Hali Structure a ilimin halayyar

A matsalar da tsarin hali a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a babu wani daya m. Tsarin hali a fannin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma - daya daga cikin mafi husũma al'amurran da suka shafi. Its shawara bambanta isasshe manyan discrepancies.

Akwai 3.Freyda ra'ayi, bisa ga abin da tsarin hali a ilimin halayyar zaman kunshi uku main abubuwa - wannan shi ne shi (id), I (Izza), da superego (superego). Yana da wani tunaninsu da lamirinsu, a cikinsa Mamaye gabbai. Yana Highlights biyu bukatun: ta'adi da libido. I - shi ne wani kashi na sani, wanda aka haɗa zuwa sume, domin "shi" lokaci zuwa lokaci karya fita. Super-Izza ne wani ciki m wanda qunshi tara halin kirki da jagororin da ka'idoji. Sani shi ne, a rikici da sume gabbai iya shiga a cikinta, kuma a daya hannun - tare da hani shibtarsu da superego. Resolution da rikici da aka yi sulhu tsakani da sublimation (kawar da).

Wasu lokaci Freud da ra'ayoyin da aka dauke babu kimiyya a ciki. Amma shi ne su hali tsarin a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a suka zo a gani a matsayin wani multifaceted, kuma a cikin hali na mutum ga yaki da nazarin halittu da kuma zamantakewa ka'idojin.

Modern Rasha mawallafa hali tsarin a ilimin halayyar zaman gani a matsayin mai hade da uku aka gyara: memory al'ada aiki. Memory hada da aiki bayanai da ilmi, da al'adu - dabi'u da kuma zamantakewa norms, ayyuka - ganin na da bukatun, nufin, wani mutum ban sha'awa.

A ginin zamantakewa na hali a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da aka nuna a cikin al'adu da kuma mataimakin versa. A tsarin da hali da lãbãri a gare gargajiya da kuma na zamani al'adu tsarin. A wani rikicin, a lokacin da abin ya shafa na sama al'adu Layer, ƙananan Layer za a iya kunna ta al'ada da kanta. Wannan na faruwa a karkashin yanayi na keta halin kirki da kuma akida norms da dabi'u. Characteristically kamar layering Ana cire al'adu strata da kuma a wasu shafi tunanin mutum da cututtuka.

A cikin shakka daga nazarin da tsarin hali mai yiwuwa ba ne ba a yi la'akari da dangantakar mutum da kuma zamantakewa ka'idojin. Kowane mutum ne na musamman da kuma na musamman. A daya hannun, da mutum ne mai zaman jama'a kasancewarsa, a gama, shi ne muhimmi a collectivism.

Up zuwa yanzu babu wani hadin kai tsakanin masana kimiyya a tambaya, shi ne wani mutum da wani individualist ko collectivist a yanayi. Magoya bayan na biyu matsayi mai yawa. Warware wannan batu ba kawai na msar tambayar muhimmanci. Yana dogara a kan shi a yi na ilimi. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet shekaru da yawa tashe collectivism matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Properties na mutum. A cikin West, a wannan lokaci da gungumen azaba a kan individualism. Kamar yadda yi nuna, babu wani daga cikin zabin a cikin m nau'i ne ba jitu.

Hali ka'idar a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a mayar da hankali kan nazarin dangantakar ci gaba da kuma samuwar hali ci gaba da kuma aiki na zamantakewa al'ummomi, ya danganta mutum da kuma al'umma, mutum kungiyoyin. Mafi fi sanin theories na hali ka'idar a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a su ne madubi "I", psychoanalytic ka'idar, rawar da ka'idar hali da kuma akidar Karl Marx ka'idar.

A ka'idar da madubi "I" da aka ɓullo da kuma Dzh.Midom Ch.Kuli. A cewar wannan rukunan wani mutum ne mai tunani da sauran mutane ta halayen. Yana ma'anar jigon adam sani.

Psychoanalytic ka'idar jagorancin Freud mayar da hankali a kan watsuwar sabani na mutum na ciki duniya, m al'amurran al'umma da kuma sadarwa.

Aikin ka'idar da aka samu T.Parsonsonom, R.Mintonom da kuma Robert Merton. A cewar ta zamantakewa hali ne aka bayyana ta biyu na asali Concepts: "social rawa" da "zaman matsayi". Status nufin mutum matsayi a cikin zaman jama'a da tsarin. Aikin - suna ayyuka da cewa mutane yin, wanda shi ne halayyar wani hali daban.

Akidar Karl Marx ka'idar Mai gani ne ga mutum a matsayin mutum samfurin ci gaba a cikin al'umma.