Ermak: biography. Cossack Ataman, da tarihi nasara daga Siberia

A cikin rare hankali almara nasara daga Siberia - Ermak Timofeevich - ya zama daidai da almara gwarzo, zama ba kawai an yi fice hali, bar su da alãmarsu a cikin tarihi na Rasha, amma kuma wata alama ce ta mai daraja jaruntakar baya. Wannan Cossack Ataman ya fara ci gaban da sararin expanses na mikawa da Stone bel - Great Ural Mountains.

Tatsuniya da alaka da asalin Ermak

Modern masana tarihi, akwai da dama shiriritar alaka da tarihi na asalin. A daya daga cikinsu, Ermak, wanda biography ne batun da yawa daga masana kimiyya, wani Don Cossack, a kan sauran - Urals. Duk da haka, ga alama mafi kusantar da cewa dogara ne a kan tsira rubutum tarin na XVIII karni, ya gaya mana cewa iyalinsa zo daga Suzdal, inda kakana ya kasance mai yawan townsmen.

Mahaifinsa, Timoti, kore ta yunwa da talauci, ya mayar da su cikin Urals, inda ya samu mafaka a cikin garũruwa na arziki solepromyshlennikov - fatake stroganoff. Akwai ya zaunar, aure da kuma tashe 'ya'ya biyu - Rodion da Basil. Daga wannan daftarin aiki, shi ya bi da cewa wannan shi ne abin da aka Kwafa da tsarki baftisma a nan gaba nasara daga Siberia. Kiyaye su da wannan sunan, a cikin tarihin na Ermak - wani sunan barkwanci, daya daga cikin wadanda cewa an yawanci ba a Cossack yanayi.

Shekaru na soja sabis

Cinye Siberian expanses Ermak Timofeevich tafi, riga da ciwon baya shi wani arziki da fama da kwarewa. An sani cewa for shekaru ashirin da ya, tare da sauran Cossacks tsaron kudancin kan iyakar Rasha, da kuma lokacin da a 1558 Sarkin Ivan Grozny fara Livonian War, ya dauki bangare a cikin Maris, kuma ko da zama sananne a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi m gwamna. Kiyaye rahoton na Yaren mutanen Poland Kwamandan birnin Mogilev a mutum zuwa ga sarki Stefan Batory, a cikin abin da ya Notes ya ƙarfin hali.

A 1577 da ainihin masu da Ural ƙasar - fatake stroganoff - hayar wani babban rukuni na Ural Cossacks kare da akai harin na makiyaya, jagorancin Khan Kuchum. Gayyata samu da kuma Ermak. Tarihinsa daga wannan lokacin sa mai kaifi nuna - kadan-sani Cossack Ataman ya zama shugaban intrepid explorers na Siberia, har abada rubũtacce sunayensu a tarihi.

A wani gangamin iko da mazauni

Daga bisani, da Siberian Khanate kokarin kula da m dangantakar da sarakuna na Rasha da kuma neatly kafa da aka biya haraji - wani haraji a cikin nau'i na konkoma karãtunsa fãtun Jawo-qazanta dabbobi, amma wannan da aka riga da dogon da wuya lokaci na kamfen da kuma fadace-fadace. A m da tsare-tsaren Kuchum hada ousting stroganoff da duk wadanda suka rayu a kan su asashe da Western Urals da kõguna Chusovaya kuma Kama.

Don iko da kangararrun 'yan kasashen waje tafi sosai manyan sojojin - daya dubu ɗari shida. A waɗannan shekaru a cikin m taiga gefen kawai hanyar sadarwa da aka kogi, da kuma labari na Yermak gaya yadda shi iyo a cikin Ɗari Cossack plows - manyan da kuma nauyi jiragen da za su iya saukar da har zuwa ashirin da mutane tare da dukan kayayyakinsu.

Ermak da siffofin

Wannan yakin da aka hankali tattalin, da kuma stroganoff ba nadama da kudi saya mafi kyau makamai a lokacin. A dashi na Cossacks su ɗari uku arquebuses, iya karin abokan gaba a nesa na wani ɗari mita, 'yan dozin shotguns kuma ko da Spanish arquebus. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kowane garma sanye take da mahara bindigogi, juya shi kamar haka a wani fama jirgin. Duk wannan tabbatar da Cossacks wani gagarumin amfani a kan khan ta taro, yayin da kullum ba da aka sani bindigogi.

Amma babban factor bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da nasarar yakin neman zabe, yana da wani fili da kuma kyau tunani-fita kungiyar na sojojin. A duka tawagar da aka raba regiments, karkashin jagorancin Ermak sa mafi gogaggen da girmamawa shugaban. A lokacin da yãƙi, su umurnin daukar kwayar cutar sakonni ta amfani da shigar da bututu, timpani da ganguna. Ya taka rawar gani, da kuma wani baƙin ƙarfe horo, kafa na farko kwanaki na yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Ermak: biography ya zama wani labari

Famous yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara Satumba 1, 1581. Historical data da kuma kawo game da Ermak nuna cewa ya rundunar motoci, tanã gudãna a fadin Kama River, har zuwa babba kai na cikin kogin Chusovaya da kuma saukar da kogin kai Serebryanka Tagil wuce. A nan a Kokuy-gari gina su, da Cossacks ciyar da hunturu, da kuma a spring ci gaba kan hanyar tare da kogin Tagil - riga a kan sauran gefen Ural Mountains.

Kusa da bakin kogi taiga Tours shi ne na farko tsanani yaƙi da Tatars. Su detachment karkashin jagorancin dan na Khan Mametkulom kwanton bauna da gaci (¡uraishi) Cossacks girgijen kibau, amma aka warwatsa samu wuta daga arquebuses. Kaucewa hari, Ermak da mutanensa ci gaba kan hanyar da suka tafi zuwa cikin kogin Tobol. Akwai wani sabon karo da abokan gaba, wannan lokaci a kan ƙasar. Duk da cewa bangarorin biyu sha wahala nauyi asarar da, da Tatars sun gudu.

Shan garu maƙiyi birane

Bayan wadannan fadace-fadace da aka bi biyu mafi - yakin da Tobol River kusa da Irtysh da shan na Tatar birni Karachinov. A lokuta biyu, nasara da aka cimma ba kawai godiya ga ƙarfin hali na Cossacks, amma kuma a sakamakon fice umartarku da halaye mallaki Ermak. Siberia - patrimony Khan Kuchum - sannu a hankali ya wuce a karkashin Rasha protectorate. Ci Karachinov khan ya mayar da hankali dukan} o} arin kawai a kan tsaron gida ayyuka, da barin burinsu.

Bayan wani gajeren lokaci, shan wani garu batu Ermak karshe zo zuwa babban birnin kasar na Siberian Khanate - City Isker. Legend of Ermak, kiyaye tun zamanin da, ya bayyana yadda da uku ya tafi Cossacks kai farmaki cikin birnin, kuma uku Tatars yi yaƙi da Orthodox sojojin. A karshe, su mahayan gudanar da wani sortie saboda da tsaron gida Tsarin da garzaya zuwa Cossacks.

Wannan shi ne m kuskure. Da zarar a gaban shooters, sun zama domin su mai sauki manufa. Tare da kowane gulp na arquebuses fagen fama rufe da sabon da kuma sabon jikin Tatars. Daga qarshe Isker kare ya gudu, ya bar ta ta fend for Khan. A nasara kuma ya kammala. Wannan lashe daga makiya birnin Ermak da kuma sojojinsa ciyar da hunturu. Kamar yadda wani mai hikima siyasa, ya ya iya kafa dangantaka da gida taiga kabilu, ta haka ne guje ba dole ba zubar da jini.

Karshen rayuwa Ermak

Tsohon babban birnin kasar na Siberian Khanate a Moscow ya aika wani rukuni na Cossacks tare da wani rahoto a kan ci gaba na balaguro, tare da bukatar a gare reinforcements da kuma arziki Yasaka daga konkoma karãtunsa fãtun na Jawo-qazanta dabbobi. Ivan Grozny, to yaba da isa yabo na Ermak, ya aiko da kai a manyan retinue, kuma shi da kansa ya ba da karfe harsashi - da wata ãyã daga Mai martaba.

Amma duk da dukan ci gaba, da rayuwa na Cossacks ya faru a akai hatsarin sabon harin da Tatars. Wanda aka azabtar da daya daga cikinsu shi ne almara nasara daga Siberia - Ermak. Biography episode shi karya a lokacin da wani duhu Agusta da dare a cikin 1585 a detachment na Cossacks, ya ciyar da dare a kan bankunan na cikin daji taiga kogin, ba sa up lokaci.

Fatal rashin kulawa yarda da Tatars ba zato ba tsammani kai farmaki da su. Sun gudu daga makiya, Ermak kokarin iyo a ketaren kogi, amma nauyi makamai - a kyauta wa sarki - fascinated shi zuwa kasa. Saboda haka ya ƙare rayuwar wani labari wanda ya Rasha sararin expanses na Siberia.