Gasparov Mihail Leonovich: biography, littattafan

Academician Gasparov Mihail Leonovich, a sanannun wallafe-wallafen zargi, stihoved, philologist, tarihi na zamanin d adabi, ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga ka'idar da Rasha da kuma Turai shayari. Ya kimiyya aikin da aka mai real epoch a Rasha wallafe-wallafen zargi. Fassarori na zamanin d adabi M. L. Gasparova kuma a yau suna daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin gida yi.

yara

Haife Gasparov Mihail Leonovich Afrilu 13, 1935 a birnin Moscow a wani iyali na masana. Uwarsa, Elena Aleksandrovna Nyurenberg, nee Budilova, aiki a cikin mujallar "Samun ikon fassara Mafarki" edita, daga baya ta kare ta doctoral taƙaitaccen labari a tunani da kuma aiki a Cibiyar Psychology Academy of Sciences Pedagogical da Tarayyar Soviet. Ta yi aure zuwa wani hakar ma'adinai m Leo Arsenevichem Gasparovym, a 'yan qasar na Nagorno-Karabakh. Lokacin da Michael ne ƙwarai, matasa, suka saki. Amma hakikanin mahaifin macen ta kasance wani abokin aiki a mujallar "Samun ikon fassara Mafarki", wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a cikin mujallar "A dabaran" da kuma wallafa gidan da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. Duk da haka Mihail Leonovich ba da gaske yada game da ubansa da duk rayuwarsa ce cewa mahaifiyarsa kawo, da kuma cewa shi gaskiya. Tare da mahaifinsa ya sadu da kawai kamar yadda ya fara tasawa mutum.

samuwar

A lokacin yakin, Michael tafi zuwa ga Moscow makaranta yawan 12, wanda ya kammala a shekara ta 1952. Tuni a cikin makaranta a fili nuna Gasparov agaji mayar da hankali. Saboda haka, ya zabi wani gargajiya reshe na philological baiwa bayan makaranta ya ba abin mamaki ba. A shekarar 1957 ya samu nasarar sauke karatu daga Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Bayan makarantar sakandare Gasparov Mihail Leonovich ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatu kimiyya da kuma sa suna a digiri na biyu makaranta.

kimiyya aiki

Research bukatun Gasparov - tsoho wallafe-wallafe. Mihail Leonovich daidai san da tsoho da Modern Greek, Latin, kuma mallakar da Faransa, Jamus da kuma Italiyanci. Ya PhD sabawa rubuce-rubucensu (1963) da aka keɓe wa tsoho labari. Ancient adabi ya kasance batun da yawa daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da laccoci. Tun shekara ta 1957, ya shafe shekaru 33 a matsayin wani ma'aikaci na kansu na zamanin d adabi na Cibiyar Duniya Wallafe-wallafe da Tarayyar Soviet.

A cikin 1970s, akwai wani biyu Lyubov Gasparova - versification. Daga 1971 zuwa 1981 ya halarci Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School, wadda raya ayyukan Rasha formalists, yana sha'awar ilmin lissafi da kuma amfani da harsuna, poetics. Doctoral rubutun Gasparov "Modern Rasha ayar awo da kari" ya zama wata mahada a kansa shayari ka'idar. A shekarar 1990 Gasparov Mihail Leonovich shi ne babban jami'in harkokin kimiyya na kansu da kuma style of Rasha Cibiyar Rasha Academy of Sciences. Tun shekarar 1990, ya - wani memba na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, daga shekarar 1992 - Academician na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Tun da 1992, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Rasha Jihar jin University, Cibiyar Higher jin Nazarin. A shekara ta 2002 ya jagoranci sashen na tsarin harsuna, da kuma tsarin poetics a Cibiyar Rasha Academy of Sciences, a matsayin ya kasance har sai da ya mutu.

Books, kuma rubuce-rubucen Gasparov

Lokacin da yake rayuwa malamin da ya buga da yawa ƙwarai. Gasparov Mihail Leonovich, wanda littattafai a yau ne classic a cikin filin na zamanin d adabi, da kuma a cikin style, da wallafe-wallafen zargi, ya marubucin da dama da ɗari articles da littattafai da dama. Ya tattara ayyukan a hudu kundin rufe da mafi kyau na aikinsa a prosody. Duk da ayyukansa za a iya harhada cikin da dama manyan kungiyoyin: nazarin tsoho adabi, aiki a kan na da adabi da kuma na zamani adabi, articles da littattafai a kan Rasha adabi da kuma bincike kan prosody.

A raba ɓangare na kerawa da masanin kimiyyar sa ba almarar littattafai a kan tsoho al'ada :. "Lupa Capitolina", "nishadi Girka" Har ila yau Gasparov shi ne shugaban edita na "Mandelstam kundin sani", wani memba na Editorial katakan wannan sanannen jerin matsayin "Literary Monuments", "Library of gargajiya Wallafe-wallafe", "Shiga Systems Nazarin", "Wallafe-wallafe" magazine, "Bulletin na zamanin d tarihi," da dama waje periodicals .

translation ayyukan

Shahararrun Gasparov kawo fassarorin na zamanin d texts. Its yawan aiki da kuma virtuosity a matsayin fassara kawai ban mamaki. Gasparovsky translation daga Girkanci na Ovid, Aristotle, Aesop ne har yanzu sun yarda da juna, ba kawai cikin sharuddan daidaito, amma kuma da stylistic ladabi. A cikin fassarorin da na Rasha karatu zai iya ma karanta tsoho shayari, Cicero, Horace, Diogenes Laertius.

koyarwa

Academician Gasparov sanar da shekaru da yawa don kafa tare da gudummawar da Department of History da Theory of World Culture a cikin Falsafa Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A Literary Cibiyar zuwa gare su. Gorky, ya sanar da darussa a kan prosody da kuma Rasha shayari. Wadannan laccoci janyo hankalin babban adadin dalibai a matsayin lecturer Gasparov ya inspirational da kuma haske. Daga baya, wasu daga wadannan laccoci kunshe a cikin littafin "The ayar".

tattara ayyukan

Mataki na ashirin da Gasparov a kan prosody da kuma Rasha shayari aka tattara a cikin hudu-girma edition na "zaba ayyukansu". A farko girma - "A cikin Mawãƙi" - sadaukar da tsoho shayari matsayin tushen gargajiya adabi hadisai. Na biyu girma - "A cikin aya" - ta dogara ne a kan laccoci a jami'a da kuma sadaukar da bincike na ayyukan Rasha kasida, Tsvetaeva, Pushkin, su ɗauko, Khlebnikov, Mayakovsky, Rasha avant-garde, Brodsky. Parsing rubutu daga Gasparov - misali ne na lafiya da kuma asali da bincike tare da fadada karshe. The uku girma - "A cikin aya" - shi ne duqufar da ka'idar shayari, stylistics da poetics. Wannan karo na hudu - "harsuna ayar" - kishin fassarar da kuma bincike na ayyukan Rasha kasida.

karrama

Gasparov Mihail Leonovich aikinsu akai-akai samu da suka cancanta awards. Shi ne ya lashe jihar Prize (1995), ma'abũcin "tagar jirgin ruwa" awards, Ƙananan karo, kari A. White. A shekarar 2004, ya samu wani ilimi lashe kyautar da su. A. S. Pushkina edition na "zaba Works" a 3 kundin.

Personal rai

Gasparov ML kusan shekaru hamsin da aure da wallafe-wallafen edita Alevtinoy Mihaylovnoy Zotovoy. The biyu 'yar, Elena, yanzu a Ph.D., aiki a Research Institute of Education makarantan nasare da Tarayyar Soviet Apk, kiwata biyu Gasparov jikoki.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Tun da marigayi 1990s, Academician Mikhail Gasparov ganowa wani sabon yanki na aikin, ya enjoys gwaji fassarorin na na da wakoki da kuma zamanin. A bayanin da ya gabatar ya bayyana a Rasha waka L. Ariosto ta "Orlando Furioso", ayoyi G. Heim. Kuma littafin "gwajin translation" ya zama wani real taron a wallafe-wallafen duniya.

Nuwamba 7, 2005 Gasparov mutu, aka binne shi tare da cikakken karrama a Miusskaya hurumi a Moscow.

Bayan rasuwar Michael Leonovich jama'a ya zama da aka sani duk da haka wani facet na da basira. Matarsa, Alevtina M., da aka buga a 'yan kananan collections nasa waqe. Sam Gasparov kansa wani mawãƙi ba tsammani don ambaci cewa wannan shi ne kawai ya dauki ga waqoqi daga cikin manyan halittawa.