An ɓangare daga cikin art na birane shiryawa, ko "daskararre music", sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin gine ne da wani gine-gine da oda. Maganar zo daga Latin magana "da ordo", wanda yake nufin "domin, domin." Yana da umarnin, kammalã, dangane da m lissafin da kuma dokoki na post-da-katako tsarin.
Ana zargin da Tuscan domin a matsayin gine-gine fom
Tun daga zamanin d ¯ Rum wayewar wa yau, akwai biyar gine-gine da umarni. Akwai daga baya ƙoƙarin haifar da Faransa da kuma Amirka umarni, amma ba su sarrafa su zama daidai da classic quintet, wanda mambobin bambanta da juna a cikin size da kuma rabbai, ta m abubuwa, da wuri na asali. Tare da Hellas wanzu tsoho Etruria (zamani Tuscany). Saboda haka sunan - Tuscan domin, amma wani lokacin shi ake kuma kira Etruscan. An yi imani da cewa zamanin tsohuwar Girka ya ba da duniya uku gine-gine iri daban-daban - Doric, ionic da Corinthian, kuma daga baya akwai biyu mafi - Tuscan, ko sauki, kuma hadaddun, wanda ya bayyana a zamanin d Roma. Sauran masu bincike kamar su Roman m da makaniki Vitruvii da'awar Tuscan dõmin ne dadadde, ko tsaoho, samar da Doric shafi irin. A cikin wani hali, da dangantaka da aka ce wasu kama da kayayyaki da kuma shimfidu na Ibada, biyu ne barga. The sosai biyu sunan - "sauki" - ya ce cewa mai tushe Tuscan tsaye a waje daga duk da sauki, kullum da kuma aminci.
A rabbai kuma domin dangantaka
Mene ne domin a general? Wannan gine-gine da tsarin, wanda shi ne wani hadadden kunshi wani pedestal, ginshikan, tsarin sassa da entablature - ɗauke da kashi. Domin duk biyar umarni halayyar wannan shiri, a kowanne daga abin da duk sassan ne daga jinsin tare da juna. Bugu da kari, akwai wani rabo tsakanin cike da kuma part-time umarni, a cikin abin da total tsawo daga cikin gine-gine da tsarin kunshi 19 gine-gine calving a farko idan kuma biyar - a karo na biyu. Suna rarraba kamar haka:
- da pedestal rabo 4 samun jimlar tsawon;
- samun kirtani 12 sassa.
- entablature, bi da bi, sassa uku.
Game da bai cika bambance-bambancen rasa wani pedestal, da rarraba ne kamar hudu da daya rabo. Ban sha'awa da kuma gyara daga cikin entablature, wanda ya hada da sassa uku: architrave, frieze da cornice. Tuscan tushe bambanta daga 'yan'uwanmu da cewa a cikin sama da goyon bayan tsarin ba frieze, na tsakiya recessed rabo.
Features na yi
A fili m sauki daga cikin full version number ne m. Wannan gine-gine nau'i daga tushe har zuwa cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi yana da wani 32 sassa. Irin wannan takamaiman Concepts kamar yadda entasis ko necking module, a tebur, ana amfani da yin lissafi Tuscan domin, da gina wanda yake wajaba a cikin aikin "A Architecture" Vitruvius da aka ambata a sama. Kuma da lissafi, kuma ya bambanta a cikin zumunta sauki da gine, saboda duk yawa amfani da wannan manufa, a mahara juna. Saboda haka, a koyaushe ne da radius daga tushe na shafi, kuma yana da tsawo (y Tuscan domin) 7 diameters, kowanne daga abin da ya ƙunshi 24 desks. 1/3 da tsawo na da cylindrical shafi jiki daukan wani conical form. Wannan ake kira entasis.
The darajar umarni a zamanin d gine na baya sau
All Greek kuma Roman umarni aka yi amfani da ko'ina a zamanin d gine. Sun samu kashe da facades na haikalin da kuma gwamnatin gine-gine, tare da su taimako da aka gina rotunda da kuma bude galleries. A gaskiya, kawai gare shi da kuma zai iya yin hukunci game da gine-gine da kuma na ado zane-zane na tsufa. Sa'an nan, domin da yawa sau da sha'awa cikin su an rasa, da kuma sake fara bayyana a cikin XV karni, a lokacin da Renaissance. Kada ka zauna sha'aninsu dabam to wadannan gine-gine da siffofin Baroque da classicism. A takaice, da sha'awa cikin su fara Fade har ƙarshen XIX karni. Tuscan domin a cikin gine na Rasha Empire shagaltar da wani shahararren wuri. Mutane da yawa Orthodox majami'u sun ƙãre ginshikan. A shahararren wakilin Empire a Rasha ya Carlo Rossi. Kuma a titi sunansa a St. Petersburg, a kan facades wasu gine-gine a Moscow, Sevastopol (The Count ta kwata) akwai gine-gine da abubuwa na zamanin d Girka da Roma. Su ne, da hadisi, alamar da girman ruhu da kuma soja daukakar al'umma.