Faye hali da kuma Nau'in exogenous tafiyar matakai. Sakamako na exogenous tafiyar matakai. Da dangantakar na ciki da kuma exogenous ma'aunan kasa matakai

Cikin dukanin wanzuwar Duniya ta surface ne kullum canja. Wannan tsari ya ci gaba a yau. Shi ne jinkirin da imperceptible da mutane, har ma da yawa. Duk da haka, wadannan canje ƙarshe fundamentally canja bayyanar da Duniya. Irin wannan matakai kasu kashi exogenous (external) da kuma na ciki (ciki).

rarrabuwa

Exogenous matakai - sakamakon hulda tsakanin harsashi na duniya tare da hydrosphere, da kuma yanayi biosphere. Suna karatu domin a daidai ƙayyade da muhimmancin da ma'aunan kasa juyin halitta daga cikin Duniya. Ba tare da exogenous matakai ba samar da dokoki na ci gaba na duniya. Sun yi bincike cikin kimiyya da tsauri binciken kasa (ko geomorphology).

Kwararru soma wani janar rarrabuwa na exogenous matakai, rarraba cikin uku kungiyoyin. Farko - a weathered, wadda ta zama alamar canji na Properties na kankara da kuma ma'adanai a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ba kawai iska amma kuma carbon dioxide, da oxygen, da kuma ruwa aiki na kwayoyin. A gaba da irin exogenous matakai - denudation. Wannan halakar dutse (ba canza a Properties kamar yadda a yanayin saukan weathering), su Lalacewar gudãna ruwa da iska. A karshe irin - jari. Wannan sabon samuwar na sedimentary kankara saboda sediments tara a depressions terrestrial taimako a sakamakon weathering da denudation. A jari na misali za a iya ambata a gani dangantakar duk exogenous tafiyar matakai.

inji weathering

Jiki weathering kuma ake kira inji. A sakamakon wadannan exogenous matakai kankara juya zuwa boulders, yashi, kuma gruss, da kuma karya saukar guntu-guntu. A mafi muhimmanci factor na jiki weathering - insolation. Saboda hasken rana dumama da kuma m sanyaya faruwa lokaci-lokaci bambancin da dutse girma. Ana sa fatattaka da kuma asarar sadarwa tsakanin ma'adanai. A sakamakon ne bayyananne exogenous matakai - rock karya cikin guda. A mafi girma da mawadãta daga zazzabi, da sauri ta faru.

A kudi na samuwar fasa dogara a kan kaddarorin na dutse, da foliation, lamination, tsakiyan nonon ma'adanai. Inji rushewa iya samun dama siffofin. Daga cikin m abu tayar guda na cikin tsari, da kamã da Sikeli, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan tsari ne ma ya kira cheshueniem. A dutse karya up lumps samar da akwatin.

sinadaran halaka

Bugu da kari, dutse rushe inganta sinadaran sakamakon ruwa da iska. Oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide ne mafi aiki jamiái, barazana da mutuncin saman. Ruwa daukawa gishiri mafita, sabili da haka ta rawa a cikin aiwatar da sinadaran weathering ne musamman high. Irin wannan lalacewar za a iya bayyana, a da yawa hanyoyi daban-daban: carbonation, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma rushe. Bugu da kari, sinadaran yashewa sakamakon a cikin samuwar sabuwar ma'adanai.

Ruwa da talakawa ta hanyar millennia kowace rana kashe surface da seep ta hanyar pores kafa a cikin rubabben kankara. The ruwa da ke sa a manyan yawan abubuwa, ta haka ne manyan zuwa bazuwar daga cikin ma'adanai. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa a yanayi akwai cikakken insoluble abubuwa. The kawai tambaya ne tsawon lokacin da suka riƙe su abin da aka kafa a duk da exogenous tafiyar matakai.

hadawan abu da iskar shaka

Hadawan abu da iskar shaka rinjayar da mafi yawa ma'adanai, wanda sun hada da sulfur, da baƙin ƙarfe, manganese, cobalt, nickel da kuma wasu sauran abubuwa. Wannan tsarin sunadarai ne musamman aiki a wani yanayi tare da cikakken iska, oxygen da kuma ruwa. Alal misali, lamba tare da danshi, wani ɓangare na dutse nitrous karafa ne oxides, sulfides, - .. Sulphates, da dai sauransu Dukan waɗannan matakai kai tsaye shafi Duniya ta topography.

A sakamakon hadawan abu da iskar shaka a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na kasar gona tara ruwan sama m tama (ortzandy). Akwai sauran misalai na da tasiri a kan ƙasa. Saboda haka, weathered kankara dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, ya rufe tare da launin ruwan kasa crusts limonite.

kwayoyin weathering

Kwayoyin ma hannu a cikin halakar da dutse. Alal misali, lichens (sauki shuke-shuke) na iya shirya a kusan duk wani surface. Sun goyi bayan rayuwa, cire kasaftawa amfani Organic acid gina jiki. Bayan da sauki shuke-shuke a kan kankara itace ciyayi settles. A wannan yanayin, da fasa zama gida ga asalinsu.

Halaye na exogenous matakai ba zai iya yi ba tare da ambata tsutsotsi, tururuwa da tururuwai suka gina. Suna yin wani dogon da yawa Tunnels, kuma, da ita taimakawa wajen shigar azzakari cikin farji daga iska ƙarƙashin turɓãya, a cikin abin da abun da ke ciki na da hallakaswa carbon dioxide da kuma danshi.

Effect na kankara

Ice - wani muhimmin yanki factor. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar Duniya ta topography. A cikin mountainous wurare na kankara motsi tare da kogin kwaruruka, canza siffar da m surface dake kwarara. Irin wanna hallakar da geologists kira gouging (vypahivaniem). The motsi kankara aikin wani aiki. Ya daukawa detritus, wãtse daga dutsen. weathering kayayyakin fada kashe daga gangaren kwaruruka, da shirya a farfajiya na kankara. Irin wannan catastrophic lalacewar da ma'aunan kasa abu ne ake kira moraine.

Daidai da muhimmanci shi ne ƙasa-kankara, wanda aka kafa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ruwan karkashin kasa cika da pores a cikin yankunan da dogon lokacin da permafrost. A matsayin bayar da tasu gudunmuwar factor a nan ne ma da sauyin yanayi. A kasan talakawan zafin jiki, da girma da zurfin daskarewa. Ina bazara narke sanyi a farfajiya na duniya suna ja daga ruwa matsa lamba. Sunã halakar da wuri mai faɗi da kuma canza ta da siffar. Similar matakai daga shekara zuwa shekara aka maimaita su a hawan keke, misali, a arewacin kasar Rasha.

tẽku factor

A teku ne game da 70% na surface na duniya tamu kuma, babu shakka, shi ya kasance kullum da wani muhimmanci ma'aunan kasa exogenous factor. A teku ruwa motsa ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, tidal da tidal igiyoyin. Tare da wannan tsari hade m halakar da ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Sai taguwar ruwa ta cewa fantsama ko da a low m tekuna kashe bakin tekun, ba tare da wani tasha eroding da kewaye dutse. A lokacin da hadari, da ikon da surf iya zama da dama ton da murabba'in mita.

A tsari gantali da kuma ta jiki halakar jihar bakin teku seawater kankara kira abrasion. Ya ci gaba da gudana unevenly. A cikin banki iya bayyana blurry bay, headland ko wasu duwatsu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, surf kalaman suranta breakages kuma zana hotunan. Character halaka dogara a kan tsarin da kuma na abun da ke ciki kankara onshore.

A kasa na tekuna da ruwaye daga ƙarƙashinsu m aiwatar da denudation. Wannan yana yuwuwa ta zafin kwarara. A lokacin hadari da sauran bala'i an kafa iko girgizar kasa tãguwar ruwa, wanda shi ne a kan ta hanyar tuntuve a karkashin ruwa gangara. Lokacin da wani karo na faruwa a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi yl da BREAKING dutse.

iska mataki

Iska kamar yadda kome fiye canza Duniya ta surface. Yana halaka da kankara kawo detrital abu ne a cikin kananan size da kuma sa ta da shi a ko'ina. A gudun mita 3 da biyu, iska ta da hankalin da ganye, mita 10 - m tana da rassan, kiwata kura da yashi, 40 mita, ja daga itãce, kuma demolishing gidajensu. Musamman hallakaswa aiki ne yake aikata ƙura hadari, da kuma tornadoes.

Tsari iska tanã gudu dutse barbashi kira deflation. A hamadar da kuma Semi shi Forms wani gwaji akan rage a farfajiya na folded gishiri Marshes. Wind tsanani da mataki, idan ƙasar ba shi da kariyar ciyayi. Saboda haka, yana deforms musamman karfi dutsen tasa.

hulda

A samuwar Duniya ta topography taka muhimmiyar rawa da dangantakar na ciki da kuma exogenous ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai. Nature aka shirya don haka da cewa wasu Yunƙurin zuwa wasu. Alal misali, external exogenous matakai ƙarshe kai ga fasa a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Ta hanyar wadannan takware daga ciwon hanji na duniya ta magma gudana. Yana shimfidawa a cikin nau'i na zanen gado da kuma suranta wani sabon jinsi.

Magmatism ba kawai misali na tsarin da hulda da exogenous da kuma na ciki tafiyar matakai. Glaciers taimakawa wajen leveling da ƙasa. Wannan shi ne wani waje exogenous tafiyar matakai. A sakamakon haka, shi ne kafa peneplain (a fili da kananan duwatsu). Sa'an nan kuma, a sakamakon na ciki matakai (tectonic faranti ƙungiyoyi), wannan surface yakan. Saboda haka, ciki da waje dalilai iya musanta juna. Da dangantakar na ciki da kuma exogenous matakai ne hadaddun da multifaceted. Yau, an yi karatu a daki-daki, a cikin tsarin na geomorphology.