"Gentlemen cadets wanda kuka kasance jiya ...", ko Mene ne wani ɗan jam'iyyar kadet

A shekarar 1976, a kan Soviet fuska fitar da fim "A cikin haske." Duk da gagarumar ƙungiyar taurari na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya taka leda a cikinsa, musamman kallo soyayya, bai cancanci da shi, da cewa bai hana shi zama mashahuri. Yana da aka ciyar da romance na Junker da kalmomi na Bulat Okudzhava, wanda ya yi a cikin fim babban harafin (buga ta Tatiana Doronin). Idan ƙarni na 70s har yanzu tuna abin da wani ɗan jam'iyyar kadet, sa'an nan mai yawa na mutane a yau da kalmar ne ba a sani ba. To, wãne ne a cikin Rasha Empire aka kira cadets?

Wane ne Junker

Cadets a Rasha sojojin kafin juyin juya halin na 1917 da aka kira da soja, iƙirarin a farko jami'in rank. An fara daga 1859 na farko suna da cadets da aka soke a cikin sojojin.

Tun daga nan, wannan ya zama wani yanka ta atomatik sanya kawai don ƴan na soja makarantu a pre-neman sauyi Rasha.

Asalin kalmar

Kamar da yawa soja da darajõji a cikin pre-neman sauyi Rasha, ya kasance na Jamus asalin, da kalmar "yar jam'iyyar kadet". Ma'ana, fassarar da kalmar yana da wani ban sha'awa tarihi. A mafi kasashen Turai, da yawa zuriya daga matalauta daraja iyalai su yi rai, ya zabi wani soja. A Jamus, wadannan sojoji sun yi kira matasa Gentlemen (wani allusion zuwa asalin) - Junger Herr. A tsawon lokaci, daga wannan magana shi ne sunan da daraja, da kuma daga baya ya dauka a kan ta Rasha.

Junker a daban-daban soja rassan

Rank cadets amfani ba kawai a cikin dakaru, amma kuma sauran soja rassan.

A manyan bindigogi sojojin wanzu daraja bayoneti-cadets. Shi ne a kan wani par Guard saja, kuma ya ba wani jami'in rank. Ina mamaki da abin da shi ne don haka sabon abu ga manyan bindigogi kalmar "bayoneti" a farkon na take aka gada daga cikin sunan Swedish soja daraja Styckjunkar (yar jam'iyyar kadet igwa).

The haske sojan doki har tsakiyar XIX karni shi ne na kowa suna fanen-Junker. Yana da wani tsaka-tsaki daraja tsakanin NCO da shugabancin. Da farko, wannan lakabi aka bayar ga masu nema ga jami'in daraja da suka kammala wani fasaha makaranta ko makarantar sakandare, amma ba su da musamman soja horo. Duk da haka, daga baya fanen-Junker ya zama lakabi na cadets na soja makarantu ko makarantu da corresponded Ensigns.

A nauyi sojan doki wanzu suna estandart-Junker. Wannan lakabi da aka musamman gabatar ga soja nobility na asalin don inganta su matsayi na sauki warriors. Wannan ya daraja na wucin gadi yanayi, kullum daraja saka shi yayin da ya aka neman jami'in matsayin m zuwa ta asalin da kuma ilimi. Servicemen ba daga daraja asalin ma zai iya tãrãwa wannan daraja, duk da haka, domin wannan suna bukatar zama 10-12 shekaru na sabis, rank na ba-izini jami'in da kuma wuce bukata jarrabawa. Tare da yarjejeniyoyin da daraja na ɗan jam'iyyar kadet a cikin sojojin daraja-estandart yar jam'iyyar kadet iya samun dalibai sojan doki makaranta tare da daraja na NCO. Kuma tun 1880, duka digiri na wadannan makarantu sun kasance a cikin sahu-estandart cadets har da jami'in rank.

A Navy daraja na ɗan jam'iyyar kadet bayyana ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Sa shi iya kawai agaji, tare da mafi girma ilimi, wanda yana da hakkin ya sami daraja na shugabancin. Af, sanannun godiya ga m talabijin jerin daraja na midshipman aka dauke fi wani sojan ruwa yar jam'iyyar kadet.

Mene ne wani ɗan jam'iyyar kadet a Jamus sojojin

da kalmar "yar jam'iyyar kadet" a farkon karni na XIX Prussia daya daga cikin nobility sunayen sarauta. Tabbatar da dalilin da wannan kalma a matsayin soja daraja tashi daga baya.

Bayan rasa a yakin duniya na farko a Jamus sojojin, wasu canje-canje sun faru. A musamman, da lakabi na ɗan jam'iyyar kadet fanen-ya zama wani ɓangare na talakawa tsarin, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya quite na kowa. Yana iya sa kowa ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni shida da kuma wucewa da dacewa Nazarin.

Amma a cikin kwanaki na Wehrmacht daraja fanen-yar jam'iyyar kadet sake shi ya zama prerogative na sana'a soja.

Af, da SS wani na kowa take na ɗan jam'iyyar kadet. Kamar yadda a Rasha sojojin, shi da aka bai wa masu nema a farko jami'in daraja.

Bayan yakin duniya na II da take fanen-Junker ya ravnochinnym ba izini jami'in, duk da haka, yana da wani yawan abũbuwan amfãni a kan su. Chin fanen-yar jam'iyyar kadet aka sanya dalibai na Jamus soja makarantu a dalibi kuma junior saja corresponded tsakanin Rasha cadets na soja makarantu.

Rank Junker yau

Gane da wanda yake mai ɗan jam'iyyar kadet a Rasha da kuma Jamus sojojin, ya kamata ka san inda zan ajiye muƙamin a yau. A Yaren mutanen Sweden Armed Forces har yanzu suna a cikin shakka daga cikin ciyar fanen-cadets. Har seventies na XX karni wannan lakabi aka gabãta fervalteru, sa'an nan har shekaru goma ba da shi shi ne mafi girma a cikin ta category, wucewa da saja.

An fara daga '80s da har 2009, duk ƙasar iri Yaren mutanen Sweden sojojin da cewa ofishin da aka soke, amma ya ci gaba da zama a cikin rundunar motoci da kuma jiragen sama. Kuma tun daga shekarar 2009, da take bayyana sake a cikin rundunar sojojin Swedes.

Bayan aikatã game da waɗanda ke da wata junker da kuma abin da su ne bambancin da sunan, za ka iya cikakken fahimta da ma'anar da romance Bulat Okudzhava, musamman da kalmomi: "Gentlemen cadets wanda kuka kasance jiya, da yau duk na ku - da sanda." Sun nuna cewa har kwanan nan sun m boys cadets, ɗan jam'iyyar kadet, kuma a yanzu su gaggawa yi wa jami'an da kuma aika zuwa yaki.