Fada ya tofa - makami na mutuwa

A tarihin kaifi makamai shiga wani sosai asali nau'i na - wannan ne na kowa da tattalin arziki tofa a cikin wani musamman hanya a rataye a kan wani iyakacin duniya da kuma sāke, ta haka ne, a cikin wani kayan aiki na mutuwa. Its sosai bayani dalla-dalla da shawara cewa, an yi amfani da yafi by manoma a lokacin da na jini tarzoma, don haka sau da yawa keta ga zaman lafiya, amma ba yana nufin mai sauki kasa rai.

Baƙauye braids sun zama makaman

Domin da farko lokacin da za a amfani da wannan m ga kayan aiki da soja manufar ya fara a cikin XIV karni. Yawancin manoma, daya dalili ko wata reshivshiesya karfi canza Hanyar rayuwa, ko aka tilasta su yin tunãni hari makiya, canza su braids. By canza kwana na abin da aka makala na ruwa guda a iyakacin duniya, ko kawai gamewa su a cikin wani na kowa axis tare da shi, suka samu sakamako a cikin abin da m kayan aiki ya zama jiya ya quite m tofa.

Melee makamai, haka halitta, a can ya kasance mai yawan abũbuwan amfãni. Yana da aka duniya, agile, tasiri, amma mafi muhimmanci - cheap da kuma araha. Wani lokaci, maimakon a al'ada ruwa braids lazimta a kan shaft shredding wasa wuka ko wani musamman ƙirƙira kaifi biyu da kuma dan kadan mai lankwasa ruwa.

Makamai Swiss da Czech manoman

Domin da farko lokacin da yin amfani da wannan irin makami aka ambata dangane da yãki cewa jagoranci manoma da dama Swiss cantons, nuna da kai hare-hare na Austria Knights da ya faru a cikin karni na XIV sa'an nan akai-akai sabunta for karnuka uku.

Lokacin da a farkon na XV karni a kan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Czech ya barke addini yaki fara gyãrãwa jagorancin Yana Gusa (da Hussites), babban contingent na sojojin kunshi manoma, a hannuwan wa su ke guda braids - wani makami cewa ya dauki a kowane iyali.

A lokacin da baƙauye wars

A karni daga baya, dukan tsakiyar na Turai da aka rufe jini, karya fita a kan wani adadin na tattalin arziki da kuma addini dalilai da aka mai suna Great baƙauye War. Sake tofa (makamai) sau da yawa shirya sakamakon fadace-fadace, kamar yadda sojojin na takaddama jam'iyyun da aka staffed mafi yawa da manoma suke iya biyan mafi tsada iri makamai.

Mai Martial amarya, nuna a yau a gidajen tarihi a duniya, kwanan baya zuwa XVI karni, amma akwai fiye da 'yan kofe. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne wani amarya (makamai), da zarar mallakar Prussian mayakan mambobi kuma, bisa ga data kasance stigma a kan shi, saki a 1813. Yana za a iya gani a Dresden Jihar Museum.

A karshen tsakiyar zamanai

A cikin marigayi tsakiyar zamanai, cewa shi ne, tarihi lokaci, wanda ya a tattaunawar sama, ya kuma kasance mai tartsatsi makami a cikin nau'i na tofa, shi ne shi mafi inganta version - Glaive, ko Glewe. Yana ne aka yi nufi da yafi ga kusa fama kuma ya wakilci polutorometrovoe shaft da kara don shi wani lebur, kaifi-tipped otochennye tsawon game da 60 cm da nisa daga 7-10 cm.

Don kare shaft daga lalacewa, shi da aka rufe rivets ko nade karfe tef. Ruwa wasa, yawanci tare da kawai daya hannun, kawota tare da shaye a wani kwana wajen karfe kashin baya. Tare da shi ba za ka iya yin tunãni a cikin naushe aikatã game da saman, kazalika don amsa su, a cikin wani babban punching smashing shi tare da baki da makiya makamai. Bugu da kari, shi ne kuma sosai dace don sata wani doki da mahayinsa da riga a ƙasa da raunata wani mutum duka.

Kamar wancan Glaive, damar saka a mataki a matsayin chopping, da kuma dirka ne isasshe m makami. Yana da aka tartsatsi cikin Turai, amma musamman rare a Faransa da kuma Italiya, inda ya kasance a tsayarwa matsara na girmamawa ga duk manyan jami'an gwamnati. Akwai, ta ƙarshe aka tuba a cikin wani musamman irin halberd kira guisarme. Yana yawanci aka bayar tare da biyu nozzles - mike kuma mai lankwasa - da kuma barin soja don amfani thrusting da kuma ja kashe abokan gaba tare da doki.

Tofa a cikin arsenal na Cossacks

Yana da muhimmanci a lura kuma cewa fama tofa - da makami, bayan da sabuwar dabara aka yi jãyayya da al'ummai masu yawa. Alal misali, wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa a karon farko ta bayyana a cikin arsenal na Cossacks, mafi yawansu ba su ne tsohon manoma. Yana da wuya a ce yadda wajaba wannan tabbatarwa, amma shi ne undeniable cewa a lokacin Ukrainian National Liberation yaki na XVII-XVIII ƙarni daya daga cikin manyan ne kawai wani makami.

Tofa mutuwa taka muhimmiyar rawa a Berestechko yaƙi da cewa ya faru a 1651 tsakanin sojojin na Yaren mutanen Poland Sarki Yana Kazimira da Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Mafi tunanin gentry, gaya cewa shi ne ta hanyar Martial amarya Cossacks nasara musamman yadda ya kamata yi tsaro da m counter-kai hari.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, babban adadin na farfado alaka da rawar da wadannan makamai a yakin ga' yancin kai na Ukraine, ya bayyana a cikin tarin na Zaporizhzhya tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya. Su dokoki ne a cike da kuma cikakken tarin cewa nuna daban-daban lokaci na samar da ci gaba na fama amarya armourers wannan yankin.

Amfani fama braids a Rasha

A Rasha, tarihin irin wannan makami da ake dangantawa da farko tare da tawaye karkashin jagorancin Stepan Razin, sa'an nan Emelyan Pugachev. Baƙauye da Cossack taro a lokuta biyu shiga yaƙi dauke da makamai aro daga nasu farm abubuwa - gatura, pitchforks da kuma scythes, reworked kuma sun zama wani karaya makami a hannunsu.

Kuma, ba shakka, ba a ma maganar yãƙi tofa a cikin hannãyenku daga almara yaƙin yaki na 1812, da karfe wadda lafiya tuna da sojojin Napoleon ta sojojin gudu ignominiously daga Rasha. A Moscow gidan kayan gargajiya kishin tarihin jaruntakar events, ba za ka iya ganin wasu daga cikin na asali kayayyaki.

Yaren mutanen Poland kosynierzy

Duk da haka, watakila mafi tartsatsi tofa (makamai) ta samu a Poland. Musamman mai haske da shi da aka nuna a lokacin Polish tawaye sa ta biyu bangare na Poland, ya faru a 1794. Sa'an nan suka yi yaƙi da na yau da kullum raka'a na Rasha sojojin, Polish, Belarushiyanci da Lithuanian manoma kafa da yawa raka'a, a kawo musu kayan da aka sani kawai, yaki da braids da kuma related iri bladed makamai, wakiltar a rataye a kan shaft wukake da kuma dukan gida-yi ruwan wukake. Sojoji wadannan raka'a aka kira kosynierzy (daga kalmomin "tofa", "yanka", da sauransu. D.).

A cewar masana tarihi, kosynierzy taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin Raclawice a 1794, inda 'yan tawayen Tadeusha Kostyushko hadu a yaƙi da dakarun gwamnati. Su raka'a, sõyayya a cikin abin da ake kira 'yan sanda Krakow kaucewa harin na abokan gaba, sahu a uku layuka, kuma m fama braids, yankakken da kuma yanke kamar yadda idan suka rike takuba da māsu, maimakon canja gona kayan aikin kamar yadda ya cancanta.

A farko jere sun warriors, dauke da makamai suka bindigogi, yayin da na biyu da kuma na uku - braids. Lokacin da kibiyoyi haifar da wata volley, sa'an nan nan da nan suka tattara bayan kosynierzy, rufe su, alhãli kuwa sunã reloading makamai, cewa a wancan lokaci da ake bukata a wasu lokaci.

A irin wannan abin kwaikwaya aka maimaita a lokacin Polish yunkuri na 1830, lokacin da da yawa daga cikin na yau da kullum dakaru battalions aka dauke da makamai scythes. Bisa ga mahalarta daga waɗanda events, maƙiyi dakaru, ko da ya lazimta zuwa gun bayoneti, ba zai iya tsayayya da melee kosynierzy, haddasa ya dogon da kuma nauyi QFontDatabase chopping kuma thrusting.

Japan gyara fama tofa

Kamar yadda na musamman version da aka sani ga masana tarihi da kuma soja Japan Xhosa. A makami ne da ɗan daban-daban daga abin da aka tattauna a sama. Har ila yau, kasancewa a gyara daga cikin m yi, shi duk da haka ya halartar babba canje-canje. Da farko, ko da wani gaggawar sani karin taqaitaccen shaft, wanda shi ne kusan a dama kusassari da ruwa ne a haɗe. Wannan irin makami ne sau da yawa ma kira Martial lauje.

Duk da cewa wannan zane rage kusurwa gudu na motsi da makamai a bugu da haka na rage kashe ikon, shi na samar da wani babban jirgin saman soja maneuverability kuma sa shi hadarin gaske musamman a kusa fama. A wasu lokuta, to wata ma'aikata a kan wani dogon sarkar da aka a haɗe nauyi, untwisted da zai iya ji ciwo nauyi smashing duka.

Fighting tofa - na da karfi da kuma m

Gabatar a cikin labarin hotuna da makamai da (braids da su gyare-gyare) ƙyale mu mu wakiltar dukan bambancin jinsunan, wanda Mun halitta da gunsmiths na daban-daban sau da ƙasashe, dangane da kowa m kayan aiki. A uwansa braids ba kawai guisarme, kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama, amma kuma kewaye ruwan wukake da kuma mowers - yãƙi cokula masu yatsotsi.

A amfani da fama da wannan irin makamai ba ya bukatar wani horo na musamman - kayan aiki mallaka ya sauki isa. Yana da ya wajaba a yi halin iya jurewa, jiki ƙarfi kuma, ba shakka, a gaskiya rabo daga ƙarfin hali da ake bukata jirgin saman soja ko da abin da makami ya aka rike.