Edible zaki chestnut: dasa da kuma girma

Chestnut - almara hali na jama'a tãtsũniyõyin da kuma na ado katako al'ada Popular lambuna da gonakin na yammacin Turai kasashe da kudancin yankunan Rasha. Wannan sigar ban sha'awa nau'in bishiyoyi, kuma yana da dama lakabi (edible, Turai, daraja), sõyayya da guda sunan - zaki chestnut. A peculiarities da shuka, ta halaye da kuma aikin nomar na namo koya daga wannan ɗaba'ar.

A baƙo daga gidan Beech

Castanea sativa - mai ban mamaki itace, da wanda daban-daban al'ummai suna da nasaba daban-daban da ƙungiyoyi. Alal misali, tare da farko na kaka a Faransa ta fara da "Red Season", a lokacin da a kan kowane titi kusurwa sayar da soyayyen 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauran jita-jita dangane da su. Blooming chestnut - wani irin alama ce Kiev, spring Parks aka dasa tare da chestnut hanyoyin, tsanin kyakkyawa m da kyau kwarai ado sakamako. A kararrawa healers high darajar for da magani halaye, tun waraka ne duk sama-ƙasa sassa na shuka.

baza

Kudu-maso-gabas da Turai da kuma Malaysia gane matsayin da haifuwa na wakilin temperate da warmer latitudes. Sweet chestnut, hunturu hardiness ne low, an samu a yau a yankin Asiya, kowa a cikin Rum da kuma Atlantic tekun na Amirka, amma a arewacin canjin yanayin shuka tsira.

The itacen - wani enviable tsira. A duniya akwai 'yan shuke-shuke da suke zaune fiye da shekaru 1000, kuma a cikin kwaruruka na Caucasus da aka sani lokutta, tun haye 500-shekara mark. A talakawan tsawon rayuwa na chestnut yana dauke da wani m lokaci - 450-500 shekaru.

Specific siffofin

Duk wadannan iri chestnuts kasance a cikin sanannen iyali na Beech kuma suna tsayi itatuwa, kai 30-35 mita. Wannan inji - real giant tare da yada m kambi da kuma mike ta fita akwati, da diamita na wanda za isa dabi'u har zuwa biyu mita. Duhu Brown haushi rufe da akwati na itace, riddled tare da fasa, zurfin wanda qara da shekaru. Baje watsar da rassan haifar da girma da kuma wani m kambi. Chestnut bar mika (har zuwa 25 cm), tare da bayyane baki oblong notches proportionally ya fi girma. Su da kyau siffar jaddada m tsarin da kuma m duhu koren launi. Itãce blooms a farkon watan Afrilu.

Sweet chestnut - itace fure. A spectacle ne m, kuma za ka iya ganin shi a watan Yuni. Kananan haske furanni, ya tattara a cikin spicate inflorescences, an rufe al'adu, jawo ganinsu masu wucewa da kuma karfafa pollinating kwari.

'ya'yan

Fruiting shuka farawa a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba, tare da farkon na defoliation. Edible 'ya'yan na chestnut - a real goro m tsarin yellowish ko cream masu launin. Yana tasowa a cikin m harsashi-cupule sanye take da m zangarniya da kuma kare shi daga daban-daban bala'i. A kowane irin harsashi nunarsa daya - uku kwayoyi, sa'ilin Cupule crack, fallasa da 'ya'yan itace.

Kwayoyi irin nau'in yadda zaki chestnut edible, ku ci, kuma su inedible nau'in, kamar 'ya'yan da doki chestnut, ne m raw kayan don amfani a mutãne magani. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sweetish dandano, da dan kadan looser tsarin da kuma musamman abun da ke ciki na gina jiki.

Edible chestnut dubi daban-daban daga doki dan kadan nuna tip kwalaye a cikin abin da cotyledon. Bayan kau da girbi kwayoyi adana for dogon, saboda za su sauri bushe fita, zama gaggautsa da kuma rasa su mabukaci Properties.

Castanea sativa: amfani kaddarorin da kuma aikace-aikace

Abun da ke ciki chestnuts musamman, da suka hada da daidaitaccen sa na ma'adanai, bitamin da kuma unsaturated m acid, macro- kuma gano abubuwa da su mahadi. Ba kamar sauran kwayoyi chestnut ƙunshi m adadin kitse, abin da ya sa shi mai kyau ga wani abinci da abinci da samfur. Rich chestnut 'ya'yan sunadarai, sugars, na halitta shuka enzymes.

Kwayoyi su ne m kamar abinci. Suna amfani da sabo ko hõre wani dafa abinci: soyayyen, gasa, steamed, kara zuwa gidan burodi da kuma confectionery kayayyakin. Milled gasashe chestnuts - mai girma maimakon kofi.

Bugu da kari ga 'ya'yan itacen yana na musamman halaye da kuma foliage na itace, a babban abun ciki na tannins da pectins a cikin abin da za a iya yadda ya kamata disinfected da kuma warkar da raunuka, hana zub da jini.

Castanea sativa: girma

Al'adu karbe ta zuriya ko vegetatively - cuttings. Pollinated da kwari chestnut. Fruiting jinsuna daban kuma fara a daban-daban sau. Wasu - tare da 3-6-th shekara na rayuwa, da sauran - daga 25th. Mafi sau da yawa ta faru da cewa ta dasa a gonar dasa chestnut tsirarwa kula da farko game da ado na ciki na kasar, da kuma na biyu - na samar da wani girbi na kwayoyi da yara da jikoki matsayin nasa girbi cire shi ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu. Amma gogaggen lambu da'awar cewa 40-shekara misali saukin tattara 60-70 kg na kwayoyi.

Sweet chestnut da kyau dauki tushen a kan rana, tattarã yankunan da tsaka tsaki breathable m kasa. Danshi-m al'ada bai yarda da rashin fari, don haka kula da matasa shuke-shuke yana da muhimmanci sosai.

Girma daga zuriyar

Kamar yadda aka nuna a bisa, chestnut - zo daga dumi subtropical kuma ba zai iya jure sanyi, amma ke tsiro da kyau a greenhouses da conservatories, kazalika a cikin gida da al'adu na "bonsai" Japanese fasaha.

Samun cikakken chestnut itace daga tsaba za a iya cikakken ripened da auku daga itacen. Domin ingantaccen germination bukatar dogon stratification, wanda kwaikwayi halitta, halitta tsari. Tsaba suna sanya shi a cikin wani akwati, zuba bushe kogin yashi, kuma sanya shi a cikin wani firiji ko ginshiki. Bayan watanni 5-6 seasoned haka da tsaba da chestnut za a iya dasa zuwa germinate.

Suna sanya a cikin substrate daga cakuda ƙasa itace da ganye mold. Kowane goro da aka dasa a raba tanki da damar 4-5 lita. Don sauƙaƙe germination kafin shuka tsaba kiyaye a cikin dumi ruwa domin 5-6 days. Kara bunkasa ta 10 cm. Rabe, da suka germinate da sauri, a cikin 15-20 kwanaki. Ya tsirar da seedlings suna transplanted a cikin bazara zuwa wani bude rana mãkirci, da shaded sasanninta na lambu chestnut itatuwa ba su dace.

Saukowa site shirya a gaba, domin su kau da suka wuce haddi acidity na kasar gona, ƙara a kan 1 m ² na 500-600 grams dolomite da kuma tono babba topsoil tare da humus. Kafin seedlings shuka su ƙẽƙashe, gabatar da sabo iska kowace rana ga makonni biyu. Dasa a bude ƙasa-kafe shuke-shuke girma maida. Suna bukatar sauki amma yau da kullum ana gyara.

Yadda za a kula da matasa shuke-shuke

Domin yankuna da dumi m sauyin yanayi Castanea sativa shuka da kuma girma shi ne, ba wuya, shi ne kawai da za a ba da shuka a bit da hankali, da yin saba hanyoyin hõrarru fasali na jinsin da kuma namo dabaru na namo.

Tallafa ci gaban da matasa shuke-shuke, ya kamata ka kai a kai sako cikin ƙasa a cikin bishiya, sassauta shi da ruwa da shuka kamar yadda ake bukata. Chestnut, ba Ya son bushewa fitar da ƙasa, amma a kan lokaci ya ɓullo da wani karfi famfo tushen tsarin cire ruwa wanda ba wuya. Duk da haka kafe shuke-shuke ya kamata ba za ta shafa ruwa karanci.

Edible chestnuts hasara ne low hardiness bukatar hunturu mafaka, ko da idan girma a cikin manufa yanayi Crimean. Kamar yadda amfani nutrasil mafaka ko wasu ba-saka m abu.

Pruning: tsafta da kuma kafa

Baya daga cikin saba ayyuka na kula, chestnut da ake bukata trimming, forming wani kambi, samar da ado da kuma hana thickening da kuma abin da ya faru da cututtuka daban-daban asalin. Gudanar da wani pruning a farkon spring, cire lalace, da waxannan cututtukan, rauni, kuma girma a ciki da kambi rassan. Samuwar wani kambi ne da za'ayi a kan wani karin balagagge shuka, gina shi bisa ga nasu zaɓuɓɓukanka da kuma sha'awa. Castanea sativa, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin littafin - mai girma itace. Duk da haka, a live misali na wani wakilin Beech girma a naka lambu - m da kyawawa shuka for lambu kudancin yankunan.