"Smart": dangantawa, inuwõyinta suna kusa, ma'anar, da yin amfani da ikon yinsa, daga cikin kalmomi

A richness da expressiveness na kowane harshe suna m ba kawai da yawan kalmomi a cikin abun da ke ciki, amma kuma yankunan da amfani, da dama na ginin jumla, associative damar, kazalika hanyar samuwar sabuwar Alamu kan data kasance mãsu girmansu. Synonymous da antonymous sadarwar da yayi sabon abu shubuha kuma taimakawa wajen ci gaban harshe. Saboda da sararin yiwuwa, Rasha harshen ne mai rai, motsi sabon abu m ga dukkan matakai faruwa a cikin al'umma da kuma nuna su. Saboda haka gaskiya dauke da cewa rayuwa na mutanen da aka nuna a farkon wuri, a kansa harshen.

Abin da ake nufi da zama "mai kaifin"?

Daya daga cikin muhimman matsalolin da lexicology - musamman da suka bambanta da shubuha. Masana harshe sun gano cewa kowace kalma na iya zama ɗaya ko fiye na ginin jumla dabi'u, babban abin da ake bayyana a cikin kamus. Bayyana da connotations taimaka kunsa yanayi synonymous darajõji. Dauki, misali, kalmar nan "mai kaifin". Dangantawa cikinta aka zaba "a kan tafi" - Masani. Duk da haka, shi ba ya gani dukan kewayon dabi'u, kuma ta karamin sashi. A gaskiya ma, cikin kalma jam'iyya ne fiye da.

Tale game da Sarki

A sanannen marubuci Hans Kirista Andersen hikaya akwai ostrosatiricheskoy jawabi ba sosai ga yara kamar yadda ya manya - game da wani sarki, wanda ya bayyana a gaban mutane a cikin tsirara. Mayaudara Teloli ya gaya masa cewa poshyut ban mamaki kaya na wannan al'amari, wanda za a iya ganin kawai wani mai hankali (synonymous a cikin wannan harka - yana da nasa wuri) mutane. Babu Agusta mutum ba, kuma ba majalisarsa ba ya so ya yarda da cewa ba su gani da kirtani a hannun barayi. Bayan duk, ba wanda yake so ya wuce ga wani wawa, yana zaune a kan wani kujera ko kursiyin ministan. Shi ne kawai wani yaro, rai da hankali wanda kasance mafi m da kuma maras wata-wata, ba ji tsoron kukan cewa Sarkin - tsirara! Wannan misali na nuna wani inuwa ma'anar kalmar "smart", wanda yake shi ne dangantawa - "gaskiya, da mãsu gaskiya, adalci, gaskiya."

etymological data

Ka yi kokarin tabbatar da yadda da alama zo a cikin mu magana. Bisa ga kamus Vasmer, shi zo daga Slavonic nau'i na "Um." Shi ne saboda tushe harshen, ga kowa da kowa Slavic mutane, kuma akwai tsohon Rasha kalmar "Um", Old Slavonic bambance-bambancen, sa'an nan Rasha, Ukrainian, Belarushiyanci, da dai sauransu Da kalmomin da "smart" da kuma fadan da Latin tushen - «aumuõ», cewa shi ne, da hankalina, da kuma «aumenis» - «memory», kazalika da quite a fitowa dangane da ta Old Slavonic asalinsu.

Digression a kamus

Yanzu la'akari da yadda wani alama da aka bi a cikin kamus. Wannan zai taimaka ware tabarau na ma'ana da kuma zai yiwu zaɓuɓɓuka saboda ta amfani da magana, adabi, da dai sauransu

• Bari mu fara da ƙamus, edited by Ifraimu. A da shi daga fassarar da kalmar ba a kan tushen da ta bangare na jawabin kayayyaki. Alal misali, idan muka yi la'akari da sunan "mai kaifin", ma'anarta shi ne kamar haka :. "Wanda yana da wata hujja hankali, fasaha, da kyau ' Idan matsayin siffa, shi ne dangantaka da jerin suna "na fasaha - wani mutum / dabara, kowace dabba." Wannan shi ne kai tsaye darajar. Amma akwai kuma šaukuwa. A cewar shi, fadan da "smart" - gwani (kere hannayensu), masu tunani (smart inji kwamfuta), haukata masanin kimiyya.
• Collegiate Collegiate Dictionary - a shi da kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin "da ciwon da wit, kowa hankali, masu basira." Ga misali: "Tema, zama mai kaifin, ba narkar!"
• The kamus Kuznetsova bambanta darajar da alama, dangane da wanda bãbu wani jawabin - game da mutum ko dabba. A cikin farko case, fassarar wannan "wayo - wani da ya kowa hankali," na biyu - "smart, fasaha." Alal misali, a "mai kaifin yarinya", "wayo cat." Wannan na farko darajar ne m. Secondary guda wanda aka samu yayi dace da bayani na "mai kaifin - haife hankali, cikin kudi na shari'a, da ilimi." Misalai: "na fasaha fim - m. mai kaifin abu - m. "
• Daya daga cikin mafi daraja da muhimman hakkokin rabe-wallafe - Dictionary Ozhegova da Shvedova. A fassarar kalmomin a cikin shi "mai kaifin" kusa da fassarar Kuznetsova. Wato, da farko :. "Smart - da ciwon zuciya ko nuna masa" Alal misali, a "mai kaifin bayyanar, wani mutum, mai jagoranci." A wani zaurance shi zai iya zama "mai kaifin takarda", "na fasaha magana". Secondary ma'anar: "wani m halitta hankali" - "wayo yi."

Nau'i-nau'i daga ma'ana da saɓanin ma'ana

A bincike na lexical ma'anar kalmar mu kasance sha'awar zai zama bai cika ba tare da shan la'akari da links synonymous da saɓanin ma'ana yayi. Don gano su, da zarar sake mu roko ga kamus. Mene ne dangantawa da kalmar "smart" Yanã shiryar da bayar? Wannan "na fasaha," "wawa," "m," "m," "na fasaha," "na fasaha," "smyshlony", "tunanin" conversational "brainy", "brainy", "brainy". Dukan su raba na kowa SEMA "halartowar zuciya". Saboda haka, Griboyedov a comedy "Bone ya tabbata daga wit" FAMUSOV yayi magana akan Chatsky cewa ya "kananan shugaban / Kuma mai daraja ya rubuta cewa, ya fassara." Wani karin misali synonymization - kari "kai a kan kafadu." Upotreblonny a zaurance (hankula salon maganarsu), shi aiwatar da wannan ma'anar: "Man ba zai bace a cikin wannan rayuwar, idan ya na da wani shugaban a kan kafadu. Daga wani matsayi jimloli zai sami wani burodi da kuma ko da yaushe za su samar. " Amma saɓanin ma'ana, sa'an nan su ne bayyananne: "wawa," "wawa," "m," "unready", "wawa", "headless".