Gõde - menene wannan? Ma'ana phraseologism "raira yabbai"

Wani lokaci mun ji mutane magana game da mutumin da yake immoderate gõde wani: "Na'am wannan shi ne mai ɗamfarar gõde!" Wannan magana ne quite na kowa, amma da yawa san cewa shi da ya zo mana daga Girkanci harshe? Kuma da zarar shi da wani sosai daban-daban ma'anar fiye da shi ne a yanzu, kuma aka yi amfani da ba a wani m ji. Bari mu samu matsahi na saba da tarihin wannan kari da kuma yadda shi ya canza a kan lokaci fahimtar.

Abin da ya aikata "eulogy" a Girkanci?

Long da suka wuce, wannan kalma na nufin wani bombastic ƙungiyar mawaƙa yabo songs, kuma ko da raye-raye da yi a cikin girmamawa ga tsoho bautãwa na ruwan inabi, Dionysus. Tun da wadannan bukukuwa a lokacin da innabi girbi aka sadaukar domin yanayi da ta haihuwa, su aka tare da abin da ake kira orgies - raspivaniem ruwan inabi, suna biki har ma, kamar yadda wasu marubuta jayayya, promiscuous jima'i mahalarta. Amma ya da shi don haka a zahiri, shi ba a sani. Mun dai san cewa Raya Makon na alfarma hauka na Dionysus samu a lokacin da raye-raye da, da kuma mutane singing a wannan waka, wanda aka sadaukar domin shi.

A kadan tarihi

An yi imani da cewa da farko gõde - a choral waka tsibirin Delos. Duk da haka, da yawa poetic sassa, wanda sun kai mu, sũ ne waɗanda na Athenians. Yana da har zuwa su tafi da kalmar "raira waƙa da gõde". A darajar wannan magana a Athens ya sosai sauki. Game da hamsin maza da yara, ya ɓadda a matsayin satyrs, ya tsaya a wani da'irar da kuma rera waka waka na Dionysus karkashin goyon bayan sana'a wasan kwaikwayo ƙungiyar mawaƙa, da kuma wani lokacin wasu kida. Kowane mawaka jagorancin da ake kira "luminary". Daga baya, a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, har ma da sharudda cewa an ci gaba, abin da mai eulogy matsayin m salo. Da farko, da rubutu na choral songs dole ne na musamman launi, zama antistroficheskim. Ya kamata a tare da aulos masu raka, kuma ko da a kan Phrygian style. Bugu da kari, shi na bukatar musamman, sosai kauri da kuma pompous style. Tsakanin Choirs, yin tasbĩhi game da gõde wa tsoho bikin kamar Dionysus da Lenayya.

Music kuma wallafe-wallafen

Saboda haka, mafi tsoho waka cewa ana haka ya kira, sun rare. Amma daga baya sun samu mutum hali. A farkon eulogy aka fili halitta da mawãƙi Archilochus a daraja na "Ubangijin Dionysus", kamar yadda evidenced da rubutu na VII karni BC. Duk da haka, Herodotus halaye da dabino wasu Arion na Lesbos. Saboda haka gõde - shi ne na musamman irin Greek music kuma adabi, kusa da abin da ake nufi da waka da eulogy. Amma kalmar yana da sauran ma'ana. Ƙarni biyu bayan da mawãƙi Arion Vakhilida ko kawo Genre da ban mamaki tattaunawa, da executable karkashin choral tsarkakewa. Ya zama shahararren pathos layuka da aka sani mawãƙi Pindarus. A mafi tartsatsi Genre dithyramb ya a cikin na biyar karni BC. Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin kasida da ake kira "sabon music." The best-sani wakilan wannan Trend sun Timoti na Militas, kuma Melanippid Filokset da Keeter tsibirin. A wani shekara ɗari da Genre ya fara samun koma baya, sa'an nan gaba daya rasa da shahararsa, ko da yake gasar tsakanin ƙananan waƙoƙi, sung hi, ya tafi zuwa ga ci na kasar Girka ta Roma.

Abin da masana falsafa ce?

Duk da yake da kalmar ya rare a tsufa, ta asalin ba Greek. Gõde - cewa, a fili, shi ne daya daga cikin epithets na zamanin d bautãwa na ruwan inabi. Hadishi Plato a cikin tattaunawa "Hakoki" tattauna daban-daban dabi'u na m nau'o'i. Akwai, sai ya ce kamar haka: "Ina ganin shi ne ake kira da haihuwa na Dionysus dithyramb." Kuma a cikin sanannen "Jamhuriyar", wanda nasa ne karni na hudu BC, Plato ba wani fassarar da kalmar "eulogy." Wannan lokaci ne a shayari ya fahimci matsayin m Hanyar hakkin mallaka shayari magana iyaka bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya. Plutarch yayi magana game da gõde, kamar yadda wani tashin hankali magana, yi da babbar sha'awa. Ya bambanta waka da aka rubuta a cikin wannan salon, more annashuwa da jitu yabo na Apollo. Aristotle ya yi imanin cewa wannan shi ne kafuwar kuma tushen da Girkanci bala'i. Mun riga ake magana a kai da mu don haka Vahilida don haka ya kira tattaunawa tsakanin singer da kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa a cikin bala'i. Sai ƙungiyar mawaƙa da aka maye gurbinsu da wani actor.

The New Tarihi

Turai kokarin komawa zuwa gõde da Renaissance. To, akwai mutane da dama laudatory odes ga shugabannin Katolika da kuma wadanda mutane 'yan siyasa. Amma a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, a wannan poetic Genre duba da kafofin kuma Abin mamaki. Musamman rare ne da gõde a Baroque zamanin, lokacin da marubuta kokarin rayar da tsoho festival. Rabo mai girma na wannan m-poetic Genre ya sami a Italiya da kuma musamman a Jamus, inda suke kamu da mawãƙa "Sturm und Drang", kamar Franz Schiller. Schubert mawaki kuma ya rubuta wani song a kan izuwa rubutu na wannan style. Kuma Fridrih Nitsshe ko da kokarin haifar da wani abu kama da asali "Bacchus 'hi, ko da yake tare da wani satirical sautin.

A zamani ma'anar phraseologism

The asali ma'anar kalmar ne har yanzu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci aiwatuwa wasu zamani masu kida kamar misali Igor Stravinsky. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, wadannan kalmomi sun samu wani pronounced gabar m: "Watakila ni da har yanzu ya yabi ku raira waƙa?" Kari wannan ya zo da nufin wuce kima da kuma tsoma bakin yabo, slaver. A wata hanya, wannan shi ne m, saboda wannan wallafe-wallafen-m Genre yi nufi ga ecstatic yabo na alloli. Kuma idan, tare da haske hannun Renaissance, fara yin amfani da su yabe da 'yan siyasa da kuma duk waɗanda suke a cikin ikon, shi ne mai sauki a yi wani abu mara dadi, izuwa kuma sanã'antawa. Bayan duk, ko da a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki shi ne ya bayyana cewa daya kamata ba ga Allah, kuma "Kaisar" - more. Kuma a lokacin da 'yan siyasa, da taurari da kuma daban-daban beau Monde raira yabbai dogaro samaniya halittu, ba cewa da yawa m? Kuma watakila ma kafirci ne. Saboda haka, mafi yawan mutane ba su sani ba game da gõde ko raina su kamar yadda blatant flattery. The fiye da haka, saboda shi ne yawanci amfani domin daukaka kara zuwa dama mutum da kuma samun rabonsu daga cikin amfanin.