"Stryker" - sulke fama abin hawa. American Stryker Armoured Personnel Carrier

"Stryker" - sulke fama abin hawa samar da Janar kuzarin kawo cikas Land Systems. Shi yana da dabaran dabara 8x8 / 4. A model dangane da Kanad APCs LAV III, wanda, bi da bi, shi ne mai zurfin zamanintar da Swiss sulke Piranha III 8x8. Stryker ne a sabis da US Army ta mechanized da sojojin da kuma da dama sauran ƙasashe.

ganawa

Stryker APC ne babban makamai na birged fama teams Army United States, ci gaba a cikin 2000s. An tsara su safarar dakaru raka'a (yawanci mechanized rarrabuwa) a fagen yaƙi tare da sojoji da harbe-harben kai tsaye daga cikin na'ura, da kara wuta goyon bayan dakaru a lokacin da kuma bayan dismounting, kazalika da m goyon baya da kuma fama da goyon baya mechanized raka'a na US Army.

sulke model (BT) na iyali "Stryker" hada da 10 iri na ruggedized inji located a kan Brigade Yaki Team, dauke da makamai "Stryker". A farko kofe shiga sabis na US Army a watan Fabrairu 2002, kamar yadda na Afrilu 2013th 4349 BT raka'a daban-daban da aka tsĩrar.

Tarihi na halitta

Bayan m nasara a "sanyi" yaki Amurka makamai zuwa rama da suka wuce haddi juya a cikin low tsanani rikici. Oktoba 12, 1999 Janar Shinseki E. (rike matsayin babban hafsan da US Army) ƙa'ida sanar alamar canji shirin na kasar ƙasa sojojin na nan gaba, shan la'akari data kasance da kuma nan gaba kalubale da kuma barazanar da yau. A shirin, wanda aka kira "The manufar nan gaba sojojin» (The dindindin Force), tsara da sojojin Amurka ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar karfi cewa za su iya amsa da sauri zuwa crises a wani yanki na duniya a dace hanya zuwa watsa a cikin yankunan sarrafawa amfani da mamaye a cikin wani rikici.

A shirin kayyade sojojin daidaita da rukunan m da kuma dacewa da martani ga halin da ake ciki da nema gaban da ya dace zamani makamai. A rukunin farko na shirin da aka ci gaban da wani tsaka-tsaki wani zaɓi line yaki da motocin, Kwafa da IAV (wucin gadi Armoured Vehicle - «wucin gadi Armoured Vehicle"). Tara makamai America a lokacin ba su da wani zamani BT wannan aji.

A sabon layin da aka tsara don cika wani rata a cikin capabilities na ƙasa sojojin da za su gudanar da ake kira "gargajiya" irin yaƙi amfani da nauyi da kuma iko soja kayan aiki dakaru irin BMP M2 "Bradley" ko haske da kuma mobile, yayin da talauci da makamai da kuma kare M998 "guduma" irin dabara . Babban fagen fama da tashin halitta sulke model - low-matakin fadace-fadace.

kayan aiki na sojojin

Bayan zabi 'yan Armoured Personnel dako da zabin tattauna a matsayin dalilin da m halittar sulke da motocin da sabon iyali, tushen da aka dauka na Canada APCs LAV III. Bayan watanni da dama na gwaji, a watan Nuwamba na 2000, da jadawalin na sayayya a 2131 kofe BT "Stryker" da aka amince. Armoured fama abin hawa shiga wani m amsa tawagar.

A farko inji sun kawai iri biyu:

• ACS M1128 (MGS) tare da UK 105 mm rifled tank gun Royal Ordnance L7, wanda aka sanya a kan na farko samfurori da American babban yaƙi tankuna "Abrams". Wadannan kai-propelled bindigogi da aka kallafa lamba wuta support a fama dakaru raka'a.
• Dakaru gashi abin hawa M1126 Stryker (ICV), wanda ya maye gurbin da aka rabu amfani da Armoured Personnel dako M113.

Bukatun da Dokokin

New Amurka makamai a kan wani shirin generals dole ne ya kasance mai rahusa da kuma tattali, tare da wani babban mataki na tsaro da kuma motsi. A undoubted amfani da "Stryker" shi ne cewa abubuwan da ke daya daga cikin bugu brigades na da irin wannan BT da daraja 25% kasa da abun ciki na birged kungiyar, dauke da makamai mutum BMP "Bradley."

Kamar yadda dokokin, a fama birged "Stryker" kungiyar ne da za a koma a kowane wuri na duniya domin 96 hours, da division - for 120 hours, da kuma 5 ƙungiyoyin m tayin - for 30 days. "Stryker" An ɗauke da iska "transporters" C-5 "Geleksi" (4 fama motocin), C-17 'Gloubmayster III »(3 raka'a) da kuma C-130" Hercules "(1 naúrar), da kuma bayan isar BT dole ne a shiri domin kara mataki.

sufuri matsaloli

Tun daga farko, da gwajin wannan yaki inji yana da matsaloli tare da na daidaitawa da sulke na dabara da fasaha da bukatun ga abin da aka lasafta. Saboda haka, Stryker APCs farko samfurori da aka fasaha matsaloli tare da kai na kai jirgin sama C-130 "Hercules". Saboda da manyan nisa daga cikin APCs a cikin aisles tsakanin layuka na kujeru da kuma kayan aiki ba ya zama wani komai a wurin zama. Saboda haka, a saka a jirgin zai iya daukar wani ɓangare abun da ke ciki sashen, wanda, bi da bi, Ya halitta matsaloli a sauya manyan sojoji a wasu yankunan.

A lokacin bada, domin saukar da da "Stryker" a cikin jirgin, da ƙungiya da ya harbe shi da 2 launchers flue kafuwa, duk da eriya, hagu raya wasan bidiyo, wanda katange da fita daga cikin na'ura tare da jirgin, da fama naúrar a kan hasumiya, da wasu sauran raka'a da kuma sassa. A sakamakon haka, da rabuwa ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo don shigar kayan aiki bayan Ana saukewa daga jirgin sama.

vulnerabilities

A watan Agusta, 2003, da majalisar dattawan Amurka ya yi damning rahoton game da halaye da cewa yana da "Stryker". Armoured fama abin hawa da aka bayyana a matsayin mai m da tsada sosai. Babban girmamawa ne a kan gazawar da kokarin Janar Shinseki E. yarda cikin sabis na US Army Superefficient APC, wadda za ta hadu duk da kalubalen zamani rikice-rikice.

Rahoton ya soki babban shigewa Stryker iyali a kan al'ada RPG, wanda ke sanye take da mayakan da 'yan ta'adda, da} arfin size APCs cewa ya hana ba tare da bata lokaci ba kai "Hercules" m C-130 da jirgin sama.

Gwaje-gwaje saukar low yi shasi duk gyare-gyare, ko mutum wheeled tank M1128 ko gwada da haske BTR M1126. Matsaloli bayyana a cikin miƙa mulki ga babban gudun da kuma lokacin da motsi a kan m ƙasa. Har ila yau, "Stryker" yana da wani matalauci kwanciyar hankali - akwai lokatan lokuta na majũya a kan wata al'ada hanya.

Kwatanta da fafatawa a gasa

Masu wheeled Armoured Personnel nuna cewa Stryker a hanyoyi masu yawa na baya zuwa modernized M113 sa ido da kuma ACS M1128 (MGS) a kan dukkan sigogi ya fi muni da aikin hangen zaman M8 AGS. Bisa ga soja masana, "Stryker" inji gaza 7 na 9 core jarrabawa, idan aka kwatanta da M113A3, kuma musamman tare da elongated version MTVL. Wannan firepower, maneuverability da kuma kashe-hanya a wani birane, da rayuwa, AMINCI, ikon safarar da iska da kuma ta'aziyya ga ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma sojojin. Kawar da gano ƙarara ya kai ga wani gagarumin Yunƙurin a cikin kudin na wheeled Armoured Personnel dako.

fasaha halaye

Armoured Personnel Carrier "Stryker" da layout da kuma sanyi na kusan guda kamar da wanda ya riga - LAV III, amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Da farko, da jiki ya wuce da tsawo na da samfur na 25-30 cm. Wannan ya yi don saukar saukaka harsasai, ƙungiya da kuma sojojin. Domin kariya daga bama-bamai da kuma mahakar dole musanyãwa ga profile na kasa, manyan zuwa wani karuwa a cikin jiki tsawo domin diyya "ci abinci» V-dimbin yawa kasa na amfani girma a cikin kwansu da kwarkwatansu daki. Mun canza kadan da mikakke girma.

Dabaran BT yana da halayyar a cikin wannan na'ura aji classic layout: Hagu Front halitta a engine-watsa daki, gaban hagu - wani iko naúrar tare da direba ta wurin. Ga direba na inji shi ne kwamandan. Middle daki da kuma aft daki suna kasaftawa ga saukowa inda 9 sanya cikakken dakunan dakaru. The rufin harsashi saukowa ƙungiya suna sanye take da hatches a kan Game da wuraren, sojojin komai a fili ta hanyar tsananin ƙõfõfi, a kan ƙungiya sashe ne ma bayar da gaggawa hatches.

TTH tushe model M1126

• Tsawon - 6394 mm.
• Nisa - 2667 mm.
• Height - 2170 mm.
• Ground yarda - 500 mm.
• Fama nauyi - 17.2 tons.
• Speed a kan babbar hanya - 97 km / h.
• Ikon ajiye (a kan hanya) - 531 km.

ikon shuka

A engine-watsa daki saka dizal Caterpillar 3126, ta ikon ne 257 kW (350 HP. S.). Wannan engine ne a key fasahar ga dabara matakin na tsakiyar aji a cikin US Army. Wannan yayi gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni a gyara da kiyaye irin wannan kayan aiki a filin da kuma fama yanayi.

Reservation BTR "Stryker"

Armoured fama motocin kasa m zuwa kananan makamai wuta fiye da na baya irin Armoured Personnel dako M113. Case welded makamai faranti na kauri har zuwa 12 millimeters. Saboda da amfani da daban-daban maki na karfe kariya a frontal tsinkaya yayi dace da hudu matakin misali STANAG 4569, da kuma na biyu cikin uku na sauran tsinkaya. Bugu da kari ga "Stryker" za a iya saka fuska kewayen kewaye na jiki.

Reservation kare da kananan makamai harsasai zamo 14.5 mm daga tsananin kuma tarnaƙi, 30 mm projectiles a frontal ɓangare na gidaje a nisa a kan mita 500 (a gaban m kariya), kazalika da daga raunuka 152mm fragmentation bawo fashe kusa da nan.

gyare-gyare

• M1126, dakaru APC (ICV) - asali sulke 'Stryker "iyali, domin jigilar dakaru, da kuma harbe-harben goyon baya.
• M1126 gyara ga bincike, tsaro, masu gadi, sadarwa, bayarwa na harsasai da sauransu. D.
• M1126 tare da karfafa kasa DVH-Scout (ICCV-S), aka yi nufi ga hali na soja da hankali, wanda aka sanye take da wani sa na dogon zango kallo.
• M1127 (RV) - bincike abin hawa, wanda aka tsara domin bincike, tsaro da kuma lura a fagen yaƙi. Yana sanye take da mai kwazo bincike kayan aiki distal Raytheon m ganewa.
• M1128 (MGS) - propelled gun Dutsen (wheeled tank) da 105 mm rifled gun.
• M1129 (MCV-B) - propelled 120mm turmi tare da gyarawa da kuma m tsari.
• M1130 (CV) - BT kwamandan.
• M1131 (FSV) - wuta-kula da na'ura.
• M1132 (HAU) - sulke m abin hawa, akayi nufi don gudanar da m bincike, kai da goyon baya ga sappers.
• M1133 (MEV) - Medical BT.
• M1134 ATGM - antitank makami mai linzami tsarin. The inji yana da wani m Dutsen domin fara antitank shiryar da makamai masu linzami daga ƙasa.
• M1135 (NBCRV) - an tsara don radiation, sinadaran da bacteriological bincike.

ƙarshe

A lokacin da Iraki da kuma Afghanistan wars BTR "Stryker" ya tabbatar da amfani. Sojoji yabe su da kyau sulke abin hawa ƙungiya rayuwa da kuma saukowa a lokacin wani landmine Harin da dakarun na kananan makamai da kuma RPGs. Su ne ba makawa a birane halin wurare. Da wannan bango, wani fasaha shortcomings na inji ba m.