Epiphany Slavinetsky - theologian, Falsafa da kuma fassara

A cikin tarihi na Rasha XVII karni Epifaniya Slavinetskogo adadi bautar wani matsayi na musamman. Ya fassara da yawa tauhidin da kuma falsafa da littattafai, amma kuma yana da babban tasiri a kan coci rayuwa a kasar. Sabon edition na Missal ya jagoranci wani tsaga a Rasha Orthodox Old Muminai kuma bayyanar.

Hali a karkashin inuwar halin asiri

The daidaito ba a san lokacin da kuma inda aka haife theologian Epiphany Slavinetsky. Babu abin dogara bayanai ko game da rãyuwar sunan. Wasu Malaman tarihi sun karkata zuwa la'akari da shi a Ukrainian ko Belarushiyanci, amma wadannan theories akwai shaida na baƙin ƙarfe. kwanan watan haihuwa iya kawai gano game da - shi ne karshen ko farkon XVI XVII.

Epiphany Slavinetsky sunan zauna tare da shi a cikin coci. Yana da aka dauka a tonsure a Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Haka kuma an yi imani da cewa Epiphany halarci gida da 'yar'uwa makaranta. Wannan shi ne cikar kai da masana tarihi kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa m daidai ƙware da Greek da harshen koyarwa cibiyar wanda shi ne daidai wannan wuri. Bugu da kari, da novice san Latin, wanda zai iya nuna karatu a kasashen waje.

Fassara da philhellene

Ilimi, Epiphany Slavinetsky da ya fara koyar da a Kiev yar'uwarsa makaranta. Ya sanar da tsoho Greek, Church Slavonic da kuma Latin. The daraja daga cikin ilmi ya je Moscow. A 1649, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich tambaye shi da kuma firist Arseny Satanovsky tafi zuwa ga babban birnin kasar. Moscow zuwa Kiev masana kimiyya aka gina St. Andrew ta sufi kan Sparrow Hills, inda makaranta da aka shirya, a cikin abin da waje harsuna sanar da matasa clerks.

A 1651 Epiphany Slavinetsky karshe mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar. Ya zauna a cikin Kremlin Miracle sufi. Wannan wuri da aka zaba ba kwatsam. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XVII Chudov sufi da aka mai karfi na jam'iyyar grekofilov - addini da kuma falsafa motsi da cewa mayar da hankali a kan Orthodox Byzantine da al'adu da kuma adawa da Katolika West Turai, kazalika da Old Muminai tasiri.

Rapprochement da Nikon

Da zarar a babban birnin kasar, m Epiphany Slavinetsky ja hankalin daga cikin mafi iko coci jami'an, ciki har da sarki Nikon. Suna gwani da connoisseur na harsuna yarda da shi ya dauki a kan mafi muhimmanci aiki a rayuwata. Da sarki sanya Epiphany fassara takardun bar bayan da majalisar Konstantinoful a 1593. shi ne mai alama ga Rasha Orthodox Church. Yana da a wannan Council of Eastern ayyana kabila yanke shawarar kafa mai zaman kanta Moscow Patriarchate.

Duk da muhimmancin taron, translation littattafai, koma zuwa gare shi, har zuwa tsakiyar XVII karni da kuma aka ba a aiwatar. Epifaniya Slavinetskogo arziki harshe da kuma da yawa daga gwaninta a yarda da shi to da farko tsanani dauka da rubutu tsararru. Bugu da kari, bisa ga shawarar da Local Council a 1654, ya aka janyo hankalin mazan bita liturgical littattafai. Bayan watanni da dama na mai da hankali aiki na m ya gabatar da bishops na nasu shirin canje-canje a cikin Yarjejeniya da kuma sabunta rubutu Missal.

sabon Missal

Dama zuwa haihuwa littattafai, Epiphany a matsayin jagora amfani zamani a lokacin Venetian bugu a Greek, wanda aka sosai daban-daban daga gargajiya Rasha liturgical wallafe-wallafe. Ya zabi ya kai ga cewa a 1655 aka halatta miƙa mulki ga troeperstiyu, hudu-giciye a kan tarayya burodi da sauran sababbin abubuwa a karshen sa a tsaga a cikin Orthodox Church da kuma bayyanar da Old Muminai.

Duk da yake sake fasalin a cikin tsakiyar karni XVII mafi yawa ana hade da sunan sarki Nikon, wato gyara da kuma fassara littattafan Epiphanius ya zama daya daga cikin dalilan da m canji bayanan. Da littafin da wani sabon edition na Missal sa hayaniya cikin garken. Bayyana waɗanda suka yi ĩmãni (ko Old Believers) da ake bukata domin kula da haihuwa al'adar bauta. Rasha Orthodox Church dauke su Litattafansu da kuma fara da kalaman na danniya a kan waɗanda suka saba da sabon tsari.

addini views

Ko da yake wani muhimmin translation Epifaniya Slavinetskogo iya wasa a hannunsa a lokacin da hawa da tsãni a cikin coci, ya taba nuna wani kishi don zama bishop, ransa zauna suna fadin ieromonahom. Mafi yawansu ya free lokaci karatu ya faru a cikin tauhidin da falsafa littattafai.

A ra'ayi Epiphany ba kawai da Greek ra'ayin mazan jiya yaudarar - ya ba su ma yi kokarin fahimtar da peculiarities da ƙayyadaddu na Rasha Orthodox fahimtar. An muhimmanci alama wannan baƙuncin ya lexicon firistoci. Epiphany ne sau da yawa amfani da waje fi'ili constructions, ko a lokacin da ya rubuta da kuma fassara a cikin Rasha.

Latin masanin da kuma wa'azi

Ko da yake m ya grekofilom, wannan ba ya hana shi ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau Latin malamin a kasar. Ya yi aiki tare da wani yawa na Venetian Katolika littattafai. Bugu da kari, a matsayin malamin-sharhi, Epiphany shirya wani "Latin Lexicon." A alkuki da shi shi ne mafi kyau littafi a Rasha. Epiphany ya shi dangane da wani kamus rubuta ta Ambrosio Kalepinym.

Scientific sha'awa cikin coci ƙamus ya nufin cewa kamar yadda mai wa'azi m mafi umurci garkensa fiye da wa'azi da shi. Masu bincike aikin Epiphanius ce cewa ya lyrics kasance ko da yaushe bushe da abstruse.

Tsakanin sarki da sarki

A tsakiyar karni XVII aka alama ba kawai ta bayyanar da Old Muminai, amma fitowan na gasar tsakanin monarch da kuma ikon da sarki. A wannan adawa, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa Epiphany Slavinetsky. Biography aikin firist ya daidai da related to duka biyu da Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, kuma tare da Nikon. Lokacin da biyu daga cikinsu suka fara gano, abin da ya fi muhimmanci - "mulki," ko "Firistoci" Epiphany dauki wani jayayya matsayi.

By cewa lokaci (farkon 1660.) mai fassara ya daina kawai pravschikom tauhidin texts. Ya yi wani babba nauyi a cikin dukan Church, ko da yake da wuya amfani da matsayinsa. A togiya ne guda shawarwari tsakanin sarki da sarki na daya daga cikinsu shi ne mafi muhimmanci da kuma iko adadi. Epiphanius yi ĩmãni da monarch musamman kokuwa na dala na iko. Domin shi da Falsafa gane da hakkin ya kira majalisarku da yanke shawara coci al'amura, har ma da rarrabar da shi a cikin saman darajõji daga cikin matsayi. A lokaci guda, da Epiphany a cikin ni'imar iyakance iko na hierarchs kasa da sarki, da kuma imani da cewa su (metropolitans, archbishops, da sauransu. D.) da bãbu wani hakki a yin hukunci a Nikon. Yana Epiphany dalĩli da ya yarda da kai na Church a kiyaye a wuri don wani lokaci.

Legacy marubuci

Ko da yake Epiphany da kuma yin coci ya gyara, kazalika da shiri na rigingimu tsakanin sarki da sarki, mafi muhimmanci daga aikinsa ya kasance kullum kawai fassarorin. Ieromonakh bar a total na game da 150 ayyukansu. Sun kasance biyu fassarorin da kuma asali, nasu rubuce-rubucen. A karshen kungiyar hada 60 wa'azin, kuma 40 syllabic songs.

Epiphany kuma ya fassara ta Andreas Vesalius ( "Ilmin jikin mutum") da kuma Erasmus ( "dan kasa ayyuka na yara"). Ya yi karatu msar tambayar matsaloli na lexicography - ta marubucin nasa ne da "Lexicon Greek-Slavic-Latin" da "Dictionary na Philology". A gaskiya ma, Epiphanius ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko masu sana'a marubuta a Rasha. A cikin adabi na XVII karni na sikelin na wani hali iya kawai dace da adadi na Saminu da directing jiki, mallaka wani kasa encyclopedic ilimi. Epiphany Slavinetsky mutu a Moscow ranar 19 Nuwamba 1675.