Fyodor Ivanovich: biography, a zamanin mulkin mutuwa

Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich aka fi sani ga cewa shi ne na karshe mulkin Rasha daga Rurik daular. A zamanin mulkinsa, za a iya kira wani lokaci ne na zaman lafiya bayan shekaru ta'addanci uba.

ilimi Fedor

A Ivana Groznogo da 'ya'ya uku maza. Na biyu daga gare su, Theodore, an haife shi a 1557. Tsohuwarsa Anastasia Zakharyin, St. George - da farko da matar Ivana Groznogo, wanda ya ƙaunace sosai. Anastasia ya asalinsa na Romanov iyali. Shekaru masu yawa daga baya shi ne wannan daular daukan Al'arshi. Fedor wuya san wani mahaifiyarsa soyayya - Anastasia mutu takaici, a 1560, a wani ko da ƙaramin shekaru. Jim kadan kafin cewa Rasha ta shiga cikin Livonian War ga Baltic jihohi.

Saboda haka, Fyodor Ivanovich bai samu wani m lokaci. Ba da da ewa mahaifinsa canza zuwa wani matsananci digiri. A cikin matasa ya kasance mai kula, irin da kuma dogara da monarch. Duk da haka, da m mutuwa matarsa ta farko sanya shi m. A hankali, ya zama mai tanƙwasawa da kuma fara fatattaka saukar a kewaye manya.

Saboda haka, Fedor Ioannovich Ros a cikin siga yanayi na tsoro da kuma fargaba. Ba shi ne magaji a kan karaga, kamar yadda aka kamata ya yi da yayana Ivan. Duk da haka, ya mutu takaici, a hannun mahaifinsa guda a 1581. Munin gangan buga dansa tare da sanda cikin fushi, saboda wanda ya mutu. Tun Ivan da 'ya'ya, ya aka yi nasara da Theodore.

magaji

Ko kafin cewa, a cikin 1575, yarima aure Irina Godunov. 'Yar zabi da uba, wanda ya so ya ba da ɗa na biyu na wani aminci abokin ga shi kabila. Godunovs suna da irin. A fi so sarki - Boris - lissafta Irina ɗan'uwansa.

Sa'an nan babu wanda zai iya yi zaton cewa wannan aure zai zama m ga makomar wannan kasar. Boris ya ba kawai wa-amma m mataimakin a cikin harkokin Fedor. Saboda gaskiya cewa sarkin na biyu dansa, ba wanda ya sanar da shi ga harkokin jihar. All pinned su fãtan a kan Ivan. Fedor ma a cikin matasa ne mafi yawa m cewa su bada kansu zuwa ga sabis na Church da farauta. Bayan da ban tausayi mutuwa yayansa Fedor ya quite a bit lokaci domin ya saya a kalla wasu management basira.

Bugu da kari, ya aka bambanta da matalauta kiwon lafiya da kuma mai laushi yanayi, da wuya dauki himma, kuma suka aikata fiye da abin da ya ce, kuma bai dauki nasu yanke shawara.

Farkon sarautar

Ivan Grozny mutu a 1584. Ya zuwa yanzu shi ba a san ko ya mutu da kansa, da dalili na rashin lafiya, ko ya yarda da tashin hankali mutuwa da kewaye boyars. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Fyodor Ivanovich ya yanzu sarki. Boyar Duma - kewaye da shi majalisa da aka kafa. Yana kunshi aristocrats daga soja, jami'an diplomasiyan, da sauransu. D. Akwai kuma wani ɗan'uwansa a shari'ar sarki Boris Godunov.

Wannan mutumin da aka sosai m, kuma ƙarshe zubar da duk da fafatawa a gasa da suke qoqarin tasiri sarki jingine nufinsa. Godunov shi ne shugaban shawara ga sarki cikin dukan zamanin mulkinsa. Ya kasance mai girma Oganeza. Fedor da tare da shi ba jayayya. Tare da wannan ma'auni na ikon a Rasha a lokacin karshe Rurik cimma da yawa nasarorin, da kuma warkar da raunuka samu a wannan zamanin na Ivan da Munin.

The yaki tare da Swedes

Da gazawar da Ivan da Munin a cikin Livonian War ne dalilin da asarar muhimmanci yankuna a cikin Baltic Amirka. Sai suka ba wa kagara Ivangorod, Narva, yam da sauransu. D. Fedora Ioannovicha Board aka alama ta gaskiya cewa Boyar Duma kokarin hanyoyi daban-daban don sake samu batattu ƙasa. Saboda gaskiya cewa bai da aka sanya hannu tsakanin kasashen biyu kan iyakar yarjejeniya, kasashen kokarin lallashe Swedish King John III ya koma ƙasar kawar da ita. A monarch ki yi haka lumana. A cikin hali na ƙarin tsanani da rikici ya fatan taimakawa dansa Sigismund, wanda ya zama Sarkin Poland. Johan ya yi imanin cewa Rasha da aka raunana, da kuma iya har ma su iya kai shi zuwa ga sabon birni.

A cikin farkon zamanin 1590 a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin biyu iko fara Swedes tsokana. Sarkin yanke shawarar bayyana a general taro na regiments a Novgorod. Biography of Fedora Ioannovicha ce cewa matasa sarki ya taba directed da yaƙi, amma har yanzu ya jagoranci shelves, da imani da cewa shi zai gaisuwa up sojojin. Kawai 35 dubu mutane suka taru.

A dawowar Rasha birane a Baltic Amurka

A farko haƙiƙa na regiments ya kagarar Yam, inda suke gangarawa. Shi ne gaskiya a ce shi aka kafa a 1384 ta Novgorod, don haka da Rasha Tsar ya shi duka hakkin doka. A sansanin soja da aka Yaren mutanen Sweden sojojin 500 maza. Sai suka yanke shawarar wuce da kufaifan, a musayar for free to koma gida.

A farko da manyan yaƙi ya faru a karkashin ganuwar Ivangorod, a lõkacin da Swedes farmaki da sojojin regiments karkashin umurnin Dmitry Khvorostinin. A nasara ya ga Rasha. Makiya da koma baya ga kadan garin Rakvere.

A Fabrairu 5, da kewaye daga Narva, wanda ya samu halartar manyan bindigogi kawo daga Pskov. A farko fadan ya kare ne a taro zubar da jini da ta zo kome gubar. Sai na fara shelling kagara. A Swedes sun nema a tsagaita wuta a shekara. Bangarorin sun amince da wannan shekara don shiga wata yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a kan m sharuddan. Duk da haka, Johan III ki bi da Rasha da bukatun. Bugu da ƙari, ya ya iya yi amfani da jinkiri, da kuma aika zuwa ga Baltic sabo neobstrelyannye shelves.

A watan Nuwamba, wata yarjejeniyar da aka keta. A Swedes farmaki Ivangorod. Duk da haka, da suka kasa kama wannan muhimmin karfi. Sojojin Rasha zuwa sama a cikin ceto na kewaye, koro da Swedes, amma ba su tsallaka iyaka a kan umarni daga Moscow.

A halin yanzu, a kan kudancin kan iyakar Rasha da aka kai hari da Crimean Khan Giray Gaza. Tatars washe lumana gari, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa mafi yawan sojojin da aka aika zuwa sakonnin su. A Swedes dauki amfani abstraction abokan gaba da kuma kai hari a arewacin ƙasashen Rasha. Pechenegsky sufi da aka kama.

yin zaman lafiya

Bayan da Tatars aka samu nasarar ci da kuma fitar daga Rasha, na yau da kullum regiments koma zuwa arewa. Sojojin Rasha farmaki da kwaya da kuma Vyborg. Duk da dama fadace-fadace, babu wata ƙungiya ne ba iya tip Sikeli a su ni'imar. Farko, shekaru biyu tsagaita wuta da aka sanya hannu. Bayan da Swedes sake yunkurin kai hari da yankin Rasha, na tsawon lokaci, yarjejeniyar tattaunawar koma.

Su ƙare a garin Tyavzino a kan bankunan na Narva River. A 1595, da zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu, bisa ga abin Rasha daukan kan garin Ivangorod, Yam, Koporje. A lokaci guda, da Sarkin amince da gane Swedes Estland, cewa ya hujja da sakamakon Livonian War, Ivana Groznogo. Har ila yau a wani yarjejeniya a Tyavzino da muhimmanci cewa a karon farko da aka daidai dace da kan iyaka tsakanin Sweden da kuma Rasha a cikin mafi m yankuna, har zuwa Barents Sea. Wani sakamakon da rikici ya da wani baƙauye haddin shari'a cikin Finland. A Swedes yi yãƙi a 'yan shekaru kafin su kwantar da lardin.

Fyodor Ivanovich, a lokacin wanda sarautar da aka alama ta daya kawai manyan-sikelin yaki, ya iya komawa da Rasha birni, ya rasa mahaifinsu.

The kafa patriarchate

Wani muhimmin yanzu cewa tunawa sarautar Fedor Ivanovich, ya kafa na Moscow Patriarchate. Bayan da baftisma da Rus 'da sarki wakilin Church a kasar ya Lardi. Ya aka nada daga Byzantine Empire, wanda aka dauke cibiyar Orthodoxy. Duk da haka, a cikin 1453, Turkish Musulmi kama Konstantinoful da kuma hallaka a jihar. Tun daga nan, a Moscow ci gaba su yi jãyayya da bukatar haifar da nasu Patriarchate.

A karshe, wannan batun da aka tattauna a tsakãninsu Boris Godunov da Fyodor Ivanovich. A takaice kuma a fili bayyana da shawara ga sarki kansa daga zargin patriarchy. Ya kuma samarwa wani dan takarar da sabon umarni. Sun zama Lardi na Moscow, da Ayuba, da wanda ya kasance mai aminci abõkinsa Godunov shekaru da yawa.

A 1589, da patriarchate da aka kafa tare da goyon bayan da Greek prelates. Ayuba sa'ad da ta fara wani m aikin mishan a Volga yankin Siberia. Akwai for daruruwan shekaru rayu Majusawa da Musulmi, wanda ya fara motsa a cikin bangaskiyar Kirista.

The mutuwar Prince Dmitry

A 1591, a lardin Uglich da bala'i. Akwai yana da shekaru da yawa don ya rayu kane Fedor 8-shekara Dmitry. Ya kuwa ɗan Ivan da Munin daga daya daga cikin 'yan aure. A lokacin da a Moscow, ya zo da labarai na yarima ta mutuwa, ya faru ne a cikin Uglich bore yan unguwa suka aikata da boyars, babysit.

Dmitri ya magajin wa ɗan'uwansa, kamar yadda Fedor da 'ya'ya nasu. Irina a lokacin aure ne kawai sau daya haifi 'ya mace, Theodosia, amma shi mutu tun suna jarirai. The mutuwar Dmitry nufi da cewa tseren na Moscow shugabannin Ivan Kalita tsaya a mike layin.

Don gano cikakken bayani game da abin da ya faru, da hukumar da aka kafa a birnin Moscow, wanda ya tafi zuwa Uglich a kan gudanar da bincike. Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin ubangijina Vasiliy Shuysky. A irony shi ne cewa shi shekaru 15 da haihuwa ya zama sarki. Duk da haka, yayin da wannan daya bai sani ba. Hukumar ƙarasa da cewa yaro yayin da wasa da gangan pricked kuma ya mutu daga bugu na epilepsy. Mutane da yawa soki wannan version. A mutane akwai jita-jita cewa sarkin ya zargi ga mutuwar sarki shawara, Boris Godunov. Kamar shi ko ba, ya riga ya yiwuwa a sani.

A rabo daga kursiyin

A cikin 'yan shekaru, rinjayar da monarch rayuwa Borisa Godunova ne musamman karfi. The mutuwar Fedora Ioannovicha zo a 1598 daga halitta haddasawa. Ya sha wahala da yawa, kuma ba su sãɓã ba mai kyau kiwon lafiya. Shirya bayan shi iya matarsa Irina, amma sai da ta je sufi da albarka a zamanin mulkin dan'uwansa. Boris gudanar da cin nasara ta siyasa da kishiyoyinsu na wannan ba na sarauta lõkacin saukarsa. Duk da haka, an alama hukumar matsaloli fara lokaci, wanda aka bi da dama na jini yaƙe-yaƙe da sauran qirqira.

Bayan duk wadannan haske da masifu da suka faru sun yi kusa su manta da shiru da kuma unobtrusive Fyodor Ivanovich. A zamanin mulkinsa, (1584-1598), duk da haka, shi ya kasance wani lokaci na halitta da kuma ci gaba ga Rasha.