Empirical ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha

A lokacin karni na 20th, Western ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a alama wani gagarumin ci gaba, saboda haka yanzu shi ne wani hadadden tsarin da Concepts, ideas, hanyoyin da ra'ayoyinsa. Empirical ilimin halayyar zaman nufin da muhimmanci Concepts na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na karni na 20th, tare da ka'idar zamantakewa rikici, da tsarin da kuma aikin bincike, sociometry, ka'idar m interactionism, manufar zaman musayar kuma phenomenological ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Empirical ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ya hada biyu main yankunan:

- aiyuka empirical karatu a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, su aiki ne don gudanar da bincike da nufin warware m, da kyau-tsare ayyuka.

- Academic empirical karatu a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, su aiki ne da samuwar ilmin kimiyya game da tsarin rayuwar al'umma abubuwan da takamaiman yankunan da za a yi amfani da matsayin methodological tushen sociological bincike.

Empirical ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a daga biyu da rabi na karni na 20th ne masu tasowa, ba kawai a Amurka amma kuma a yammacin Turai. Wakilai daga cikin empirical makaranta shafi quite wani bambancin kewayon bukatun, amma babban matsaloli ne solvable msar tambayar da methodological akai bincike, kazalika da aboki da kuma sadarwa a kundin na amfani da kuma ilimi yankunan.

Empirical ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha raya kamar yadda kafin juyin juya halin (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky et al.) Kuma a cikin na farko shekaru goma bayan (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky et al.). Empirical ilimin halayyar a Rasha a cikin shekaru 20 da suka yi karatu da matsaloli na aikin kungiyar, da kara da samuwar al'ada, hanyar rayuwa da kuma samar da horo na kwararrun ma'aikata. A farkon 30-ies gudanar da irin wannan nazarin da aka tsaya da kuma sake maido da kawai a cikin 70s (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al.).

Yau canji visualizations hanya na ilimi. Alal misali, VA poisons da aka sani Rasha sociologist da shawara da wadannan dabaru na empirical bincike a cikin daban-daban msar tambayar hanyoyin. Ya gabatar da su gina a kan irin wannan halitta da msar tambayar paradigms: da yayi a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - shi ne mai cikakken fahimtar da interrelationships na daban-daban theories, ciki har da:

a) tallafi na kowa falsafa amsar tambayar "abin shi ne zaman jama'a".

b) tallafi na wani total kewayon matsalolin da za a bincika a cikin wani musamman yayi.

c) fitarwa daga wasu na kowa sharudda ga tushe da kuma AMINCI da ka'idodin ilmi dangane da zamantakewa matakai da mamaki.

A ci gaba da Rasha da kuma yskoy ilimin halayyar zaman sake nazari da matakai uku:

1st mataki (60- 80s. Karni na sha tara.). Akwai ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a cikin kasashen Yamma da Rasha, da kuma, da kuma. Yana Ana daukarsa a matsayin kimiyya, wanda yana amfani da wasu sciences a matsayin "sito" na facts zama dole domin ci gaba da ta dokokin zamantakewar rayuwa kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma statics. A wannan lokaci, duka biyu ilimin halayyar zaman raya matsayin Gwargwadon makaranta, organicism, Psychology: zamantakewa da psychism da kayadadden makaranta.

Kayadadden ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a kafa ka'idodin da kowa. Muradi ya da bege ga jayayya da ra'ayoyi na Rasha populism da gurguzanci.

m shugabanci ideas bincika muhimmiyar rawa na al'adu dalilai influencing da dalili na mutum hali.

2nd mataki (80 -. 90th 19 a.). A wannan lokaci kafa antipositivist shigarwa da kuma Markisanci. A wannan lokaci M.M.Kovalevsky saki aikinsa "ilimin halayyar". Ya gane ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya juyin halitta da kuma kungiyar na al'umma. Ya jaddada cewa, a cikin ilimin halayyar zaman wuya lauye tattalin arziki, halayya, Gwargwadon dalilai, amma babu wani daga cikinsu, a lokaci guda, ba ya bayyana hukunci.

3rd mataki (har zuwa 20-ies na karni na 20th). Manyan makarantu - Cigaban. A lokaci guda suka kafa wata "Kirista ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a".

4th mataki (C '80s na karni na 20th har N.V.). Wani sabon mataki, alama da munanan canje-canje a fannin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma, wanda aka gane ta mai zaman kanta kimiyya.