 ton.
• fama radius - biyar da ɗari mita.
• gudun iyaka - 1150 kilomita awa.
• kewayon m - 3825 km.

Trainer jirgin sama na wannan alama da irin wannan halaye, fãce ga cikakken fama kit.

Gyara na GR-7

"Harrier-2" a karkashin alama ce GR-7 ne ya fi kowa model, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin dakarun na Birtaniya. The inji ne kerarre tare Birtaniya da kuma kamfanonin Amirka.

Fasaha sigogi na jirgin sama:

• tsawon / tsawo - 14.53 / 3.55 m.
• lilo / Wing Area - 9,25 m / 21,37 sq. m.
• injuna - Rolls Royce--Pegasus Mk-105;
• matsakaicin nauyi a takeoff - goma da rabi ton.
• m motsi - 15 kilomita kuma kwata.
• The ƙungiya - wani matukin jirgi.
• fama da kewayon - 2.7 km.
• samar da man fetur - kusan dubu tara lita.

Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama na biyu na "Aden" dauke da makamai da bindigogi, tara hardpoints domin ƙarin ammonium kuma launchers domin shiryar da makamai masu linzami.

"Harrier GR-9"

Wannan canji ya samu biyu manyan bambance-bambance daga da magabata. Ingantaccen shirin na hadaddun da makamai, wanda aka tsara don amfani da fadi da kewayon high-daidaici makaman daban-daban zamo. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani mai iko engine na wannan Rolls Royce-karkashin Mk-107 lambar.

"Harrier" - jirgin sama, wanda a karshe gyara da aka gina tare da sabuwar makamai da kuma tsarin da kariya na tsaro, sanye take da wani musamman m gaban da tsarin a kan kimantawa na saukowa yanki gargadi. A farko jirgin a kan inji a tambaya da aka za'ayi a dubu biyu na farko shekara. Akwai biyu cin inji sanye take da ba irin wannan iko engine tare da IWP tsarin.

Halaye GR-9

Wannan jirgin sama yana da wadannan sigogi:

• tsawon / tsawo - 14.3 / 5.5 m.
• wingspan - tara mita.
• reshe yanki - ashirin-daya murabba'in mita.
• jirgin saman soja nauyi (max) - goma sha huɗu ton.
• gogayya - 10,75 m.
• gudun iyaka a iyakar tsawo - 1.198 km / h.
• fama da kewayon - dubu biyu da ɗari bakwai kilomita.

A jirgin sama yana mai misali ga wannan aji na makamai da kuma bama-bamai tare da na gani shiriya da m gidaje kamar PU Nur.

a ƙarshe

"Mafi jiragen yakin duniya" farmaki jirgin saman soja "Harrier" rightfully nasa ne da category. Yana yana a tsaye takeoff da saukowa, yana da babban gefe kai tsaye jirgin, kuma yana da kyau kwarai da sabis. Idan ka kwatanta shi da m analogue na "Yak-38". Yana iya a lura cewa Birtaniya kwatankwacin m kishiya a mutunta mutane da yawa. Idan muka yi la'akari da farko jerin inji, a wasu fannoni na "Yak" jimiri da kalmomin sirri. Inganta version na Birtaniya jirgin sama da kusan babu gasar a tsakanin daidaitãwa a kan irin jirgin sama.

A ni'imar dauke jirgin sama kara nuna sha'awa cikin da shi da mafi m iska sojojin a kasashe irin su Jamus, da United Kingdom da kuma Amurka. Versatility, AMINCI, kyau wurare da kuma babban gudun - kayyade nasarar dalilai jirgin saman soja "Harrier".