Reactance - abin da yake da shi?

Man ya dade da aka yi amfani da su bukatun lantarki, da sinadaran, da kuma makamashin nukiliya. Ga mai fasaha bayanin kowanne daga cikinsu akwai wani tsarin da cewa ba da damar zuwa fahince su ainihi. Alal misali, siffofi kamar ikon, tsanani, yawa, et al., Yadu amfani a nazarin ba kawai lantarki, amma sauran da aka sani da siffofin da makamashi. Wata irin wannan duniya ra'ayi ne yadu amfani, da kalmar "adawa" na wutar lantarki. A wasu wurare, akwai analogues - sha, da tsoro, gani, da dai sauransu "Resistance" - shi ne, a gaskiya, shi ne halayyar da makamashi filin hasarori. Dalilin da kimiyya da fasaha ta'allaka ne da sanin abin da yake cikin hanyar da juriya.

Resistance a wani rangadi na da dual yanayi - ka ce, juriya da kuma reactance. Ga lantarki juriya da shugaba shi ne babban halayyar da kuma juriya sa da yunkuri na shugaba kasa dako. A dalilan da wannan counter iya zama daban-daban, wanda ya bayyana ta sunan daban. Resistance ne ko da yaushe tare da mayar daya irin na makamashi zuwa wani ta rage da farko tushen samar da makamashi. Domin haka al'amarin na lantarki da makamashi wadata wajen, wannan sauyin da makamashi hira cikin thermal electromotive karfi, Magnetic ko lantarki da makamashi.

Tarihi, na farko juriya biography ya nazarin juriya, wanda shi ne saboda na yi hira da tushen shugaba to dumama makamashi. Wannan ya faru domin dalilin cewa zargin (electrons da kuma shi ne) a karkashin tasirin da filin EMF tushen koma kan wani guidewire, a alamance magana, "turawa" lu'ulu'u ko kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, juna musayar makamashi canja wurin kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a yawan zafin jiki na shugaba, Ina nufin akwai hira da na'urar samar da makamashi cikin thermal makamashi. Idan tushen electromotive karfi ba ya canja ta shugabanci da kuma girma na U, da a halin yanzu ina cikin wani rangadi kira akai, da kuma juriya R wannan kewaye da aka lasafta daga Ohm ta dokar: R = U / I.

Resistance DC kewaye iya zama aiki. Reactance "da ke sa kansa ya ji" kawai a haihuwarka AC, wadda dauke da sosai musamman inductance (nada) ko capacitance (capacitor). Tsananin magana, wani shugaba yana da wasu inductance da capacitance, amma yawanci su ne don haka negligible cewa suna bari. A inductance da capacitance idan sunã gudãna a cikinta da wutar lantarki zargin musanya musu makamashi a wani Magnetic filin na nada ko da lantarki filin daga cikin dielectric. A adana makamashi haka, a canji na ãyã daga cikin tushen emf, aka koma a cikin nau'i na sanadin motsi makamashi zargin, Saboda haka sunan - "reactance".

Inductance a AC kewaye "resists" na yanzu da kwarara ta cikin kai-shigar da sabon abu: da canji a halin yanzu generated da wani canji a emf tushen sa wani canji a cikin electromagnetic filin saboda haka yayi kokarin kula da yanzu a cikin kewaye saboda da adana makamashi na Magnetic filin. Auna da adana makamashi ne mai awo na kewaye inductance L, wanda ya dogara a kan mita f AC. A reactance na inductor ne m da wadannan dabara:

XL = 2 * π * F * L.

A capacitor a wani AC kewaye accumulates da makamashi na lantarki filin da dielectric cajin. Lokacin da canza girma da kuma / ko shugabanci na tushen emf ƙarfin lantarki a fadin capacitor faranti da goyan bayan wani fadowa buga, a cikinsa ya fi tsayi, da girma da capacitance C na capacitor.

A amsawa impedance na capacitor, kuma mita dogara, aka ba by:

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C).

Daga wannan magana a fili yake cewa an karuwa a cikin mita da kuma / ko capacitance impedance tayi. Saboda haka, domin AC kewaye, inda akwai wata resistor, wani inductor da wani capacitor, shi wajibi ne domin ayyana wasu total juriya da kuma reactance. A general, da dabara domin kirga da impedance yana da "pifagorovsky dandano":

Zv2 = Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2

* Note: A «v» kamata karanta «Z Squared", da dai sauransu

Kuma a karshe impedance dabara ne kamar haka:

Z = √ (squarte) Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2.